A national survey of 459 women surgeons yielded a 91.3 percent response rate. The largest subspec... more A national survey of 459 women surgeons yielded a 91.3 percent response rate. The largest subspecialties were obstetrics-gynecology (41 percent), ophthalmology (21 percent), and general surgery (12 percent). Representation in all "other" surgical specialties was small (26 percent). A comparison of career and lifestyle patterns among the four major subspecialties demonstrated no differences in marital status, although ophthalmologists were least likely to remain childless (32 percent) and general surgeons most likely (58 percent). Surgeons in obstetrics-gynecology worked the longest hours, and those in ophthalmology worked the shortest hours. No subspecialty differences were reported in quality-of-life parameters.
Objective: To describe female surgeons' perceptions of discrimination against them as women durin... more Objective: To describe female surgeons' perceptions of discrimination against them as women during the selection and training process and in career development and advancement, and to describe trends over time. Design: Population survey of practising Canadian female surgeons. Setting: Canada. Participants: All 459 female members in good standing of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada or the Corporation professionnelle des médecins du Québec, or both, practising in Canada as of March 1990. Participants completed a survey between March 1990 and May 1992, the response rate was 91% (419/459). Outcome measures: Reported levels of discrimination during selection and training and in career development and advancement, institutional policies on maternity leave and job sharing, and the existence of female role models or mentors. Results: Discrimination during the process of selection for residency was reported by 15% (63/413) of the respondents. Just over half of the respondents (206/405) reported male attending staff as being discriminatory during training, and 41% (168/407) reported nursing staff as being discriminatory. Almost half of the respondents (199/408) indicated that discrimination did not hinder their career development or advancement at all, and 29% (118) indicated that it had little effect. Almost two thirds (245/381) reported no maternity leave policies during residency or practice, and 78% (296/379) reported having no job-sharing opportunities. Although 82% (338/413) agreed that female medical students need female role models, 80% (330/415) reported they did not have a female mentor. Conclusions: Although most of our respondents perceived no discrimination in their selection for residency and reported that discrimination did not hinder their career development or advancement, the perception of discrimination during surgical training suggests that there needs to be a concentrated effort to identify and address problems. Moreover, since few respondents reported having institutional policies on maternity leave and job-sharing or female mentors, these issues need to be examined.
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the quality of life of female Canadian surgeo... more ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the quality of life of female Canadian surgeons. It was designed as a population survey of practicing Canadian female surgeons. Participants were all female members in good standing of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada or La Corporation Professionnelle des Medecins du Quebec (or both) practicing in Canada as of March 1990. The response rate was 91.3% (n = 419). The main outcome measures were satisfaction with family life, leisure, location, friendships, health, work, finances, marriage, and general happiness. Quality of life questions were adapted from the interviewer form of the U.S. General Social Survey. Most respondents report moderate to high satisfaction across domains, with only the following proportions reporting no satisfaction at all: 15% (family life), 3% (leisure), 5% (friendships), 4% (marriage), and 7% (work). Age, type of surgical specialty, and average number of hours worked are not associated with these satisfaction ...
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 1996
To describe female surgeons' perceptions of discrimination against them as women during the s... more To describe female surgeons' perceptions of discrimination against them as women during the selection and training process and in career development and advancement, and to describe trends over time. Population survey of practising Canadian female surgeons. Canada. All 459 female members in good standing of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada or the Corporation professionnelle des médecins du Québec, or both, practising in Canada as of March 1990. Participants completed a survey between March 1990 and May 1992, the response rate was 91% (419/459). Reported levels of discrimination during selection and training and in career development and advancement, institutional policies on maternity leave and job sharing, and the existence of female role models or mentors. Discrimination during the process of selection for residency was reported by 15% (63/413) of the respondents. Just over half of the respondents (206/405) reported male attending staff as being discrimin...
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the quality of life of female Canadian surgeo... more ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the quality of life of female Canadian surgeons. It was designed as a population survey of practicing Canadian female surgeons. Participants were all female members in good standing of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada or La Corporation Professionnelle des Medecins du Quebec (or both) practicing in Canada as of March 1990. The response rate was 91.3% (n = 419). The main outcome measures were satisfaction with family life, leisure, location, friendships, health, work, finances, marriage, and general happiness. Quality of life questions were adapted from the interviewer form of the U.S. General Social Survey. Most respondents report moderate to high satisfaction across domains, with only the following proportions reporting no satisfaction at all: 15% (family life), 3% (leisure), 5% (friendships), 4% (marriage), and 7% (work). Age, type of surgical specialty, and average number of hours worked are not associated with these satisfaction ...
