Physicochemical parameters of Kuti stream, Abaji Area Council, Abuja were studied for twelve mont... more Physicochemical parameters of Kuti stream, Abaji Area Council, Abuja were studied for twelve months (January-December, 2019). Water samples were collected from the study area monthly from four sampling points that were 500 m distance apart into a clean 2-litre transparent plastic container and screw capped between the hours of 06.00-10.00. Samples were preserved in ice and taken to the laboratory for analysis. Temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured in-situ with portable HANNA meter (HI 70007 pH/EC/TDS/C), while chloride (Cl-), sodium (Na +), nitrate (NO 3-), phosphate (PO 4 3-), sulphate (SO 4 2-), magnesium (Mg 2+), potassium (K +), calcium (Ca 2+), dissolved oxygen (DO), alkalinity and turbidity were analyzed ex-situ using standard methods. Descriptive statistics revealed that all parameters were within permissible limits recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and FRN's national environmental (surface and underground water quality control) regulations except PO 4 3-and turbidity. Analysis of Variance showed that all parameters are significantly different (p˃0.05) except pH across sampled points, while paired sample t-test showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) of all parameters between seasons except pH and Na. The high concentration of PO 4 3-and turbidity observed may be linked to the influx of runoff from nearby farms and degree of anthropogenic activities that took place in the stream during the study. PO 4 3-combined with NO 3-to cause eutrophication, which lead to higher oxygen demand and subsequent death of aquatic organisms. To reduce the concentration of PO 4 3-, sustainable agriculture and healthy activities around the stream should be practiced.
Plant-based coagulants are potential alternatives to chemical coagulants used in drinking water t... more Plant-based coagulants are potential alternatives to chemical coagulants used in drinking water treatment. This paper examined the turbidity removal efficiency of Tamarindus indica fruit crude pulp extract (CPE) towards evaluating a low-cost option for drinking-water treatment. Laboratory analysis was carried out on high turbidity raw water samples (i.e. 478 NTU) using T. indica CPE of concentrations ranging from 500 to 3000 mg/L as natural coagulant, using jar tests. Results obtained showed turbidity removal efficiency of the coagulant ranging from 64 to 99%. An optimum dose of 3000 mg/L resulted in highest turbidity removal efficiency of 99%. However, the treated water samples were observed to be of high acidity with pH values lower than 3.0, suggesting the need for pH adjustment. Nevertheless, this study demonstrated the potentials of T. indica CPE in coagulating high turbidity surface water.
Nigerian Journal of Technological Development, 2014
The fast growing use of Information and Communication Technology has created a new environmental ... more The fast growing use of Information and Communication Technology has created a new environmental problem, electronic-waste (e-waste).Addressing this concern requires proper management plans and strategy, which in turn requires reliable estimates of e-waste generation in the present as well as future. In this study, a material flow model for the analysis of e-waste generation from computer equipment in Kaduna and Abuja in Nigeria has been developed and compared with that of Lagos which has been studied earlier. Data used to develop the models are the sales data from major distributors of electronics in the study areas, usage time of computer equipment and transfer coefficients of the electronics from one stage to another. The analysis of individual flows of computer from the material flow model showed that the fate of obsolete computer equipment were storage (27-41%), reuse (35-61%) and direct disposal (12-24%). It was also found that after four years of the last inflow considered, a...
a b s t r a c t Anaerobic digestate have been identified as a rich source of essential plant nutr... more a b s t r a c t Anaerobic digestate have been identified as a rich source of essential plant nutrients. Nevertheless, its safety measured by the concentration of pathogen present is of great concern to end users. This research explored the efficiency of the mesophilic biodigestion process in the stabilization and sanitization of cow dung and chicken droppings. Six (6) kg each of cow dung and chicken droppings were collected fresh and free from impurities, pre-fermented, mixed with water in the ratio 1:1 w/v to form slurry, fed into the respective reactors and digested for 30 days at an average ambient temperature of 30 AE 2 C. The pH of the medium fluctuated between 6.5 and 8.0. The analysis of the feedstock and effluent of the digesters showed that a total solids reduction of 75.3% and 60.1% were recorded for cow dung and chicken droppings while the reduction in total coliforms was 95% and 70% respectively for the dung and droppings. Microbial analysis of the biofertilizer produced...
