According to recent studies on simulations and military training, the following paper intents to ... more According to recent studies on simulations and military training, the following paper intents to demonstrate that live simulations are the best tool to ensure a troop's combat readiness. Military maneuver exercises, foot marches and practical shooting stages are a few examples, but they must provide high reality levels in order to ensure the trainees' immersion; otherwise they might not prepare them psychologically, without testing their abilities under real stress, usual component of a battlefield. Therefore, this research is based on the results achieved during Brazilian Army's simulations that took place at the Centro de Instrução de Operações de Garantia da Lei e da Ordem (CIOpGLO), a military training center focused on urban and law enforcement operations. Three live simulations are explored in this article-urban ostensible patrolling operation, stress fire stage and urban offensive operation-, all coordinated by CIOpGLO's team and each tested more than twice, in a total of eight experiences analysed. They had the main objective of creating fully immersible environments, inducting the trainees into combat stress with a wide use of paintball markers, sound devices and explosives. These resources, combined with a special methodology named " Realism Infusion " , have granted excellent results, leading the simulations' attendants to unforgettable experiences, with many tactical lessons learned and, most important of all, the development of their affective attributes, specifically self-control, courage and leadership.
RESUMO Simulações desempenham um papel importante no treinamento militar. Jun-tando-se as possibi... more RESUMO Simulações desempenham um papel importante no treinamento militar. Jun-tando-se as possibilidades da Realidade Aumentada com as necessidades do trei-namento militar, é possível conceber um novo tipo de simulação. Os atuais simula-dores virtuais de tiro que usam grandes telas imersivas podem ter um alto nível de precisão e um bom uso de gráficos e de inteligência artificial, mas eles ainda exi-gem que o usuário se mova de maneira não-natural para visualizar e interagir com o ambiente virtual. Em outras palavras, este tipo de simulação ainda se assemelha a um videogame para alguns usuários. Mas e se os soldados pudessem usar cená-rios reais em uma cidade simulada, tendo que se mover rapidamente, proteger-se atrás de obstáculos, e evitar tiros disparados por inimigos virtuais? Neste texto, a combinação de algumas tecnologias é sugerida considerando-se as diferentes aplicações potenciais de serious games na formação militar. A intenção é apresen-tar uma perspectiva brasileira sobre como conceber uma simulação realista para treinamento militar, que seria mais exigente fisicamente e mais envolvente do que uma simples simulação de point-and-shoot. ABSTRACT Simulations play an important role in military training. If someone joins the possibilities of Augmented Reality with the needs of military training, it is possible to conceive a new kind of simulation. Today's virtual shooting simulators that use large immersive screens may have a high level of precision and a good use of graphics and artificial intelligence but they still lack the need of the user to move himself or herself, to use cover correctly, or specially to interact with the environment. In other words, they still feel as a video game for some users. But what if soldiers could use real-life scenarios in a simulated city, having to move fast, dash into cover, and avoid fire shot by virtual enemies? In this text, the combination of some technologies is
The Instruction Centre for Operations on Law and Order Assurance (CIOpGLO) is a Brazilian Army fa... more The Instruction Centre for Operations on Law and Order Assurance (CIOpGLO) is a Brazilian Army facility created in March 2005 in Campinas, Brazil. The mission of this centre involves the offering of training in different perspectives, which includes the preparation of soldiers to enter in slums areas in Rio de Janeiro and other cities to arrest criminals, whenever a federal intervention is required. This centre is involved in training to guarantee law and order and, at the same time, prepare officers and soldiers for interventions even in urban areas. To allow such training, this facility counts with physical built sites to allow soldiers to train how to get inside houses, how to shoot at short ranges (from 0 to 30 meters), how to move and shelter while going up in a hill with many houses and corridors on the way, and so on. The Brazilian Army, in the last few years, started operating in slums like the ones of the "Alemão" and the "Penha" complex in Rio de Janeiro. The Army is also participating in operations out of Brazil in countries like Haiti. In situations like this, the armed forces take over the coordination of public security temporarily to recover the control of certain areas. Since the armed forces were not originally created to act in situations like this, there is a need to train all military stakeholders involved so that the operations are successful. Additionally, major events like the Confederations Cup, the World Cup in 2014 and the Olympics in 2016, generate additional demands for the armed forces, which are likely to be called to act at specific times. Moreover, it is noteworthy that there is a growing trend in which conflicts around the world occur, more than ever, inside the cities, where civilians take great risk and suffer many casualties, something called as “collateral damage” of the urban warfare. Recent examples include Afghanistan and Iraq. In this work, the preparation of soldiers at CIOpGLO is discussed while the possibility of using new approaches based on augmented reality and mixed reality technologies are considered. As a way to enhance training and mission preparation with simulations, this research focus on augmented reality (AR) supported by head-mounted displays (HMDs). HDMs may have many shapes, which include pairs of glasses with lenses that present AR with superposed images, enabling its wearer a total immersion in the simulation. The method used in this work involves a literature review on AR and HMDs, assessment of training needs at the Brazilian Army and an evaluation of emerging technologies from the ICT sector. The technologies to be considered are the HDMs, in this specific case the available programming languages, software and hardware from suppliers of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) and military off-the-shelf (MOTS). The main contribution of this work is the comparative study of the main solutions for HDM. This study represents an essential step for concept development and for the experimentation to exploit and evaluate the use of simulations. The research presented suggests that the approach is effective and that future work should be on both development of new applications and its evaluation in real training sets in Brazil.
