AimThe Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM is one of the most used diagnostic instruments i... more AimThe Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM is one of the most used diagnostic instruments in clinical research worldwide. The current Clinician Version of the instrument (SCID‐5‐CV) has not yet been assessed in respect to its psychometric qualities. We aimed to assess the clinical validity and different reliability indicators (interrater test–retest, joint interview, face‐to‐face vs telephone application) of the SCID‐5‐CV in a large sample of 180 non‐prototypical and psychiatric patients based on interviews conducted by raters with different levels of clinical experience.MethodsThe SCID‐5‐CV was administered face‐to‐face and by telephone by 12 psychiatrists/psychologists who took turns as raters and observers. Clinical diagnoses were established according to DSM‐5 criteria and the longitudinal, expert, all data (LEAD) procedure. We calculated the percentage of agreement, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, and the level of agreement (kappa) for diagnostic categories and sp...
VEGF is an important neurotrophic and vascular factor involved in mental disorders. The objective... more VEGF is an important neurotrophic and vascular factor involved in mental disorders. The objective of this study was to verify the effect of genetic polymorphisms in the VEGF pathway on the risk for depression, symptom intensity, and suicide attempts. To examine the association between the VEGF pathway and depression, we genotyped polymorphisms and measured the plasma concentrations of VEGF, KDR, and FLT1 proteins. The participants were 160 patients with depression and 114 healthy controls. The questionnaires that assessed the clinical profile of the patients were the MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, GRID-HAMD21, CTQ, BSI, and the number of suicide attempts. Genotyping of participants was performed using the real-time PCR and protein measurements were performed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). VEGF and its inhibitors were reduced in depression. Individuals with depression and displaying the homozygous AA of the rs699947 polymorphism had higher plasma...
Few studies have assessed biomarkers for the differentiation of major depressive disorder (MDD) a... more Few studies have assessed biomarkers for the differentiation of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). However, some elements of depression such as hormones and receptors of the renin–angiotensin–adrenal system (RAAS), the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, and history of early-life stress (ELS) could be considered for differential diagnosis. Therefore, this study aimed to assess aldosterone and cortisol levels, MR and GR gene polymorphisms, and ELS as potential biomarkers for differentiating MDD and BD. This study presents a case–control design. Groups comprised samples for genetic, cortisol, and aldosterone analysis: healthy control (HC; n = 113/97/103), MDD (n = 78/69/67) and BD (n = 82/68/65) subjects. Furthermore, all subjects were assessed for diagnostic screening, the severity of depression, and history of ELS by applying MINI-PLUS, GRID-HDRS, and CTQ, respectively. In addition, genotype and allelic frequencies of GR (N363S, R22/23K and BclI) and M...
Introdução: Crescentes evidências indicam que o abandono e o abuso infantis são fatores de risco ... more Introdução: Crescentes evidências indicam que o abandono e o abuso infantis são fatores de risco para transtornos psiquiátricos. Estudos realizados tanto em animais como em humanos sugerem que o estresse nas fases iniciais de desenvolvimento pode induzir alterações persistentes na capacidade do eixo HPA em responder ao estresse na vida adulta e que esse mecanismo pode levar a uma maior suscetibilidade à depressão. Esta desregulação do eixo HPA parece estar relacionada às mudanças na capacidade dos glicocorticóides circulantes em exercer seu feedback negativo na secreção dos hormônios do eixo HPA por meio da ligação aos receptores de mineralocorticóides (MR) e glicocorticóides (GR) nos tecidos do eixo HPA. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resposta do eixo HPA frente aos agonistas e antagonistas dos GR e MR em pacientes depressivos com e sem estresse precoce (EP) e controles. Metodologia: Selecionamos uma amostra total de 75 sujeitos composta por um grupo de pacientes...
O objetivo deste artigo e introduzir o aluno de graduacao na area da saude, em especial o aluno d... more O objetivo deste artigo e introduzir o aluno de graduacao na area da saude, em especial o aluno de Medicina, no campo da psicofarmacoterapia para o tratamento dos transtornos mentais. Para isso, serao revisados os principais psicofarmacos utilizados na atualidade, seus mecanismos de acao, suas indica- coes e contra-indicacoes, seus efeitos colaterais, oferecendo ainda diretrizes para o seu uso na pratica clinica diaria
Received in: 04/24/06; approved in: 07/07/06 inTRoDUcTion Although autologous nervous graft is a ... more Received in: 04/24/06; approved in: 07/07/06 inTRoDUcTion Although autologous nervous graft is a treatment alternative for nervous injuries in which primary repair cannot be made without using excessive tension, some difficulties exist in using this technique, such as the adjustment of graft’s length and diameter. Numerous attempts have been made intending to induce nervous regeneration in nerve defects using non-biological materials, such as silicone tubes (1,2,3). However, non-biological materials’ ability to induce nervous regeneration has been considered inappropriate, and the development of artificial nerves combining cells, such as the Schwann’s cells(4,5) and neurothrophic factors(6,7) together with non-biological materials has currently been broadly used. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of bone marrow cells, platelet-rich plasma, and the combination of both on peripheral nerves regeneration compared to techniques currently in use for peripheral ne...
