International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science
Metallurgy has always played an important role in the almost 4000-year history of Georgia's s... more Metallurgy has always played an important role in the almost 4000-year history of Georgia's statehood. Its specificity, development, ups and downs and new reincarnations in other times and places, over and over again, is the main plot of this article. The metallurgical centers of South Georgia (the Lower Caucasus Range) are considered the birthplace of iron metallurgy in the world and throughout the ancient era played a leading role in the markets of the then world. However, during the Middle Ages, Georgian metallurgy was forced to hide in the Northern Mountains to keep away from aggressive invaders, and suffered from a limited ore base and isolation. The article attempts to analyze and clarify iron deposits in Georgia, which may have been used by ancient metal masters. In addition, those small elements were established that were added to iron to produce high-quality steel, and later Damascus steel in Georgia.
“International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science”. # 2(38), 2023
Metallurgy has always played an important role in the almost 4000-year history of Georgia's state... more Metallurgy has always played an important role in the almost 4000-year history of Georgia's statehood. Its specificity, development, ups and downs and new reincarnations in other times and places, over and over again, is the main plot of this article. The metallurgical centers of South Georgia (the Lower Caucasus Range) are considered the birthplace of iron metallurgy in the world and throughout the ancient era played a leading role in the markets of the then world. However, during the Middle Ages, Georgian metallurgy was forced to hide in the Northern Mountains to keep away from aggressive invaders, and suffered from a limited ore base and isolation. The article attempts to analyze and clarify iron deposits in Georgia, which may have been used by ancient metal masters. In addition, those small elements were established that were added to iron to produce high-quality steel, and later Damascus steel in Georgia.
At present, the main pipelines represent the most profitable economic means in terms of transport... more At present, the main pipelines represent the most profitable economic means in terms of transportation, supply and exploitation of energy resources. Since their laying is associated with a change in the natural environment, the ecological study of these corridors is a prerequisite. Geo-ecological study of the main pipelines is divided into three stages. This is the study of the pipeline route, to establish the existing background before the work begins. The second stage is the establishment of environmental impact during the laying of the pipeline. The third step is to monitor the environmental problems encountered during exploitation.The presented article gives a geo-ecological study of the corridors of gas pipelines in the section 1200, 1000 and 700 mm on the Kazbegi-Red Bridge (North-South) section. Carried out works represents the first stage of the study, and we have identified the physical and biological characteristics of the pipeline corridors. It was determined the purity o...
The combined geoecological works carried out within the bounds of Black Sea coastline (Georgian S... more The combined geoecological works carried out within the bounds of Black Sea coastline (Georgian Section) in 2008 gave the following results: Contamination of sea water surface with oil products does not exceed the regulatory values; Hydrochemical parameters of sea and the rivers dis- charging into the sea were determined. High concentrations of magnesium and arsenic were observed in the bottom sediments of sea and Rioni River in Poti water area; the composition of copper, lead, zinc, magnesium and arsenic highly exceed the Dutch norms in some samples of toposoils taken along the agricultural terrain and motor road. As a result of radiation measurements carried out in the Black Sea coastline the sites are allotted where radiation is higher than the accepted norms; the concentration of magnesium in the biosamples (tea and eucalyptus) highly exceeds the maximum permissible concentra- tion.
Abstract. The study represents the results of an extended study of the main geoecological compone... more Abstract. The study represents the results of an extended study of the main geoecological components of the environment. The study combines direct investigations and an exhausting review of the existing geological information. The results are represented as a set of maps with their respective explanatory notes as follows: map of the natural hydrogeological conditions of Georgia; map of the natural hydrogeochemical conditions of Georgia; map of the natural geological (seismic) conditions of Georgia; map of the natural hydro-meteorological conditions of Georgia; map of the human-induced geochemical conditions of Georgia; map of the human-induced hydrogeochemical conditions of Georgia; map of the natural geoecological conditions of Georgia with main environment polluting sources.
