Organophosphorus pesticides are the most widely and commonly used insecticides worldwide. Toxicit... more Organophosphorus pesticides are the most widely and commonly used insecticides worldwide. Toxicity and impact of Dichlorvos, an organophosphate pesticide polluting aquatic ecosystems as a potential toxicant was reviewed. This article summarized the LC 50 values of dichlorvos to various fish species and significant findings pertaining to its lethal and sublethal toxic effects in various aspects of ecotoxicological perturbations in fish which can be viewed as biomarkers of pesticide toxicity. These biomarkers reported due to toxic effect of the dichlorvos can be used to monitor pollution risk assessment in aquatic ecosystems.
International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies, 2016
Fish that are predators of the immature stages of mosquitoes are referred to as larvivorous fish.... more Fish that are predators of the immature stages of mosquitoes are referred to as larvivorous fish. Among all the biological control agents, larvivorous fish are most common and widely used in vector control management. A survey was conducted in Lake Kolleru with an objective to document the larvivorous fish fauna available in the lake which revealed the occurrence of 29 species of larvivorous fish from 6 orders, 14 families and 20 genera. Order mugiliformes was the most dominant group with 9 species and cyprinidae was the dominant family with 8 species. According to the IUCN (2015) red list of threatened species, 89.65% of species are at least concern, 3.44% are at near threatened, 3.44% are not assessed and for 3.44% of species data is deficient. As per the CAMP report (1998), 10 species are at lower risk near threatened, 1 at lower risk least concern, 5 are vulnerable, 12 are not evaluated and for 1 species data is deficient. Out of 29 larvivorous fish, 14 species are very common, ...
Aspartate and Alanine transaminases (ASAT&ALAT) are widely distributed in the cells of all animal... more Aspartate and Alanine transaminases (ASAT&ALAT) are widely distributed in the cells of all animals and serve to link the carbohydrate and protein metabolism by interconverting dynamic substances. Freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio were exposed to sublethal concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20% of 96hLC50) of synthetic pyrethroid, cypermethrin (25% EC) for 2, 4, 6 and 8 days and analysed the activity of ASAT and ALAT in gill, muscle and liver. The activities of ASAT and ALAT were increased in all the tissues and dose as well as exposure period depended and statistically significant (*P>0.05) alterations were observed. Enhanced activities of these enzymes during the toxic stress of cypermethrin resulting in incorporation of amino acids into TCA cycle for energy production.
A survey was conducted on biodiversity of fish fauna and their conservation status of a freshwate... more A survey was conducted on biodiversity of fish fauna and their conservation status of a freshwater river, Sarada in Visakhapatnam District of Andhra Pradesh, India with an objective to make a complete inventory of freshwater fishes and assess their conservation status. Regular bi-monthly sampling was conducted from January, 2011 to December, 2012 by using different nets with the help of artisanal fishermen. Fishes were also collected from local fish markets. We have collected 66 fish species belonging to 9 orders, 22 families and 38 genera. Order Cypriniformes was the dominant group with 26 species followed by Siluriformes and Mugiliformes each with 11 species, Perciformes with 7 species, Anguilliformes, Cyprinodontiformes and Mastacembeliformes each with 3 species and Osteoglossiformes and Elopiformes each with 1 species. Out of 66 species, 3 species are near threatened, 3 vulnerable, 4 at lower risk near threatened, 1 at lower risk least concern, 37 least concern, 15 not evaluated...
Pesticides are one of the most potentially harmful toxicants introduced into the aquatic environm... more Pesticides are one of the most potentially harmful toxicants introduced into the aquatic environment. Aquatic ecosystems that run through agricultural areas have high probability of pesticide contamination by runoff and leaching. Synthetic pyrethroid pesticides are preferred above organophosphates, carbamates and organochlorines as these have high efficiency, low mammalian toxicity and easy biodegradability. Type II pyrethroids such as cypermethrin are more effective, available as emulsifiable concentrates which keeps it in solution longer and are usually 2-9 times more toxic than the technical grade forms, most likely due to synergistic interactions. Due to its indiscriminate use, cypermethrin makes their entrance into natural water bodies and ultimately affects the several nontarget aquatic organisms such as fish by inhibiting growth, metabolism, histopathology, hematology and thus adversely affects its meat quality and population. Fish responding to the changes in their environme...