According to recent studies on simulations and military training, the following paper intents to ... more According to recent studies on simulations and military training, the following paper intents to demonstrate that live simulations are the best tool to ensure a troop's combat readiness. Military maneuver exercises, foot marches and practical shooting stages are a few examples, but they must provide high reality levels in order to ensure the trainees' immersion; otherwise they might not prepare them psychologically, without testing their abilities under real stress and fear, usual components of a battlefield. Therefore, this research is based on the results achieved during Brazilian Army's simulations that took place at the Centro de Instrução de Operações de Garantia da Lei e da Ordem (CIOpGLO), a military training center focused on urban and law enforcement operations. Five live simulations are explored in this article-two urban offensive operations, one strong point defensive operation, one urban ostensible patrolling operation and one stress fire stage-, all coordinated by CIOpGLO's team. They had the main objective of creating fully immersible environments, inducting the trainees into combat stress with a wide use of paintball markers, sound devices and explosives. These resources, combined with a special methodology named " realism infusion " , have granted excellent results, leading the simulations' attendants to unforgettable experiences, with many tactical lessons learned and, most important of all, the development of their affective attributes, specifically self-control, courage and leadership.
According to recent studies on simulations and military training, the following paper intents to ... more According to recent studies on simulations and military training, the following paper intents to demonstrate that live simulations are the best tool to ensure a troop's combat readiness. Military maneuver exercises, foot marches and practical shooting stages are a few examples, but they must provide high reality levels in order to ensure the trainees' immersion; otherwise they might not prepare them psychologically, without testing their abilities under real stress, usual component of a battlefield. Therefore, this research is based on the results achieved during Brazilian Army's simulations that took place at the Centro de Instrução de Operações de Garantia da Lei e da Ordem (CIOpGLO), a military training center focused on urban and law enforcement operations. Three live simulations are explored in this article-urban ostensible patrolling operation, stress fire stage and urban offensive operation-, all coordinated by CIOpGLO's team and each tested more than twice, in a total of eight experiences analysed. They had the main objective of creating fully immersible environments, inducting the trainees into combat stress with a wide use of paintball markers, sound devices and explosives. These resources, combined with a special methodology named " Realism Infusion " , have granted excellent results, leading the simulations' attendants to unforgettable experiences, with many tactical lessons learned and, most important of all, the development of their affective attributes, specifically self-control, courage and leadership.