At present, the main pipelines represent the most profitable economic means in terms of transport... more At present, the main pipelines represent the most profitable economic means in terms of transportation,supply and exploitation of energy resources. Since their laying is associated with a change in the natural environment,the ecological study of these corridors is a prerequisite. Geo-ecological study of the main pipelines is divided into three stages.This is the study of the pipeline route, to establish the existing background before the work begins.The second stage is the establishment of environmental impact during the laying of the pipeline.The third step is to monitor the environmental problems encountered during exploitation. The presented article gives a geo-ecological study of the corridors of gas pipelines in the section 1200, 1000 and 700 mm on the Kazbegi-Red Bridge (North-South) section. Carried out works represents the first stage of the study, and we have identified the physical and biological characteristics of the pipeline corridors.It was determined the purity of air, noise, chemical composition of soil, water and vegetation cover, as well as engineering and geological conditions of gas pipeline corridors. The results obtained do not exceed the values of the maximum permissible concentrations adopted in Georgia and in European countries, although Pl, Co, Ni and Cd show increased values directly near the gas pipeline.
In a previous article the writers presented a general overview of clay raw materials available in... more In a previous article the writers presented a general overview of clay raw materials available in Georgia for ceramic applications. In the last years they concentrated their researches on Western Georgia, where in the past some interesting depositswere identified as source forhigh quality ceramics. The article will describe laboratory tests made on clay samples collected in Imereti and Guria regions.
Uncontrolled activity by humans towards nature is endangering not only nature, but human exist-
e... more Uncontrolled activity by humans towards nature is endangering not only nature, but human exist- ence as well. Industrial development has introduced a number of negative impacts along with the positive ones. Sadly, West Georgia is not an exception in terms of ecological pollution. The study represents the results of an extended study of the main geo-ecological components of the environment. The study combines direct investigations and an exhausting review of the existing geological information.
As a result it could be said that content of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co) in sea, in rivers and bottom sediments
as well as in various soils and bio-samples has selective character. Their anomalous values are pre-conditioned by
technogenic reasons (fertilizer application, transport efflux); in comparison to radiation basis accepted in Georgia,
radiation
values measured by ourselves are slightly higher in some samples of West Georgia (including in clay soils of Batumi, Green Cape and Poti); Manganese and Arsenic content in soils around Rioni river inflow, bottom sediments and bio-samples are much higher than basic values. The results of researches are represented as a Geo-ecological map of West Georgia with their respective explanatory notes.
A study of serpentinites and overlying deposits located of the village of Sadakhlo suggests the p... more A study of serpentinites and overlying deposits located of the village of Sadakhlo suggests the possibility of the pre-Upper Jurassic obduction of the serpentinite melange.
In the almost 5000 years long history of Georgia metallurgy has always played an important role. ... more In the almost 5000 years long history of Georgia metallurgy has always played an important role. Its specifics, development, ups and downs and new reincarnations in other times and places, over and over again are the main story in this paper. Southern Georgian metallurgical centres are considered the birth place of the iron metallurgy of the world and have played leading role on the markets of the then known world during the whole Antiquity. In the Middle Ages, however, Georgian metallurgy is forced to hide in the Northern mountains to keep away from aggressive intruders and suffers from restricted ore base and isolation. The last flash of the Georgian iron metallurgy is seen in the South Eastern territory in XIX century. The present day Georgian metallurgy is entirely based on import.
Proceedings of Caucasian Alexander Tvalchrelidze Institute of Mineral Resources, 2009
In the almost 4000 years long history of Georgia metallurgy has always played important role. Its... more In the almost 4000 years long history of Georgia metallurgy has always played important role. Its specifics, development, ups and downs and new reincarnations in other times and places, over and again are the main story in this paper. Southern Georgian metallurgic centers are considered the birth place of the iron metallurgy in the world and have played leading role on the markets of the then known world during the whole antique epoch. In the middle ages, however, Georgian metallurgy is forced to hide in the Northern Mountains to keep away from aggressive intruders and suffers from restricted ore base and isolation. Last flash of Georgian iron metallurgy is seen in the South Easter territory in XIX century. Today's Georgian metallurgy is entirely import based.
International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science
Metallurgy has always played an important role in the almost 4000-year history of Georgia's s... more Metallurgy has always played an important role in the almost 4000-year history of Georgia's statehood. Its specificity, development, ups and downs and new reincarnations in other times and places, over and over again, is the main plot of this article. The metallurgical centers of South Georgia (the Lower Caucasus Range) are considered the birthplace of iron metallurgy in the world and throughout the ancient era played a leading role in the markets of the then world. However, during the Middle Ages, Georgian metallurgy was forced to hide in the Northern Mountains to keep away from aggressive invaders, and suffered from a limited ore base and isolation. The article attempts to analyze and clarify iron deposits in Georgia, which may have been used by ancient metal masters. In addition, those small elements were established that were added to iron to produce high-quality steel, and later Damascus steel in Georgia.