AimThe Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM is one of the most used diagnostic instruments i... more AimThe Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM is one of the most used diagnostic instruments in clinical research worldwide. The current Clinician Version of the instrument (SCID‐5‐CV) has not yet been assessed in respect to its psychometric qualities. We aimed to assess the clinical validity and different reliability indicators (interrater test–retest, joint interview, face‐to‐face vs telephone application) of the SCID‐5‐CV in a large sample of 180 non‐prototypical and psychiatric patients based on interviews conducted by raters with different levels of clinical experience.MethodsThe SCID‐5‐CV was administered face‐to‐face and by telephone by 12 psychiatrists/psychologists who took turns as raters and observers. Clinical diagnoses were established according to DSM‐5 criteria and the longitudinal, expert, all data (LEAD) procedure. We calculated the percentage of agreement, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, and the level of agreement (kappa) for diagnostic categories and sp...
VEGF is an important neurotrophic and vascular factor involved in mental disorders. The objective... more VEGF is an important neurotrophic and vascular factor involved in mental disorders. The objective of this study was to verify the effect of genetic polymorphisms in the VEGF pathway on the risk for depression, symptom intensity, and suicide attempts. To examine the association between the VEGF pathway and depression, we genotyped polymorphisms and measured the plasma concentrations of VEGF, KDR, and FLT1 proteins. The participants were 160 patients with depression and 114 healthy controls. The questionnaires that assessed the clinical profile of the patients were the MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, GRID-HAMD21, CTQ, BSI, and the number of suicide attempts. Genotyping of participants was performed using the real-time PCR and protein measurements were performed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). VEGF and its inhibitors were reduced in depression. Individuals with depression and displaying the homozygous AA of the rs699947 polymorphism had higher plasma...
Few studies have assessed biomarkers for the differentiation of major depressive disorder (MDD) a... more Few studies have assessed biomarkers for the differentiation of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). However, some elements of depression such as hormones and receptors of the renin–angiotensin–adrenal system (RAAS), the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, and history of early-life stress (ELS) could be considered for differential diagnosis. Therefore, this study aimed to assess aldosterone and cortisol levels, MR and GR gene polymorphisms, and ELS as potential biomarkers for differentiating MDD and BD. This study presents a case–control design. Groups comprised samples for genetic, cortisol, and aldosterone analysis: healthy control (HC; n = 113/97/103), MDD (n = 78/69/67) and BD (n = 82/68/65) subjects. Furthermore, all subjects were assessed for diagnostic screening, the severity of depression, and history of ELS by applying MINI-PLUS, GRID-HDRS, and CTQ, respectively. In addition, genotype and allelic frequencies of GR (N363S, R22/23K and BclI) and M...
Introdução: Crescentes evidências indicam que o abandono e o abuso infantis são fatores de risco ... more Introdução: Crescentes evidências indicam que o abandono e o abuso infantis são fatores de risco para transtornos psiquiátricos. Estudos realizados tanto em animais como em humanos sugerem que o estresse nas fases iniciais de desenvolvimento pode induzir alterações persistentes na capacidade do eixo HPA em responder ao estresse na vida adulta e que esse mecanismo pode levar a uma maior suscetibilidade à depressão. Esta desregulação do eixo HPA parece estar relacionada às mudanças na capacidade dos glicocorticóides circulantes em exercer seu feedback negativo na secreção dos hormônios do eixo HPA por meio da ligação aos receptores de mineralocorticóides (MR) e glicocorticóides (GR) nos tecidos do eixo HPA. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resposta do eixo HPA frente aos agonistas e antagonistas dos GR e MR em pacientes depressivos com e sem estresse precoce (EP) e controles. Metodologia: Selecionamos uma amostra total de 75 sujeitos composta por um grupo de pacientes...
O objetivo deste artigo e introduzir o aluno de graduacao na area da saude, em especial o aluno d... more O objetivo deste artigo e introduzir o aluno de graduacao na area da saude, em especial o aluno de Medicina, no campo da psicofarmacoterapia para o tratamento dos transtornos mentais. Para isso, serao revisados os principais psicofarmacos utilizados na atualidade, seus mecanismos de acao, suas indica- coes e contra-indicacoes, seus efeitos colaterais, oferecendo ainda diretrizes para o seu uso na pratica clinica diaria
Received in: 04/24/06; approved in: 07/07/06 inTRoDUcTion Although autologous nervous graft is a ... more Received in: 04/24/06; approved in: 07/07/06 inTRoDUcTion Although autologous nervous graft is a treatment alternative for nervous injuries in which primary repair cannot be made without using excessive tension, some difficulties exist in using this technique, such as the adjustment of graft’s length and diameter. Numerous attempts have been made intending to induce nervous regeneration in nerve defects using non-biological materials, such as silicone tubes (1,2,3). However, non-biological materials’ ability to induce nervous regeneration has been considered inappropriate, and the development of artificial nerves combining cells, such as the Schwann’s cells(4,5) and neurothrophic factors(6,7) together with non-biological materials has currently been broadly used. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of bone marrow cells, platelet-rich plasma, and the combination of both on peripheral nerves regeneration compared to techniques currently in use for peripheral ne...
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