A survey was conducted aimed at assessing the indigenous fishing methods adopted by the fishermen... more A survey was conducted aimed at assessing the indigenous fishing methods adopted by the fishermen in Lake Kolleru, a wetland of International importance and the only Ramsar site from Andhra Pradesh. Information was collected by participatory rapid appraisal covering fifteen fishermen villages in around the lake and field visits. Study indicated that a diverse range of fishing implements and methods have been evolved over a long period of time by the fishermen of Lake Kolleru to capture different types of fish and commercial exploitation of the lake. Indigenous fishing gears comprising gill nets, cast nets, traps, etc., have been discussed recorded during the study. It is evident that dugout canoe, plank built boats are the most extensively used craft and cast net, traps are commonly used implements in fish capture. Kampagudu and Gaya are the unique, indigenous and assured methods of capturing fishes in the lake. No destructive methods are used in lake for fish capture.
Histopathological changes due to various pesticides have been extensively studied in different fi... more Histopathological changes due to various pesticides have been extensively studied in different fish species. Histopathological studies have already been tested and proposed as efficient and sensitive tools for the monitoring of fish health and environmental pollution in natural water bodies. Organs like gill, liver, intestine and kidney are the best suited organs for histopathological observations. The toxic potential of cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid was reviewed with emphasis on histopathological effects in various fish species. Data provided in this review could be useful in environmental management of pesticide pollution.
Ornamental fish diversity of Lake Kolleru, a freshwater wetland of International importance and t... more Ornamental fish diversity of Lake Kolleru, a freshwater wetland of International importance and the only Ramsar site designated from Andhra Pradesh was studied from January, 2011 to December, 2011. In the one year study period fifty eight species of ornamental fish were recorded. Order cypriniformes was dominant with 17 species followed by siluriformes, perciformes and mugiliformes each with 10 species, cyprinodontiformes and mastacembeliformes each with 3 species, anguilliformes with 2 species and osteoglossiformes, elopiformes and tetraodontiformes each with 1 species. Family cyprinidae was dominant with 10 genera and genus Puntius was dominant with 7 species. IUCN (2011) and CAMP (1988) conservation status of each fish was listed. Out of 58 species 5.17% of fish are vulnerable, 5.17% are near threatened, 6.89% are at lower risk and near threatened, 1.72% are at lower risk and least concern, 51.72% are least concern as per IUCN (2011) status and 6.89% are endangered, 17.24% are vu...
ABSTRACT Ichthyofaunal survey of river Champavathi in Vizianagaram of Andhra Pradesh, India was c... more ABSTRACT Ichthyofaunal survey of river Champavathi in Vizianagaram of Andhra Pradesh, India was conducted to assess the diversity of fish fauna, their conservation status and anthropogenic stress on the river. Results of the present study revealed the occurrence of 63 species from 9 orders, 22 families and 41 genera. Cypriniformes was the most dominant order with 23 species followed by siluriformes and mugiliformes each with 11, perciformes with 7, anguilliformes, cyprinodontiformes and mastacembeliformes each with 3 and osteoglossiformes and elopiformes each with 1 species. Among the families recorded, cyprinidae was the most dominant. Among the fishes collected, 13 species are abundant, 15 moderate, 23 common and 12 species are rare. Results showed the presence of 46 species of food fish, 49 ornamental, 13 cultivable and 6 sport fish. Out of 63 species 6.34% are near threatened, 4.76% are vulnerable, 7.93% are at lower risk and 53.96% are least concern as per the report of the Conservation, Assessment and Management Plan workshop on freshwater fishes of India, 6.34% are endangered, 20.63% are vulnerable and 39.68% are at lower risk. Habitat loss, pollution, over fishing and over exploitation are the major threats causing biodiversity loss of fish in the river of which habitat loss is the most contributing factor. Keywords: Ichthyofaunal diversity, Conservation Status, Anthropogenic stress, River Champavathi
Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 2012