The environmental pollution hazards due to the use of drilling fluids in the oil and gas sector w... more The environmental pollution hazards due to the use of drilling fluids in the oil and gas sector were studied. Grab samples of spent drilling fluids (SDF), water and soil were collected from 7 locations in the oil field when the depth of the well was 3,658m, before the 3,962m pay zone. Samples were analyzed to determine the concentrations of contaminants such as Barium (Ba), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium total (Cr), Copper (Cu), Iron III (Fe 3+ ), Lead (Pb), Manganese (Mn), Vanadium (Vn) and Zinc (Zn) in the treated and untreated SDFs, water, soil, ash and sludge samples that might constitute environmental hazards, in accordance with the Department of Petroleum Resources and American Public Health Associations guidelines and methods. The concentrations and the spatial distributions of the pollutants released to the environment were established through modeling with Ogata-Banks model equation and the material balance equations. The results of the test showed that these substances have levels...
Laboratory tests of selected water quality parameters which include Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Bioche... more Laboratory tests of selected water quality parameters which include Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Alkalinity, Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Temperature were carried out in four sections of the stream along the 6km reach of the Bindare stream reach in Zaria, Nigeria. The objective of the study was to develop a MATLAB based simulation using simulink tools that produced a dissolved oxygen sag curve, and this was applied to the stream in order to assess the stream dissolved oxygen level and its self-purification capacity as one of the mitigation measures in stream pollution control. Results generated from the model simulation included critical dissolved oxygen deficit D c , critical time t c of travel by the stream to attain D c . The stream mean dissolved oxygen DO (6.4mg/L) was obtained. Correlation between simulated results and theoretical values obtained using Streeter-Phelps dissolved oxygen sag equation were checked us...
The research was aimed at identifying suitable Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) time scales... more The research was aimed at identifying suitable Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) time scales for drought analysis to prevent researchers from illogical SPI time scale application. The selection of the relevant time scales for drought analysis is important in the context of climate change, which poses serious environmental degradation challenges to mankind. SPI at different time scales of 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months were computed from 30 years of rainfall data collected from seven meteorological stations in Sudano-Sahelian Region of Nigeria, and analyzed to draw conclusion on the relevant SPI time scale suitable for the analysis of each drought categories: meteorological, agricultural and hydrological droughts. The relevance of the different SPI time scales to various drought categories, both at short-term and long-term, was established to determine the choice of SPI time scale for the respective drought analysis. The findings showed that SPI at time scale of 1 month could be suit...
Water distribution is an important factor in the development of a community. As a follow up on au... more Water distribution is an important factor in the development of a community. As a follow up on authors previous studies on water supply, access to safe water, water, sanitation and health (WASH) and network analysis, this paper presents evaluation of various methods (statistical and numerical) in use to solve Linear Theory equations in pipe network analysis. Three practical pipe network analyses were conducted using Guassian and Gaus-Jacobian eliminations, Microsoft excel solver, least squared and numerical methods. The flow obtained using the methods were evaluated using model of selection criterion MSC, coefficient of determination CD, reliability RD and errors. The study revealed that flow in pipe network analysis varied with the method. The flow was a function of the method used, length and diameter of the pipe; and withdraws from the node. The values of model of selection criterion and coefficient of determination varied from 1.2195 to 24.5549 and 0.7912 to 0.9751 respectively...
Abstract: This paper present the trends of meteorological parameters over Nguru, floodplain of Ha... more Abstract: This paper present the trends of meteorological parameters over Nguru, floodplain of Hadejia- Nguru Wetlands, Nigeria, with the aim of revealing increasing or decreasing trend within a 40 years monthly time series data of minimum temperature, maximum temperature, average temperature and rainfall. A non-parametric Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen’s slope estimate was used to analyse trends exhibited by the variables. The results reveal annual increasing (upward) trends of temperatures (minimum, maximum, and average) and annual decreasing (downward) trend within rainfall time series. It is concluded that there is variability of monthly trends of temperatures with minimum temperature showing an annual increasing trend at 90% level of confidence, maximum temperature at 99.9% level of confidence, average temperature at 99% level of confidence and rainfall showing an annual decreasing trend at confidence level above 90%. Keywords : Climate change, Mann-Kendall test, rainfall, Sen...