RESUMO Simulações desempenham um papel importante no treinamento militar. Jun-tando-se as possibi... more RESUMO Simulações desempenham um papel importante no treinamento militar. Jun-tando-se as possibilidades da Realidade Aumentada com as necessidades do trei-namento militar, é possível conceber um novo tipo de simulação. Os atuais simula-dores virtuais de tiro que usam grandes telas imersivas podem ter um alto nível de precisão e um bom uso de gráficos e de inteligência artificial, mas eles ainda exi-gem que o usuário se mova de maneira não-natural para visualizar e interagir com o ambiente virtual. Em outras palavras, este tipo de simulação ainda se assemelha a um videogame para alguns usuários. Mas e se os soldados pudessem usar cená-rios reais em uma cidade simulada, tendo que se mover rapidamente, proteger-se atrás de obstáculos, e evitar tiros disparados por inimigos virtuais? Neste texto, a combinação de algumas tecnologias é sugerida considerando-se as diferentes aplicações potenciais de serious games na formação militar. A intenção é apresen-tar uma perspectiva brasileira sobre como conceber uma simulação realista para treinamento militar, que seria mais exigente fisicamente e mais envolvente do que uma simples simulação de point-and-shoot. ABSTRACT Simulations play an important role in military training. If someone joins the possibilities of Augmented Reality with the needs of military training, it is possible to conceive a new kind of simulation. Today's virtual shooting simulators that use large immersive screens may have a high level of precision and a good use of graphics and artificial intelligence but they still lack the need of the user to move himself or herself, to use cover correctly, or specially to interact with the environment. In other words, they still feel as a video game for some users. But what if soldiers could use real-life scenarios in a simulated city, having to move fast, dash into cover, and avoid fire shot by virtual enemies? In this text, the combination of some technologies is
The Instruction Centre for Operations on Law and Order Assurance (CIOpGLO) is a Brazilian Army fa... more The Instruction Centre for Operations on Law and Order Assurance (CIOpGLO) is a Brazilian Army facility created in March 2005 in Campinas, Brazil. The mission of this centre involves the offering of training in different perspectives, which includes the preparation of soldiers to enter in slums areas in Rio de Janeiro and other cities to arrest criminals, whenever a federal intervention is required. This centre is involved in training to guarantee law and order and, at the same time, prepare officers and soldiers for interventions even in urban areas. To allow such training, this facility counts with physical built sites to allow soldiers to train how to get inside houses, how to shoot at short ranges (from 0 to 30 meters), how to move and shelter while going up in a hill with many houses and corridors on the way, and so on. The Brazilian Army, in the last few years, started operating in slums like the ones of the "Alemão" and the "Penha" complex in Rio de Janeiro. The Army is also participating in operations out of Brazil in countries like Haiti. In situations like this, the armed forces take over the coordination of public security temporarily to recover the control of certain areas. Since the armed forces were not originally created to act in situations like this, there is a need to train all military stakeholders involved so that the operations are successful. Additionally, major events like the Confederations Cup, the World Cup in 2014 and the Olympics in 2016, generate additional demands for the armed forces, which are likely to be called to act at specific times. Moreover, it is noteworthy that there is a growing trend in which conflicts around the world occur, more than ever, inside the cities, where civilians take great risk and suffer many casualties, something called as “collateral damage” of the urban warfare. Recent examples include Afghanistan and Iraq. In this work, the preparation of soldiers at CIOpGLO is discussed while the possibility of using new approaches based on augmented reality and mixed reality technologies are considered. As a way to enhance training and mission preparation with simulations, this research focus on augmented reality (AR) supported by head-mounted displays (HMDs). HDMs may have many shapes, which include pairs of glasses with lenses that present AR with superposed images, enabling its wearer a total immersion in the simulation. The method used in this work involves a literature review on AR and HMDs, assessment of training needs at the Brazilian Army and an evaluation of emerging technologies from the ICT sector. The technologies to be considered are the HDMs, in this specific case the available programming languages, software and hardware from suppliers of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) and military off-the-shelf (MOTS). The main contribution of this work is the comparative study of the main solutions for HDM. This study represents an essential step for concept development and for the experimentation to exploit and evaluate the use of simulations. The research presented suggests that the approach is effective and that future work should be on both development of new applications and its evaluation in real training sets in Brazil.
According to recent studies on simulations and military training, the following paper intents to ... more According to recent studies on simulations and military training, the following paper intents to demonstrate that live simulations are the best tool to ensure a troop's combat readiness. Military maneuver exercises, foot marches and practical shooting stages are a few examples, but they must provide high reality levels in order to ensure the trainees' immersion; otherwise they might not prepare them psychologically, without testing their abilities under real stress and fear, usual components of a battlefield. Therefore, this research is based on the results achieved during Brazilian Army's simulations that took place at the Centro de Instrução de Operações de Garantia da Lei e da Ordem (CIOpGLO), a military training center focused on urban and law enforcement operations. Five live simulations are explored in this article-two urban offensive operations, one strong point defensive operation, one urban ostensible patrolling operation and one stress fire stage-, all coordinated by CIOpGLO's team. They had the main objective of creating fully immersible environments, inducting the trainees into combat stress with a wide use of paintball markers, sound devices and explosives. These resources, combined with a special methodology named " realism infusion " , have granted excellent results, leading the simulations' attendants to unforgettable experiences, with many tactical lessons learned and, most important of all, the development of their affective attributes, specifically self-control, courage and leadership.
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