Histopathological alterations in gill, liver and kidney of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, intoxica... more Histopathological alterations in gill, liver and kidney of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, intoxicated with sub-lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos (O,O,-diethyl-O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate) pesticide (1 and 100 μg/L) for a period of 14 days were analyzed under light microscope. Gill exhibited hyperplasia and hypertrophy of gill epithelium, blood congestion, dilation of marginal channel, epithelial lifting, lamellar fusion, lamellar disorganization, lamellar aneurysm, rupture of the lamellar epithelium, rupture of pillar cells and necrosis. Alterations in hepatocytes were more pronounced, including nuclear and cellular hypertrophy, cellular atrophy, irregular contour of cells and nucleus, cytoplasmic vacuolation, cytoplasmic and nuclear degeneration, cellular rupture, pyknotic nucleus, necrosis and melanomacrophages aggregations. Histopathological lesions in kidney were cellular and nuclear hypertrophy, narrowing of tubular lumen, cytoplasmic vacuolation, hyaline droplet degeneration, nuclear degeneration, occlusion of tubular lumen, tubular regeneration, dilation of glomerular capillaries, degeneration of glomerulus and hemorrhage in Bowman's space. The most significant conclusion drawn from this study was that with the increased concentration and duration the toxicosis of chlorpyrifos would be enhanced as shown through the analysis of mean assessment value (MAV) and degree of tissue changes (DTC) also.
Aminotransferases mobilize the amino acids into carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. ASAT and ALAT ... more Aminotransferases mobilize the amino acids into carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. ASAT and ALAT are two important enzymes mainly involved in the inter-conversion of important compounds such as pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and aminoacids thus bringing the protein and carbohydrate metabolism on one hand and alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid on the other. A study was conducted to assess the activity levels enzymes Aspartate amino transferase and Alanine amino transferase in three tissues (gill, muscle and liver) of Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.) exposed to sublethal concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20% 96h LC50) for 2, 4, 6 and 8 days. The activities of ASAT and ALAT were increased in all the tissues with an increase in exposure period. The increased levels of amino transferases might be due to tissue damage under cypermethrin stress in C. mrigala. The dose as well as exposure period dependant alterations were observed.
International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 2015
An attempt has been made to assess the acute toxic effect of Cypermethrin (25%EC) on LDH, GDH and... more An attempt has been made to assess the acute toxic effect of Cypermethrin (25%EC) on LDH, GDH and AChE in different tissues of Cyprinus carpio. Fishes were exposed to sub lethal concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20 per cent of 96h LC50 value) of cypermethrin for three different exposure periods, 5, 10 and 15 days. Activity levels of LDH, GDH were found to increase in all the tissues of the fish. Maximum percentage of elevation in LDH activity was (74.29%) in liver and minimum elevation was (19.74%) in kidney at 15 days and 15% 96h LC50. Initial increase was decreased in all the tissues studied at 20% 96h LC50 at all the exposure periods. Maximum percentage of elevation in GDH activity was (23.95%) in liver and minimum elevation was (19.04%) in kidney 15 days and 15% 96h LC50. Increase was decreased in all the tissues studied at 20% 96h LC50 at all the exposure periods. Activity levels of AChE were found to decrease in all the tissues. Maximum percentage of decrement in AChE activity was...
Organophosphorus pesticides are the most widely and commonly used insecticides worldwide. Toxicit... more Organophosphorus pesticides are the most widely and commonly used insecticides worldwide. Toxicity and impact of Dichlorvos, an organophosphate pesticide polluting aquatic ecosystems as a potential toxicant was reviewed. This article summarized the LC 50 values of dichlorvos to various fish species and significant findings pertaining to its lethal and sublethal toxic effects in various aspects of ecotoxicological perturbations in fish which can be viewed as biomarkers of pesticide toxicity. These biomarkers reported due to toxic effect of the dichlorvos can be used to monitor pollution risk assessment in aquatic ecosystems.
