Fast time response (t = 1s) measurements of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) were made from the NOAA P3 duri... more Fast time response (t = 1s) measurements of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) were made from the NOAA P3 during the ICARTT field mission. This data is analyzed to probe our understanding of both day and night oxidation processes in high sulfur environments. In particular, the photochemistry of the sulfur rich Ohio Valley is investigated by comparing OH values derived from the
Observations collected as part of the IGAC Lagrangian 2k4, European Intercontinental Transport of... more Observations collected as part of the IGAC Lagrangian 2k4, European Intercontinental Transport of Ozone and Precursors (ITOP) campaign in summer 2004 have been analysed. Examples will be presented of transport of North American (NA) urban and boreal forest fire pollution to Europe as observed with DLR Falcon, MOZAIC aircraft and ground-based lidar measurements. In general CO, NOy, and aerosols were
2-Methoxyoestradiol (2-MeOE2) is an endogenous oestrogen metabolite that inhibits the proliferati... more 2-Methoxyoestradiol (2-MeOE2) is an endogenous oestrogen metabolite that inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells in vitro, and it is also antiangiogenic. In vivo 2-MeOE2, when administered at relatively high doses, inhibits the growth of tumours derived from breast cancer cells, sarcomas and melanomas. Sulphamoylated derivatives of 2-MeOE2 are more potent inhibitors of in vitro breast cancer cell growth than 2-MeOE2. In the present study, we have compared the pharmacokinetic profiles and metabolism of 2-MeOE2 and its sulphamoylated derivative, 2-methoxyoestradiol-bis-sulphamate (2-MeOE2bisMATE), in adult female rats. Their ability to inhibit tumour growth was compared in nude mice bearing xenografts derived from MDA-MB-435 (oestrogen receptor negative) melanoma cancer cells. After a single oral 10 mg kg(-1) dose of 2-MeOE2bisMATE, significant concentrations of this compound were still detectable at 24 h. In contrast, no 2-MeOE2 or metabolites were detected in plasma at any time a...
The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1996
ABSTRACT The sulphatase pathway is thought to be the major route of oestrogen synthesis in breast... more ABSTRACT The sulphatase pathway is thought to be the major route of oestrogen synthesis in breast tumours in postmenopausal women. There is currently considerable interest in developing a potent steroid sulphatase inhibitor to block oestrogen synthesis by this route. One of the most potent inhibitors discovered so far is oestrone-3-O-sulphamate (EMATE) which is active in vivo. In this study we report the preparation of a formulation for the administration of EMATE by the oral route. A method, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), was also established to measure concentrations of EMATE in rat plasma after its oral or i.v. administration. Using the oral formulation and HPLC assay, EMATE was readily detected in rat plasma after oral administration. Plasma EMATE concentrations were related to the dose of drug administered orally over the 10-40 mg/kg range. To examine the pharmacokinetics of EMATE, the compound (40 mg/kg, single dose) was administered either orally (in the formulation) or i.v. (in propylene glycol) with plasma samples being collected for up to 6 h. After oral administration, EMATE was rapidly absorbed, with the peak plasma concentration being detected at 30 min, after which plasma concentrations rapidly decreased. After i.v. administration a plasma EMATE concentration was detected at 1 h similar to that after oral administration. The clearance of EMATE from plasma followed a bi-phasic curve, showing an initial half-life of 30 min, followed by a slower half-life of 4 h 30 min. Little evidence was obtained for any metabolism of EMATE to oestrone. Rat liver sulphatase activity was almost completely inhibited (>99%) within 30 min of oral or i.v. administration of EMATE.
The aircraft-based 2002 Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation experiment interce... more The aircraft-based 2002 Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation experiment intercepted and chemically analyzed pollution plumes transported from Asia to the western United States. The research flight on 10–11 May 2002 detected mixing between polluted and stratospheric air at midtropospheric levels above the California coast. This study uses a Lagrangian domain-filling trajectory technique to illustrate that this event was the result
The optimal format for teaching advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) to medical students and othe... more The optimal format for teaching advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) to medical students and other groups with little emergency medicine experience has not been studied extensively. We report an ACLS provider course that was taught to sophomore medical students using a self-directed, problem-based learning model. The traditional two-day provider course format was replaced by a series of clinical problems that emphasized various aspects of the ACLS curriculum. Students then met weekly with an ACLS instructor who served as a tutor to discuss the problem. A specific set of learning objectives for the entire ACLS curriculum was developed into a study unit index and given to students at the beginning of the course. Enhanced practice time was offered to students in the form of traditional teaching stations and skills laboratories. Students were tested using standard ACLS criteria. The students in the problem-based course achieved a higher pass rate on the written test and skills stations than senior medical students did in a standard two-day course during the same time period. The problem-based format with enhanced practice time would appear to be an effective alternative for groups that need to acquire the basic skills needed in a resuscitation attempt but have little previous experience in this area.