“International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science”. # 2(38), 2023
Metallurgy has always played an important role in the almost 4000-year history of Georgia's state... more Metallurgy has always played an important role in the almost 4000-year history of Georgia's statehood. Its specificity, development, ups and downs and new reincarnations in other times and places, over and over again, is the main plot of this article. The metallurgical centers of South Georgia (the Lower Caucasus Range) are considered the birthplace of iron metallurgy in the world and throughout the ancient era played a leading role in the markets of the then world. However, during the Middle Ages, Georgian metallurgy was forced to hide in the Northern Mountains to keep away from aggressive invaders, and suffered from a limited ore base and isolation. The article attempts to analyze and clarify iron deposits in Georgia, which may have been used by ancient metal masters. In addition, those small elements were established that were added to iron to produce high-quality steel, and later Damascus steel in Georgia.
At present, the main pipelines represent the most profitable economic means in terms of transport... more At present, the main pipelines represent the most profitable economic means in terms of transportation, supply and exploitation of energy resources. Since their laying is associated with a change in the natural environment, the ecological study of these corridors is a prerequisite. Geo-ecological study of the main pipelines is divided into three stages. This is the study of the pipeline route, to establish the existing background before the work begins. The second stage is the establishment of environmental impact during the laying of the pipeline. The third step is to monitor the environmental problems encountered during exploitation.The presented article gives a geo-ecological study of the corridors of gas pipelines in the section 1200, 1000 and 700 mm on the Kazbegi-Red Bridge (North-South) section. Carried out works represents the first stage of the study, and we have identified the physical and biological characteristics of the pipeline corridors. It was determined the purity o...
The combined geoecological works carried out within the bounds of Black Sea coastline (Georgian S... more The combined geoecological works carried out within the bounds of Black Sea coastline (Georgian Section) in 2008 gave the following results: Contamination of sea water surface with oil products does not exceed the regulatory values; Hydrochemical parameters of sea and the rivers dis- charging into the sea were determined. High concentrations of magnesium and arsenic were observed in the bottom sediments of sea and Rioni River in Poti water area; the composition of copper, lead, zinc, magnesium and arsenic highly exceed the Dutch norms in some samples of toposoils taken along the agricultural terrain and motor road. As a result of radiation measurements carried out in the Black Sea coastline the sites are allotted where radiation is higher than the accepted norms; the concentration of magnesium in the biosamples (tea and eucalyptus) highly exceeds the maximum permissible concentra- tion.
Abstract. The study represents the results of an extended study of the main geoecological compone... more Abstract. The study represents the results of an extended study of the main geoecological components of the environment. The study combines direct investigations and an exhausting review of the existing geological information. The results are represented as a set of maps with their respective explanatory notes as follows: map of the natural hydrogeological conditions of Georgia; map of the natural hydrogeochemical conditions of Georgia; map of the natural geological (seismic) conditions of Georgia; map of the natural hydro-meteorological conditions of Georgia; map of the human-induced geochemical conditions of Georgia; map of the human-induced hydrogeochemical conditions of Georgia; map of the natural geoecological conditions of Georgia with main environment polluting sources.
At present, the main pipelines represent the most profitable economic means in terms of transport... more At present, the main pipelines represent the most profitable economic means in terms of transportation,supply and exploitation of energy resources. Since their laying is associated with a change in the natural environment,the ecological study of these corridors is a prerequisite. Geo-ecological study of the main pipelines is divided into three stages.This is the study of the pipeline route, to establish the existing background before the work begins.The second stage is the establishment of environmental impact during the laying of the pipeline.The third step is to monitor the environmental problems encountered during exploitation. The presented article gives a geo-ecological study of the corridors of gas pipelines in the section 1200, 1000 and 700 mm on the Kazbegi-Red Bridge (North-South) section. Carried out works represents the first stage of the study, and we have identified the physical and biological characteristics of the pipeline corridors.It was determined the purity of air, noise, chemical composition of soil, water and vegetation cover, as well as engineering and geological conditions of gas pipeline corridors. The results obtained do not exceed the values of the maximum permissible concentrations adopted in Georgia and in European countries, although Pl, Co, Ni and Cd show increased values directly near the gas pipeline.
In a previous article the writers presented a general overview of clay raw materials available in... more In a previous article the writers presented a general overview of clay raw materials available in Georgia for ceramic applications. In the last years they concentrated their researches on Western Georgia, where in the past some interesting depositswere identified as source forhigh quality ceramics. The article will describe laboratory tests made on clay samples collected in Imereti and Guria regions.