A survey was conducted aimed at assessing the indigenous fishing methods adopted by the fishermen... more A survey was conducted aimed at assessing the indigenous fishing methods adopted by the fishermen in Lake Kolleru, a wet land of International importance and the only Ramsar site from Andhra Pradesh. Information was collected by participatory rapid appraisal covering fifteen fishermen villages in around the lake and field visits. Study indicated that a diverse range of fishing gears and methods have been evolved over a long period of time by the fishermen of Lake Kolleru to capture a wide range of fish species and commercial exploitation of the lake. Indigenous fishing gears comprising gill nets, cast nets, traps, etc., have been discussed recorded during the study. It is evident that Dugout canoe, plank built boats are the most extensively used craft and cast net, traps are commonly used implements in fish capture. Among all indigenous fishing devices Kampagudu and Gaya are the unique and assured method of capturing fishes in the lake. No destructive methods are used in lake for fish capture.
Cyperkill 25%EC is a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide widely used in Guntur district for pest contr... more Cyperkill 25%EC is a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide widely used in Guntur district for pest control in agri ventures due to its effective control against different pest species in a definitive and constant way with low cost. Its presence in freshwater environs is very common in this area. Contamination of aquatic ecosystems with this toxicant affects all groups of aquatic fauna including fish which are non target biota. A static-renewal bioassay was conducted to assess the acute and sublethal toxicity of cypermethrin on some haematological parameters of white carp (Cirrhinus mrigala). Juveniles of experimental fish were exposed for lethal (96 h LC50 i.e. 4.23μg/L) and sublethal (1/10th of 96 h LC50 i.e. 0.423μg/L for 5, 10 and 15 days) concentrations of cypermethrin. Decreased tendency at both lethal and sublethal concentrations was evident in RBC count, Hb content and PCV. At the same time an increasing trend in WBC count and MCHC at sublethal and decreasing trend at lethal concentration. MCV and MCH values were elevated at both lethal and sublethal concentrations. Toxicity derived alterations observed in haematological indices during this study led to a conclusion that the cypermethrin has detrimental effect on the test fish and its presence in an aquatic environment may severely threaten the health of the ecosystem and its living component.
Organophosphorus pesticides are the most widely and commonly used insecticides worldwide. Toxicit... more Organophosphorus pesticides are the most widely and commonly used insecticides worldwide. Toxicity and impact of Dichlorvos, an organophosphate pesticide polluting aquatic ecosystems as a potential toxicant was reviewed. This article summarized the LC 50 values of dichlorvos to various fish species and significant findings pertaining to its lethal and sublethal toxic effects in various aspects of ecotoxicological perturbations in fish which can be viewed as biomarkers of pesticide toxicity. These biomarkers reported due to toxic effect of the dichlorvos can be used to monitor pollution risk assessment in aquatic ecosystems.
International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies, 2016
Fish that are predators of the immature stages of mosquitoes are referred to as larvivorous fish.... more Fish that are predators of the immature stages of mosquitoes are referred to as larvivorous fish. Among all the biological control agents, larvivorous fish are most common and widely used in vector control management. A survey was conducted in Lake Kolleru with an objective to document the larvivorous fish fauna available in the lake which revealed the occurrence of 29 species of larvivorous fish from 6 orders, 14 families and 20 genera. Order mugiliformes was the most dominant group with 9 species and cyprinidae was the dominant family with 8 species. According to the IUCN (2015) red list of threatened species, 89.65% of species are at least concern, 3.44% are at near threatened, 3.44% are not assessed and for 3.44% of species data is deficient. As per the CAMP report (1998), 10 species are at lower risk near threatened, 1 at lower risk least concern, 5 are vulnerable, 12 are not evaluated and for 1 species data is deficient. Out of 29 larvivorous fish, 14 species are very common, ...
Aspartate and Alanine transaminases (ASAT&ALAT) are widely distributed in the cells of all animal... more Aspartate and Alanine transaminases (ASAT&ALAT) are widely distributed in the cells of all animals and serve to link the carbohydrate and protein metabolism by interconverting dynamic substances. Freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio were exposed to sublethal concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20% of 96hLC50) of synthetic pyrethroid, cypermethrin (25% EC) for 2, 4, 6 and 8 days and analysed the activity of ASAT and ALAT in gill, muscle and liver. The activities of ASAT and ALAT were increased in all the tissues and dose as well as exposure period depended and statistically significant (*P>0.05) alterations were observed. Enhanced activities of these enzymes during the toxic stress of cypermethrin resulting in incorporation of amino acids into TCA cycle for energy production.