Observations collected as part of the IGAC Lagrangian 2k4, European Intercontinental Transport of... more Observations collected as part of the IGAC Lagrangian 2k4, European Intercontinental Transport of Ozone and Precursors (ITOP) campaign in summer 2004 have been analysed. Examples will be presented of transport of North American (NA) urban and boreal forest fire pollution to Europe as observed with DLR Falcon, MOZAIC aircraft and ground-based lidar measurements. In general CO, NOy, and aerosols were
In 2004, the Carrick Institute for Learning and Teaching in Higher Education was established by t... more In 2004, the Carrick Institute for Learning and Teaching in Higher Education was established by the Australian government to “promote and advance learning and teaching in Australian higher education.”(Carrick Institute, 2006). One aspect of the role of this institution is to establish the Carrick Exchange,“a new online service that will provide learning and teaching resources and functions to support communication and collaboration across the national and international higher education sector”(Carrick Institute, 2007a). This paper ...
During SOS99 and TexAQS 2000, the NOAA WP-3D aircraft sampled air from: Nashville, Atlanta, Chica... more During SOS99 and TexAQS 2000, the NOAA WP-3D aircraft sampled air from: Nashville, Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Dallas, and the Houston Ship Channel. Continuous, high time resolution (< 2 s) measurements were performed of NO, NO2, NOy, and HNO3. PAN, MPAN, and PPAN were also measured with a time resolution of approximately 20 s every 2 to 5 minutes. In this
Performance of various components of telecommunication systems and data networks need to be monit... more Performance of various components of telecommunication systems and data networks need to be monitored continuously. Monitored information is presented to system operators and managers to assist them in the efficient operation and effective management of the system. Analysis of performance information can also reveal existing shortcomings and impending failures in the monitored network. The level of detail of the information presented to each group of individuals is also different. System operators are generally ...
Fast time response (t = 1s) measurements of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) were made from the NOAA P3 duri... more Fast time response (t = 1s) measurements of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) were made from the NOAA P3 during the ICARTT field mission. This data is analyzed to probe our understanding of both day and night oxidation processes in high sulfur environments. In particular, the photochemistry of the sulfur rich Ohio Valley is investigated by comparing OH values derived from the
Observations collected as part of the IGAC Lagrangian 2k4, European Intercontinental Transport of... more Observations collected as part of the IGAC Lagrangian 2k4, European Intercontinental Transport of Ozone and Precursors (ITOP) campaign in summer 2004 have been analysed. Examples will be presented of transport of North American (NA) urban and boreal forest fire pollution to Europe as observed with DLR Falcon, MOZAIC aircraft and ground-based lidar measurements. In general CO, NOy, and aerosols were
2-Methoxyoestradiol (2-MeOE2) is an endogenous oestrogen metabolite that inhibits the proliferati... more 2-Methoxyoestradiol (2-MeOE2) is an endogenous oestrogen metabolite that inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells in vitro, and it is also antiangiogenic. In vivo 2-MeOE2, when administered at relatively high doses, inhibits the growth of tumours derived from breast cancer cells, sarcomas and melanomas. Sulphamoylated derivatives of 2-MeOE2 are more potent inhibitors of in vitro breast cancer cell growth than 2-MeOE2. In the present study, we have compared the pharmacokinetic profiles and metabolism of 2-MeOE2 and its sulphamoylated derivative, 2-methoxyoestradiol-bis-sulphamate (2-MeOE2bisMATE), in adult female rats. Their ability to inhibit tumour growth was compared in nude mice bearing xenografts derived from MDA-MB-435 (oestrogen receptor negative) melanoma cancer cells. After a single oral 10 mg kg(-1) dose of 2-MeOE2bisMATE, significant concentrations of this compound were still detectable at 24 h. In contrast, no 2-MeOE2 or metabolites were detected in plasma at any time a...