Abstract The southeast sector of Iullemmeden Basin is located in Nigeria and referred to as the S... more Abstract The southeast sector of Iullemmeden Basin is located in Nigeria and referred to as the Sokoto Basin. The aquifer system of Sokoto Basin is multilayered with Continental Intercalaire (CI) aquifer also known as Gundumi-Illo Formation at the bottom, overlain by the Rima Group, Sokoto Group and Continental Terminal (Gwandu Formation). This study is aimed at determining the validity of the statement that the Continental Intercalaire of the basin receives no recharge, through application of environmental isotopes of water molecules ( 3 H, 2 H, and 18 O) and characteristics deuterium excess (d-excess). The isotope result of oxygen-18 (δ 18 O) content ranges between −7.72‰ and 3.69‰, and deuterium (δ 2 H) content from −51‰ to 9.42‰. These results indicates presence of three categories of water, the waters depleted slightly in isotope signature, the moderately depleted waters and waters highly depleted in δ 18 O and δ 2 H. These results suggests that the waters depleted slightly in isotope signature may be evaporated waters, while moderately depleted values of 18 O and 2 H of water content from the Continental Intercalaire designates the modern waters and waters highly depleted in isotope signature may be regarded as paleowaters. The tritium ( 3 H) value recorded falls within the range of 0.5–4 TU represents a mixture of pre-1952 and post-1952 water origin. It is thus concluded from the results that Continental Intercalaire aquifer of Sokoto Basin receives modern water as recharge.
Plant-based coagulants are potential alternatives to chemical coagulants used in drinking water t... more Plant-based coagulants are potential alternatives to chemical coagulants used in drinking water treatment. This paper examined the turbidity removal efficiency of Tamarindus indica fruit crude pulp extract (CPE) towards evaluating a low-cost option for drinking-water treatment. Laboratory analysis was carried out on high turbidity raw water samples (i.e. 478 NTU) using T. indica CPE of concentrations ranging from 500 to 3000 mg/L as natural coagulant, using jar tests. Results obtained showed turbidity removal efficiency of the coagulant ranging from 64 to 99%. An optimum dose of 3000 mg/L resulted in highest turbidity removal efficiency of 99%. However, the treated water samples were observed to be of high acidity with pH values lower than 3.0, suggesting the need for pH adjustment. Nevertheless, this study demonstrated the potentials of T. indica CPE in coagulating high turbidity surface water.
Physicochemical parameters of Kuti stream, Abaji Area Council, Abuja were studied for twelve mont... more Physicochemical parameters of Kuti stream, Abaji Area Council, Abuja were studied for twelve months (January-December, 2019). Water samples were collected from the study area monthly from four sampling points that were 500 m distance apart into a clean 2-litre transparent plastic container and screw capped between the hours of 06.00-10.00. Samples were preserved in ice and taken to the laboratory for analysis. Temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured in-situ with portable HANNA meter (HI 70007 pH/EC/TDS/C), while chloride (Cl-), sodium (Na +), nitrate (NO 3-), phosphate (PO 4 3-), sulphate (SO 4 2-), magnesium (Mg 2+), potassium (K +), calcium (Ca 2+), dissolved oxygen (DO), alkalinity and turbidity were analyzed ex-situ using standard methods. Descriptive statistics revealed that all parameters were within permissible limits recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and FRN's national environmental (surface and underground water quality control) regulations except PO 4 3-and turbidity. Analysis of Variance showed that all parameters are significantly different (p˃0.05) except pH across sampled points, while paired sample t-test showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) of all parameters between seasons except pH and Na. The high concentration of PO 4 3-and turbidity observed may be linked to the influx of runoff from nearby farms and degree of anthropogenic activities that took place in the stream during the study. PO 4 3-combined with NO 3-to cause eutrophication, which lead to higher oxygen demand and subsequent death of aquatic organisms. To reduce the concentration of PO 4 3-, sustainable agriculture and healthy activities around the stream should be practiced.
Plant-based coagulants are potential alternatives to chemical coagulants used in drinking water t... more Plant-based coagulants are potential alternatives to chemical coagulants used in drinking water treatment. This paper examined the turbidity removal efficiency of Tamarindus indica fruit crude pulp extract (CPE) towards evaluating a low-cost option for drinking-water treatment. Laboratory analysis was carried out on high turbidity raw water samples (i.e. 478 NTU) using T. indica CPE of concentrations ranging from 500 to 3000 mg/L as natural coagulant, using jar tests. Results obtained showed turbidity removal efficiency of the coagulant ranging from 64 to 99%. An optimum dose of 3000 mg/L resulted in highest turbidity removal efficiency of 99%. However, the treated water samples were observed to be of high acidity with pH values lower than 3.0, suggesting the need for pH adjustment. Nevertheless, this study demonstrated the potentials of T. indica CPE in coagulating high turbidity surface water.