A survey was conducted on biodiversity of fish fauna and their conservation status of a freshwate... more A survey was conducted on biodiversity of fish fauna and their conservation status of a freshwater river, Sarada in Visakhapatnam District of Andhra Pradesh, India with an objective to make a complete inventory of freshwater fishes and assess their conservation status. Regular bi-monthly sampling was conducted from January, 2011 to December, 2012 by using different nets with the help of artisanal fishermen. Fishes were also collected from local fish markets. We have collected 66 fish species belonging to 9 orders, 22 families and 38 genera. Order Cypriniformes was the dominant group with 26 species followed by Siluriformes and Mugiliformes each with 11 species, Perciformes with 7 species, Anguilliformes, Cyprinodontiformes and Mastacembeliformes each with 3 species and Osteoglossiformes and Elopiformes each with 1 species. Out of 66 species, 3 species are near threatened, 3 vulnerable, 4 at lower risk near threatened, 1 at lower risk least concern, 37 least concern, 15 not evaluated...
Pesticides are one of the most potentially harmful toxicants introduced into the aquatic environm... more Pesticides are one of the most potentially harmful toxicants introduced into the aquatic environment. Aquatic ecosystems that run through agricultural areas have high probability of pesticide contamination by runoff and leaching. Synthetic pyrethroid pesticides are preferred above organophosphates, carbamates and organochlorines as these have high efficiency, low mammalian toxicity and easy biodegradability. Type II pyrethroids such as cypermethrin are more effective, available as emulsifiable concentrates which keeps it in solution longer and are usually 2-9 times more toxic than the technical grade forms, most likely due to synergistic interactions. Due to its indiscriminate use, cypermethrin makes their entrance into natural water bodies and ultimately affects the several nontarget aquatic organisms such as fish by inhibiting growth, metabolism, histopathology, hematology and thus adversely affects its meat quality and population. Fish responding to the changes in their environme...
A survey was conducted aimed at assessing the indigenous fishing methods adopted by the fishermen... more A survey was conducted aimed at assessing the indigenous fishing methods adopted by the fishermen in Lake Kolleru, a wetland of International importance and the only Ramsar site from Andhra Pradesh. Information was collected by participatory rapid appraisal covering fifteen fishermen villages in around the lake and field visits. Study indicated that a diverse range of fishing implements and methods have been evolved over a long period of time by the fishermen of Lake Kolleru to capture different types of fish and commercial exploitation of the lake. Indigenous fishing gears comprising gill nets, cast nets, traps, etc., have been discussed recorded during the study. It is evident that dugout canoe, plank built boats are the most extensively used craft and cast net, traps are commonly used implements in fish capture. Kampagudu and Gaya are the unique, indigenous and assured methods of capturing fishes in the lake. No destructive methods are used in lake for fish capture.
Histopathological changes due to various pesticides have been extensively studied in different fi... more Histopathological changes due to various pesticides have been extensively studied in different fish species. Histopathological studies have already been tested and proposed as efficient and sensitive tools for the monitoring of fish health and environmental pollution in natural water bodies. Organs like gill, liver, intestine and kidney are the best suited organs for histopathological observations. The toxic potential of cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid was reviewed with emphasis on histopathological effects in various fish species. Data provided in this review could be useful in environmental management of pesticide pollution.
