Background. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to examine: (a) the effect of two physica... more Background. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to examine: (a) the effect of two physical activ-A considerable literature exists that suggests physiity modes on changes in subjective well-being (SWB) cal activity participation to be associated with an imover the course of a 12-month period in older, formerly proved sense of psychological well-being. Indeed, over sedentary adults (N ؍ 174, M age ؍ 65.5 years) and (b) 90 reviews have been published in this area [1]. Althe role played by physical activity participation and though the mechanisms underlying the association social support in changes in SWB over time. between well-being and physical activity are not well Method. Participants were randomized into either defined, there appears to be a fairly consistent associaan aerobic activity group or a stretching and toning tion reported between these variables. In a recent regroup. Structural equation modeling was employed to view of 38 studies of physical activity effects on psychoconduct multiple sample latent growth curve analyses logical well-being in older adults, McAuley and Rudolph of individual growth in measures of SWB (happiness, [2] concluded that the relationship was consistent satisfaction with life, and loneliness) over time. across age and gender, that it was unclear as to the Results. A curvilinear growth pattern was revealed effect that physical fitness had on this relationship, with well-being significantly improving over the and that the measurement of psychological well-being course of the intervention followed by significant dewas inconsistent. clines at the 6-month follow-up. Subsequent structural Relative to this latter point, psychological health can analyses were conducted showing that frequency of be conceptualized as having both negative and positive exercise participation was a significant predictor of affective poles, which can be characterized as psychoimprovement in satisfaction with life, whereas social logical distress (e.g., depression, anxiety) and psychorelations were related to increases in satisfaction with life and reductions in loneliness. Improvements in so-logical well-being (e.g., positive affect) [3,4]. The majorcial relations and exercise frequency also helped to ity of this literature with respect to older adults has buffer the declines in satisfaction with life at follow-up. focused on the reduction of negative symptomology and, Conclusions. It appears that social relations integral very often, employed aerobic exercise as the mode of to the exercise environment are significant determiactivity. We suggest that two elements be considered nants of subjective well-being in older adults. Findings here. First, the understanding of psychological health are discussed in terms of how physical activity environnecessitates a multidimensional approach that asments might be structured to maximize improvements sesses the absence of negative affect, presence of posiin more global well-being constructs such as satisfactive affect, and satisfaction with one's life [5]. These tion with life. ᭧ 2000 American Health Foundation and Academic Press affective and cognitive components of well-being are Key Words: exercise; aging; psychological well-being; often collectively referred to by the umbrella term of controlled trial. subjective well-being (SWB; [5]). Although the SWB collective has been examined across a broad array of environments [6], typically only individual affective 1 Funding for this study was provided by the National Institute on components (e.g., positive affect, well-being) are mea-Aging (Grant AG 12113). 2 To whom reprint requests should be addressed at Department of sured in physical activity research.
Background. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to examine: (a) the effect of two physica... more Background. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to examine: (a) the effect of two physical activ-A considerable literature exists that suggests physiity modes on changes in subjective well-being (SWB) cal activity participation to be associated with an imover the course of a 12-month period in older, formerly proved sense of psychological well-being. Indeed, over sedentary adults (N ؍ 174, M age ؍ 65.5 years) and (b) 90 reviews have been published in this area [1]. Althe role played by physical activity participation and though the mechanisms underlying the association social support in changes in SWB over time. between well-being and physical activity are not well Method. Participants were randomized into either defined, there appears to be a fairly consistent associaan aerobic activity group or a stretching and toning tion reported between these variables. In a recent regroup. Structural equation modeling was employed to view of 38 studies of physical activity effects on psychoconduct multiple sample latent growth curve analyses logical well-being in older adults, McAuley and Rudolph of individual growth in measures of SWB (happiness, [2] concluded that the relationship was consistent satisfaction with life, and loneliness) over time. across age and gender, that it was unclear as to the Results. A curvilinear growth pattern was revealed effect that physical fitness had on this relationship, with well-being significantly improving over the and that the measurement of psychological well-being course of the intervention followed by significant dewas inconsistent. clines at the 6-month follow-up. Subsequent structural Relative to this latter point, psychological health can analyses were conducted showing that frequency of be conceptualized as having both negative and positive exercise participation was a significant predictor of affective poles, which can be characterized as psychoimprovement in satisfaction with life, whereas social logical distress (e.g., depression, anxiety) and psychorelations were related to increases in satisfaction with life and reductions in loneliness. Improvements in so-logical well-being (e.g., positive affect) [3,4]. The majorcial relations and exercise frequency also helped to ity of this literature with respect to older adults has buffer the declines in satisfaction with life at follow-up. focused on the reduction of negative symptomology and, Conclusions. It appears that social relations integral very often, employed aerobic exercise as the mode of to the exercise environment are significant determiactivity. We suggest that two elements be considered nants of subjective well-being in older adults. Findings here. First, the understanding of psychological health are discussed in terms of how physical activity environnecessitates a multidimensional approach that asments might be structured to maximize improvements sesses the absence of negative affect, presence of posiin more global well-being constructs such as satisfactive affect, and satisfaction with one's life [5]. These tion with life. ᭧ 2000 American Health Foundation and Academic Press affective and cognitive components of well-being are Key Words: exercise; aging; psychological well-being; often collectively referred to by the umbrella term of controlled trial. subjective well-being (SWB; [5]). Although the SWB collective has been examined across a broad array of environments [6], typically only individual affective 1 Funding for this study was provided by the National Institute on components (e.g., positive affect, well-being) are mea-Aging (Grant AG 12113). 2 To whom reprint requests should be addressed at Department of sured in physical activity research.
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