Nigerian Journal of Technological Development, 2014
The fast growing use of Information and Communication Technology has created a new environmental ... more The fast growing use of Information and Communication Technology has created a new environmental problem, electronic-waste (e-waste).Addressing this concern requires proper management plans and strategy, which in turn requires reliable estimates of e-waste generation in the present as well as future. In this study, a material flow model for the analysis of e-waste generation from computer equipment in Kaduna and Abuja in Nigeria has been developed and compared with that of Lagos which has been studied earlier. Data used to develop the models are the sales data from major distributors of electronics in the study areas, usage time of computer equipment and transfer coefficients of the electronics from one stage to another. The analysis of individual flows of computer from the material flow model showed that the fate of obsolete computer equipment were storage (27-41%), reuse (35-61%) and direct disposal (12-24%). It was also found that after four years of the last inflow considered, a...
a b s t r a c t Anaerobic digestate have been identified as a rich source of essential plant nutr... more a b s t r a c t Anaerobic digestate have been identified as a rich source of essential plant nutrients. Nevertheless, its safety measured by the concentration of pathogen present is of great concern to end users. This research explored the efficiency of the mesophilic biodigestion process in the stabilization and sanitization of cow dung and chicken droppings. Six (6) kg each of cow dung and chicken droppings were collected fresh and free from impurities, pre-fermented, mixed with water in the ratio 1:1 w/v to form slurry, fed into the respective reactors and digested for 30 days at an average ambient temperature of 30 AE 2 C. The pH of the medium fluctuated between 6.5 and 8.0. The analysis of the feedstock and effluent of the digesters showed that a total solids reduction of 75.3% and 60.1% were recorded for cow dung and chicken droppings while the reduction in total coliforms was 95% and 70% respectively for the dung and droppings. Microbial analysis of the biofertilizer produced...
The environmental pollution hazards due to the use of drilling fluids in the oil and gas sector w... more The environmental pollution hazards due to the use of drilling fluids in the oil and gas sector were studied. Grab samples of spent drilling fluids (SDF), water and soil were collected from 7 locations in the oil field when the depth of the well was 3,658m, before the 3,962m pay zone. Samples were analyzed to determine the concentrations of contaminants such as Barium (Ba), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium total (Cr), Copper (Cu), Iron III (Fe 3+ ), Lead (Pb), Manganese (Mn), Vanadium (Vn) and Zinc (Zn) in the treated and untreated SDFs, water, soil, ash and sludge samples that might constitute environmental hazards, in accordance with the Department of Petroleum Resources and American Public Health Associations guidelines and methods. The concentrations and the spatial distributions of the pollutants released to the environment were established through modeling with Ogata-Banks model equation and the material balance equations. The results of the test showed that these substances have levels...
Laboratory tests of selected water quality parameters which include Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Bioche... more Laboratory tests of selected water quality parameters which include Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Alkalinity, Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Temperature were carried out in four sections of the stream along the 6km reach of the Bindare stream reach in Zaria, Nigeria. The objective of the study was to develop a MATLAB based simulation using simulink tools that produced a dissolved oxygen sag curve, and this was applied to the stream in order to assess the stream dissolved oxygen level and its self-purification capacity as one of the mitigation measures in stream pollution control. Results generated from the model simulation included critical dissolved oxygen deficit D c , critical time t c of travel by the stream to attain D c . The stream mean dissolved oxygen DO (6.4mg/L) was obtained. Correlation between simulated results and theoretical values obtained using Streeter-Phelps dissolved oxygen sag equation were checked us...
The research was aimed at identifying suitable Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) time scales... more The research was aimed at identifying suitable Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) time scales for drought analysis to prevent researchers from illogical SPI time scale application. The selection of the relevant time scales for drought analysis is important in the context of climate change, which poses serious environmental degradation challenges to mankind. SPI at different time scales of 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months were computed from 30 years of rainfall data collected from seven meteorological stations in Sudano-Sahelian Region of Nigeria, and analyzed to draw conclusion on the relevant SPI time scale suitable for the analysis of each drought categories: meteorological, agricultural and hydrological droughts. The relevance of the different SPI time scales to various drought categories, both at short-term and long-term, was established to determine the choice of SPI time scale for the respective drought analysis. The findings showed that SPI at time scale of 1 month could be suit...