Ornamental fish diversity of Lake Kolleru, a freshwater wetland of International importance and t... more Ornamental fish diversity of Lake Kolleru, a freshwater wetland of International importance and the only Ramsar site designated from Andhra Pradesh was studied from January, 2011 to December, 2011. In the one year study period fifty eight species of ornamental fish were recorded. Order cypriniformes was dominant with 17 species followed by siluriformes, perciformes and mugiliformes each with 10 species, cyprinodontiformes and mastacembeliformes each with 3 species, anguilliformes with 2 species and osteoglossiformes, elopiformes and tetraodontiformes each with 1 species. Family cyprinidae was dominant with 10 genera and genus Puntius was dominant with 7 species. IUCN (2011) and CAMP (1988) conservation status of each fish was listed. Out of 58 species 5.17% of fish are vulnerable, 5.17% are near threatened, 6.89% are at lower risk and near threatened, 1.72% are at lower risk and least concern, 51.72% are least concern as per IUCN (2011) status and 6.89% are endangered, 17.24% are vu...
ABSTRACT Ichthyofaunal survey of river Champavathi in Vizianagaram of Andhra Pradesh, India was c... more ABSTRACT Ichthyofaunal survey of river Champavathi in Vizianagaram of Andhra Pradesh, India was conducted to assess the diversity of fish fauna, their conservation status and anthropogenic stress on the river. Results of the present study revealed the occurrence of 63 species from 9 orders, 22 families and 41 genera. Cypriniformes was the most dominant order with 23 species followed by siluriformes and mugiliformes each with 11, perciformes with 7, anguilliformes, cyprinodontiformes and mastacembeliformes each with 3 and osteoglossiformes and elopiformes each with 1 species. Among the families recorded, cyprinidae was the most dominant. Among the fishes collected, 13 species are abundant, 15 moderate, 23 common and 12 species are rare. Results showed the presence of 46 species of food fish, 49 ornamental, 13 cultivable and 6 sport fish. Out of 63 species 6.34% are near threatened, 4.76% are vulnerable, 7.93% are at lower risk and 53.96% are least concern as per the report of the Conservation, Assessment and Management Plan workshop on freshwater fishes of India, 6.34% are endangered, 20.63% are vulnerable and 39.68% are at lower risk. Habitat loss, pollution, over fishing and over exploitation are the major threats causing biodiversity loss of fish in the river of which habitat loss is the most contributing factor. Keywords: Ichthyofaunal diversity, Conservation Status, Anthropogenic stress, River Champavathi
Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 2012
Histopathological alterations in gill, liver and kidney of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, intoxica... more Histopathological alterations in gill, liver and kidney of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, intoxicated with sub-lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos (O,O,-diethyl-O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate) pesticide (1 and 100 μg/L) for a period of 14 days were analyzed under light microscope. Gill exhibited hyperplasia and hypertrophy of gill epithelium, blood congestion, dilation of marginal channel, epithelial lifting, lamellar fusion, lamellar disorganization, lamellar aneurysm, rupture of the lamellar epithelium, rupture of pillar cells and necrosis. Alterations in hepatocytes were more pronounced, including nuclear and cellular hypertrophy, cellular atrophy, irregular contour of cells and nucleus, cytoplasmic vacuolation, cytoplasmic and nuclear degeneration, cellular rupture, pyknotic nucleus, necrosis and melanomacrophages aggregations. Histopathological lesions in kidney were cellular and nuclear hypertrophy, narrowing of tubular lumen, cytoplasmic vacuolation, hyaline droplet degeneration, nuclear degeneration, occlusion of tubular lumen, tubular regeneration, dilation of glomerular capillaries, degeneration of glomerulus and hemorrhage in Bowman's space. The most significant conclusion drawn from this study was that with the increased concentration and duration the toxicosis of chlorpyrifos would be enhanced as shown through the analysis of mean assessment value (MAV) and degree of tissue changes (DTC) also.
Aminotransferases mobilize the amino acids into carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. ASAT and ALAT ... more Aminotransferases mobilize the amino acids into carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. ASAT and ALAT are two important enzymes mainly involved in the inter-conversion of important compounds such as pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and aminoacids thus bringing the protein and carbohydrate metabolism on one hand and alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid on the other. A study was conducted to assess the activity levels enzymes Aspartate amino transferase and Alanine amino transferase in three tissues (gill, muscle and liver) of Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.) exposed to sublethal concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20% 96h LC50) for 2, 4, 6 and 8 days. The activities of ASAT and ALAT were increased in all the tissues with an increase in exposure period. The increased levels of amino transferases might be due to tissue damage under cypermethrin stress in C. mrigala. The dose as well as exposure period dependant alterations were observed.