Through the years, many surgeons have considered the potential for weakness in the abdominal wall... more Through the years, many surgeons have considered the potential for weakness in the abdominal wall as a major drawback to the use of the pedicled TRAM flap. This article begins with a review of the surgical anatomy of the abdominal wall. It continues with a review of technical details; beginning with a method of partial rectus muscle and fascia harvest that respects the vascular anatomy, and followed by multilayered direct fascial closure in all patients with selective alloplastic mesh reinforcement as necessary. It is the authors' opinion that these methods optimize postoperative abdominal function, leaving a competent abdominal wall that does not deteriorate through time. Supportive data gained through a 13-year experience with 662 patients are presented.
American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 1985
The proximal tubule cell adjusts its phosphate absorption appropriately to meet the needs of the ... more The proximal tubule cell adjusts its phosphate absorption appropriately to meet the needs of the organism. Studies were performed to characterize some of the cellular changes involved with dietary phosphate adaptation. First, early proximal convoluted tubules were perfused with equilibrium Ringer solutions buffered to pH 7.65 or 6.5. Saturation kinetics for phosphate transport were determined at each pH value. Rats maintained on a diet of normal phosphate composition demonstrated the apparent Jmax and Km parameters about twofold greater with intraluminal pH 7.65 vs. pH 6.5. The Jmax values increased to 53.47 +/- 3.71 and 42.73 +/- 5.48 pmol X min-1 X mm-1, respectively, when the rats were placed on a phosphate-restricted diet for 5 days. By contrast, adaptation to a high dietary phosphate content resulted in diminished phosphate absorption, 8.53 +/- 1.80 and 12.87 +/- 1.61 pmol X min-1 X mm-1, for the respective pH 7.65 and 6.5 values. Second, the effect of peritubule phosphate conc...
A national survey of 459 women surgeons yielded a 91.3 percent response rate. The largest subspec... more A national survey of 459 women surgeons yielded a 91.3 percent response rate. The largest subspecialties were obstetrics-gynecology (41 percent), ophthalmology (21 percent), and general surgery (12 percent). Representation in all "other" surgical specialties was small (26 percent). A comparison of career and lifestyle patterns among the four major subspecialties demonstrated no differences in marital status, although ophthalmologists were least
A national survey of 459 women surgeons yielded a 91.3 percent response rate. The largest subspec... more A national survey of 459 women surgeons yielded a 91.3 percent response rate. The largest subspecialties were obstetrics-gynecology (41 percent), ophthalmology (21 percent), and general surgery (12 percent). Representation in all "other" surgical specialties was small (26 percent). A comparison of career and lifestyle patterns among the four major subspecialties demonstrated no differences in marital status, although ophthalmologists were least likely to remain childless (32 percent) and general surgeons most likely (58 percent). Surgeons in obstetrics-gynecology worked the longest hours, and those in ophthalmology worked the shortest hours. No subspecialty differences were reported in quality-of-life parameters.
Objective: To describe female surgeons' perceptions of discrimination against them as women durin... more Objective: To describe female surgeons' perceptions of discrimination against them as women during the selection and training process and in career development and advancement, and to describe trends over time. Design: Population survey of practising Canadian female surgeons. Setting: Canada. Participants: All 459 female members in good standing of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada or the Corporation professionnelle des médecins du Québec, or both, practising in Canada as of March 1990. Participants completed a survey between March 1990 and May 1992, the response rate was 91% (419/459). Outcome measures: Reported levels of discrimination during selection and training and in career development and advancement, institutional policies on maternity leave and job sharing, and the existence of female role models or mentors. Results: Discrimination during the process of selection for residency was reported by 15% (63/413) of the respondents. Just over half of the respondents (206/405) reported male attending staff as being discriminatory during training, and 41% (168/407) reported nursing staff as being discriminatory. Almost half of the respondents (199/408) indicated that discrimination did not hinder their career development or advancement at all, and 29% (118) indicated that it had little effect. Almost two thirds (245/381) reported no maternity leave policies during residency or practice, and 78% (296/379) reported having no job-sharing opportunities. Although 82% (338/413) agreed that female medical students need female role models, 80% (330/415) reported they did not have a female mentor. Conclusions: Although most of our respondents perceived no discrimination in their selection for residency and reported that discrimination did not hinder their career development or advancement, the perception of discrimination during surgical training suggests that there needs to be a concentrated effort to identify and address problems. Moreover, since few respondents reported having institutional policies on maternity leave and job-sharing or female mentors, these issues need to be examined.