The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1996
ABSTRACT The sulphatase pathway is thought to be the major route of oestrogen synthesis in breast... more ABSTRACT The sulphatase pathway is thought to be the major route of oestrogen synthesis in breast tumours in postmenopausal women. There is currently considerable interest in developing a potent steroid sulphatase inhibitor to block oestrogen synthesis by this route. One of the most potent inhibitors discovered so far is oestrone-3-O-sulphamate (EMATE) which is active in vivo. In this study we report the preparation of a formulation for the administration of EMATE by the oral route. A method, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), was also established to measure concentrations of EMATE in rat plasma after its oral or i.v. administration. Using the oral formulation and HPLC assay, EMATE was readily detected in rat plasma after oral administration. Plasma EMATE concentrations were related to the dose of drug administered orally over the 10-40 mg/kg range. To examine the pharmacokinetics of EMATE, the compound (40 mg/kg, single dose) was administered either orally (in the formulation) or i.v. (in propylene glycol) with plasma samples being collected for up to 6 h. After oral administration, EMATE was rapidly absorbed, with the peak plasma concentration being detected at 30 min, after which plasma concentrations rapidly decreased. After i.v. administration a plasma EMATE concentration was detected at 1 h similar to that after oral administration. The clearance of EMATE from plasma followed a bi-phasic curve, showing an initial half-life of 30 min, followed by a slower half-life of 4 h 30 min. Little evidence was obtained for any metabolism of EMATE to oestrone. Rat liver sulphatase activity was almost completely inhibited (>99%) within 30 min of oral or i.v. administration of EMATE.
The aircraft-based 2002 Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation experiment interce... more The aircraft-based 2002 Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation experiment intercepted and chemically analyzed pollution plumes transported from Asia to the western United States. The research flight on 10–11 May 2002 detected mixing between polluted and stratospheric air at midtropospheric levels above the California coast. This study uses a Lagrangian domain-filling trajectory technique to illustrate that this event was the result
The optimal format for teaching advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) to medical students and othe... more The optimal format for teaching advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) to medical students and other groups with little emergency medicine experience has not been studied extensively. We report an ACLS provider course that was taught to sophomore medical students using a self-directed, problem-based learning model. The traditional two-day provider course format was replaced by a series of clinical problems that emphasized various aspects of the ACLS curriculum. Students then met weekly with an ACLS instructor who served as a tutor to discuss the problem. A specific set of learning objectives for the entire ACLS curriculum was developed into a study unit index and given to students at the beginning of the course. Enhanced practice time was offered to students in the form of traditional teaching stations and skills laboratories. Students were tested using standard ACLS criteria. The students in the problem-based course achieved a higher pass rate on the written test and skills stations than senior medical students did in a standard two-day course during the same time period. The problem-based format with enhanced practice time would appear to be an effective alternative for groups that need to acquire the basic skills needed in a resuscitation attempt but have little previous experience in this area.
Observations collected as part of the IGAC Lagrangian 2k4, European Intercontinental Transport of... more Observations collected as part of the IGAC Lagrangian 2k4, European Intercontinental Transport of Ozone and Precursors (ITOP) campaign in summer 2004 have been analysed. Examples will be presented of transport of North American (NA) urban and boreal forest fire pollution to Europe as observed with DLR Falcon, MOZAIC aircraft and ground-based lidar measurements. In general CO, NOy, and aerosols were
In 2004, the Carrick Institute for Learning and Teaching in Higher Education was established by t... more In 2004, the Carrick Institute for Learning and Teaching in Higher Education was established by the Australian government to “promote and advance learning and teaching in Australian higher education.”(Carrick Institute, 2006). One aspect of the role of this institution is to establish the Carrick Exchange,“a new online service that will provide learning and teaching resources and functions to support communication and collaboration across the national and international higher education sector”(Carrick Institute, 2007a). This paper ...
During SOS99 and TexAQS 2000, the NOAA WP-3D aircraft sampled air from: Nashville, Atlanta, Chica... more During SOS99 and TexAQS 2000, the NOAA WP-3D aircraft sampled air from: Nashville, Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Dallas, and the Houston Ship Channel. Continuous, high time resolution (< 2 s) measurements were performed of NO, NO2, NOy, and HNO3. PAN, MPAN, and PPAN were also measured with a time resolution of approximately 20 s every 2 to 5 minutes. In this
Performance of various components of telecommunication systems and data networks need to be monit... more Performance of various components of telecommunication systems and data networks need to be monitored continuously. Monitored information is presented to system operators and managers to assist them in the efficient operation and effective management of the system. Analysis of performance information can also reveal existing shortcomings and impending failures in the monitored network. The level of detail of the information presented to each group of individuals is also different. System operators are generally ...
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