Water distribution is an important factor in the development of a community. As a follow up on au... more Water distribution is an important factor in the development of a community. As a follow up on authors previous studies on water supply, access to safe water, water, sanitation and health (WASH) and network analysis, this paper presents evaluation of various methods (statistical and numerical) in use to solve Linear Theory equations in pipe network analysis. Three practical pipe network analyses were conducted using Guassian and Gaus-Jacobian eliminations, Microsoft excel solver, least squared and numerical methods. The flow obtained using the methods were evaluated using model of selection criterion MSC, coefficient of determination CD, reliability RD and errors. The study revealed that flow in pipe network analysis varied with the method. The flow was a function of the method used, length and diameter of the pipe; and withdraws from the node. The values of model of selection criterion and coefficient of determination varied from 1.2195 to 24.5549 and 0.7912 to 0.9751 respectively...
Abstract: This paper present the trends of meteorological parameters over Nguru, floodplain of Ha... more Abstract: This paper present the trends of meteorological parameters over Nguru, floodplain of Hadejia- Nguru Wetlands, Nigeria, with the aim of revealing increasing or decreasing trend within a 40 years monthly time series data of minimum temperature, maximum temperature, average temperature and rainfall. A non-parametric Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen’s slope estimate was used to analyse trends exhibited by the variables. The results reveal annual increasing (upward) trends of temperatures (minimum, maximum, and average) and annual decreasing (downward) trend within rainfall time series. It is concluded that there is variability of monthly trends of temperatures with minimum temperature showing an annual increasing trend at 90% level of confidence, maximum temperature at 99.9% level of confidence, average temperature at 99% level of confidence and rainfall showing an annual decreasing trend at confidence level above 90%. Keywords : Climate change, Mann-Kendall test, rainfall, Sen...
Abstract The southeast sector of Iullemmeden Basin is located in Nigeria and referred to as the S... more Abstract The southeast sector of Iullemmeden Basin is located in Nigeria and referred to as the Sokoto Basin. The aquifer system of Sokoto Basin is multilayered with Continental Intercalaire (CI) aquifer also known as Gundumi-Illo Formation at the bottom, overlain by the Rima Group, Sokoto Group and Continental Terminal (Gwandu Formation). This study is aimed at determining the validity of the statement that the Continental Intercalaire of the basin receives no recharge, through application of environmental isotopes of water molecules ( 3 H, 2 H, and 18 O) and characteristics deuterium excess (d-excess). The isotope result of oxygen-18 (δ 18 O) content ranges between −7.72‰ and 3.69‰, and deuterium (δ 2 H) content from −51‰ to 9.42‰. These results indicates presence of three categories of water, the waters depleted slightly in isotope signature, the moderately depleted waters and waters highly depleted in δ 18 O and δ 2 H. These results suggests that the waters depleted slightly in isotope signature may be evaporated waters, while moderately depleted values of 18 O and 2 H of water content from the Continental Intercalaire designates the modern waters and waters highly depleted in isotope signature may be regarded as paleowaters. The tritium ( 3 H) value recorded falls within the range of 0.5–4 TU represents a mixture of pre-1952 and post-1952 water origin. It is thus concluded from the results that Continental Intercalaire aquifer of Sokoto Basin receives modern water as recharge.
Plant-based coagulants are potential alternatives to chemical coagulants used in drinking water t... more Plant-based coagulants are potential alternatives to chemical coagulants used in drinking water treatment. This paper examined the turbidity removal efficiency of Tamarindus indica fruit crude pulp extract (CPE) towards evaluating a low-cost option for drinking-water treatment. Laboratory analysis was carried out on high turbidity raw water samples (i.e. 478 NTU) using T. indica CPE of concentrations ranging from 500 to 3000 mg/L as natural coagulant, using jar tests. Results obtained showed turbidity removal efficiency of the coagulant ranging from 64 to 99%. An optimum dose of 3000 mg/L resulted in highest turbidity removal efficiency of 99%. However, the treated water samples were observed to be of high acidity with pH values lower than 3.0, suggesting the need for pH adjustment. Nevertheless, this study demonstrated the potentials of T. indica CPE in coagulating high turbidity surface water.
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