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the quality of life of female Canadian surgeo... more ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the quality of life of female Canadian surgeons. It was designed as a population survey of practicing Canadian female surgeons. Participants were all female members in good standing of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada or La Corporation Professionnelle des Medecins du Quebec (or both) practicing in Canada as of March 1990. The response rate was 91.3% (n = 419). The main outcome measures were satisfaction with family life, leisure, location, friendships, health, work, finances, marriage, and general happiness. Quality of life questions were adapted from the interviewer form of the U.S. General Social Survey. Most respondents report moderate to high satisfaction across domains, with only the following proportions reporting no satisfaction at all: 15% (family life), 3% (leisure), 5% (friendships), 4% (marriage), and 7% (work). Age, type of surgical specialty, and average number of hours worked are not associated with these satisfaction ...
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 1996
To describe female surgeons' perceptions of discrimination against them as women during the s... more To describe female surgeons' perceptions of discrimination against them as women during the selection and training process and in career development and advancement, and to describe trends over time. Population survey of practising Canadian female surgeons. Canada. All 459 female members in good standing of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada or the Corporation professionnelle des médecins du Québec, or both, practising in Canada as of March 1990. Participants completed a survey between March 1990 and May 1992, the response rate was 91% (419/459). Reported levels of discrimination during selection and training and in career development and advancement, institutional policies on maternity leave and job sharing, and the existence of female role models or mentors. Discrimination during the process of selection for residency was reported by 15% (63/413) of the respondents. Just over half of the respondents (206/405) reported male attending staff as being discrimin...
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the quality of life of female Canadian surgeo... more ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the quality of life of female Canadian surgeons. It was designed as a population survey of practicing Canadian female surgeons. Participants were all female members in good standing of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada or La Corporation Professionnelle des Medecins du Quebec (or both) practicing in Canada as of March 1990. The response rate was 91.3% (n = 419). The main outcome measures were satisfaction with family life, leisure, location, friendships, health, work, finances, marriage, and general happiness. Quality of life questions were adapted from the interviewer form of the U.S. General Social Survey. Most respondents report moderate to high satisfaction across domains, with only the following proportions reporting no satisfaction at all: 15% (family life), 3% (leisure), 5% (friendships), 4% (marriage), and 7% (work). Age, type of surgical specialty, and average number of hours worked are not associated with these satisfaction ...
Through the years, many surgeons have considered the potential for weakness in the abdominal wall... more Through the years, many surgeons have considered the potential for weakness in the abdominal wall as a major drawback to the use of the pedicled TRAM flap. This article begins with a review of the surgical anatomy of the abdominal wall. It continues with a review of technical details; beginning with a method of partial rectus muscle and fascia harvest that respects the vascular anatomy, and followed by multilayered direct fascial closure in all patients with selective alloplastic mesh reinforcement as necessary. It is the authors' opinion that these methods optimize postoperative abdominal function, leaving a competent abdominal wall that does not deteriorate through time. Supportive data gained through a 13-year experience with 662 patients are presented.
American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 1985
The proximal tubule cell adjusts its phosphate absorption appropriately to meet the needs of the ... more The proximal tubule cell adjusts its phosphate absorption appropriately to meet the needs of the organism. Studies were performed to characterize some of the cellular changes involved with dietary phosphate adaptation. First, early proximal convoluted tubules were perfused with equilibrium Ringer solutions buffered to pH 7.65 or 6.5. Saturation kinetics for phosphate transport were determined at each pH value. Rats maintained on a diet of normal phosphate composition demonstrated the apparent Jmax and Km parameters about twofold greater with intraluminal pH 7.65 vs. pH 6.5. The Jmax values increased to 53.47 +/- 3.71 and 42.73 +/- 5.48 pmol X min-1 X mm-1, respectively, when the rats were placed on a phosphate-restricted diet for 5 days. By contrast, adaptation to a high dietary phosphate content resulted in diminished phosphate absorption, 8.53 +/- 1.80 and 12.87 +/- 1.61 pmol X min-1 X mm-1, for the respective pH 7.65 and 6.5 values. Second, the effect of peritubule phosphate conc...
A national survey of 459 women surgeons yielded a 91.3 percent response rate. The largest subspec... more A national survey of 459 women surgeons yielded a 91.3 percent response rate. The largest subspecialties were obstetrics-gynecology (41 percent), ophthalmology (21 percent), and general surgery (12 percent). Representation in all "other" surgical specialties was small (26 percent). A comparison of career and lifestyle patterns among the four major subspecialties demonstrated no differences in marital status, although ophthalmologists were least
Uploads
Papers by Cynthia Mizgala