International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 2015
An attempt has been made to assess the acute toxic effect of Cypermethrin (25%EC) on LDH, GDH and... more An attempt has been made to assess the acute toxic effect of Cypermethrin (25%EC) on LDH, GDH and AChE in different tissues of Cyprinus carpio. Fishes were exposed to sub lethal concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20 per cent of 96h LC50 value) of cypermethrin for three different exposure periods, 5, 10 and 15 days. Activity levels of LDH, GDH were found to increase in all the tissues of the fish. Maximum percentage of elevation in LDH activity was (74.29%) in liver and minimum elevation was (19.74%) in kidney at 15 days and 15% 96h LC50. Initial increase was decreased in all the tissues studied at 20% 96h LC50 at all the exposure periods. Maximum percentage of elevation in GDH activity was (23.95%) in liver and minimum elevation was (19.04%) in kidney 15 days and 15% 96h LC50. Increase was decreased in all the tissues studied at 20% 96h LC50 at all the exposure periods. Activity levels of AChE were found to decrease in all the tissues. Maximum percentage of decrement in AChE activity was...
Organophosphorus pesticides are the most widely and commonly used insecticides worldwide. Toxicit... more Organophosphorus pesticides are the most widely and commonly used insecticides worldwide. Toxicity and impact of Dichlorvos, an organophosphate pesticide polluting aquatic ecosystems as a potential toxicant was reviewed. This article summarized the LC 50 values of dichlorvos to various fish species and significant findings pertaining to its lethal and sublethal toxic effects in various aspects of ecotoxicological perturbations in fish which can be viewed as biomarkers of pesticide toxicity. These biomarkers reported due to toxic effect of the dichlorvos can be used to monitor pollution risk assessment in aquatic ecosystems.
A survey was conducted aimed at assessing the indigenous fishing methods adopted by the fishermen... more A survey was conducted aimed at assessing the indigenous fishing methods adopted by the fishermen in Lake Kolleru, a wet land of International importance and the only Ramsar site from Andhra Pradesh. Information was collected by participatory rapid appraisal covering fifteen fishermen villages in around the lake and field visits. Study indicated that a diverse range of fishing gears and methods have been evolved over a long period of time by the fishermen of Lake Kolleru to capture a wide range of fish species and commercial exploitation of the lake. Indigenous fishing gears comprising gill nets, cast nets, traps, etc., have been discussed recorded during the study. It is evident that Dugout canoe, plank built boats are the most extensively used craft and cast net, traps are commonly used implements in fish capture. Among all indigenous fishing devices Kampagudu and Gaya are the unique and assured method of capturing fishes in the lake. No destructive methods are used in lake for fish capture.
Cyperkill 25%EC is a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide widely used in Guntur district for pest contr... more Cyperkill 25%EC is a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide widely used in Guntur district for pest control in agri ventures due to its effective control against different pest species in a definitive and constant way with low cost. Its presence in freshwater environs is very common in this area. Contamination of aquatic ecosystems with this toxicant affects all groups of aquatic fauna including fish which are non target biota. A static-renewal bioassay was conducted to assess the acute and sublethal toxicity of cypermethrin on some haematological parameters of white carp (Cirrhinus mrigala). Juveniles of experimental fish were exposed for lethal (96 h LC50 i.e. 4.23μg/L) and sublethal (1/10th of 96 h LC50 i.e. 0.423μg/L for 5, 10 and 15 days) concentrations of cypermethrin. Decreased tendency at both lethal and sublethal concentrations was evident in RBC count, Hb content and PCV. At the same time an increasing trend in WBC count and MCHC at sublethal and decreasing trend at lethal concentration. MCV and MCH values were elevated at both lethal and sublethal concentrations. Toxicity derived alterations observed in haematological indices during this study led to a conclusion that the cypermethrin has detrimental effect on the test fish and its presence in an aquatic environment may severely threaten the health of the ecosystem and its living component.
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