Uncontrolled activity by humans towards nature is endangering not only nature, but human exist-
e... more Uncontrolled activity by humans towards nature is endangering not only nature, but human exist- ence as well. Industrial development has introduced a number of negative impacts along with the positive ones. Sadly, West Georgia is not an exception in terms of ecological pollution. The study represents the results of an extended study of the main geo-ecological components of the environment. The study combines direct investigations and an exhausting review of the existing geological information.
As a result it could be said that content of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co) in sea, in rivers and bottom sediments
as well as in various soils and bio-samples has selective character. Their anomalous values are pre-conditioned by
technogenic reasons (fertilizer application, transport efflux); in comparison to radiation basis accepted in Georgia,
radiation
values measured by ourselves are slightly higher in some samples of West Georgia (including in clay soils of Batumi, Green Cape and Poti); Manganese and Arsenic content in soils around Rioni river inflow, bottom sediments and bio-samples are much higher than basic values. The results of researches are represented as a Geo-ecological map of West Georgia with their respective explanatory notes.
A study of serpentinites and overlying deposits located of the village of Sadakhlo suggests the p... more A study of serpentinites and overlying deposits located of the village of Sadakhlo suggests the possibility of the pre-Upper Jurassic obduction of the serpentinite melange.
In the almost 5000 years long history of Georgia metallurgy has always played an important role. ... more In the almost 5000 years long history of Georgia metallurgy has always played an important role. Its specifics, development, ups and downs and new reincarnations in other times and places, over and over again are the main story in this paper. Southern Georgian metallurgical centres are considered the birth place of the iron metallurgy of the world and have played leading role on the markets of the then known world during the whole Antiquity. In the Middle Ages, however, Georgian metallurgy is forced to hide in the Northern mountains to keep away from aggressive intruders and suffers from restricted ore base and isolation. The last flash of the Georgian iron metallurgy is seen in the South Eastern territory in XIX century. The present day Georgian metallurgy is entirely based on import.
Proceedings of Caucasian Alexander Tvalchrelidze Institute of Mineral Resources, 2009
In the almost 4000 years long history of Georgia metallurgy has always played important role. Its... more In the almost 4000 years long history of Georgia metallurgy has always played important role. Its specifics, development, ups and downs and new reincarnations in other times and places, over and again are the main story in this paper. Southern Georgian metallurgic centers are considered the birth place of the iron metallurgy in the world and have played leading role on the markets of the then known world during the whole antique epoch. In the middle ages, however, Georgian metallurgy is forced to hide in the Northern Mountains to keep away from aggressive intruders and suffers from restricted ore base and isolation. Last flash of Georgian iron metallurgy is seen in the South Easter territory in XIX century. Today's Georgian metallurgy is entirely import based.
Proceedings of X International Scientific and Practical Conference. Boston, USA. , 2023
Measurements of the radioactive background of soils and bottom
sediments carried out on the terri... more Measurements of the radioactive background of soils and bottom sediments carried out on the territory of Western Georgia. Abnormal areas identified and possible causes of their occurrence explained.
Proceedings of X International Scientific and Practical Conference. Boston, USA. , 2023
Measurements of the radioactive background of soils and bottom
sediments carried out on the terri... more Measurements of the radioactive background of soils and bottom sediments carried out on the territory of Western Georgia. Abnormal areas identified and possible causes of their occurrence explained.
Proceedings of the IX International Scientific and Practical Conference - International Trends in Science and Technology. Vol.1, January. RS Global Sp.O.O.,Warsaw, Poland. , 2019
The consequences of the catastrophic landslide in Tbilisi (Georgia, Caucasus) in 2015 are describ... more The consequences of the catastrophic landslide in Tbilisi (Georgia, Caucasus) in 2015 are described. The main results of geological, geophysical and hydro geological investigations of the landslide region are presented. The engineering solution of the problem of road rehabilitation is presented, including works to strengthen the slopes of the site, the construction of supporting walls, creation of a groundwater drain system and surface water, and so on. A list of measures for prevention of natural disasters is presented.
The Rioni River is the largest and most waterlogged river in western Georgia. At the same time it... more The Rioni River is the largest and most waterlogged river in western Georgia. At the same time it is one of the main rivers that flow into the eastern part of the Black Sea. Analytical materials were collected and studied from river water, riverbed sediments, soil, and bioassays. The radiation condition of the valley was also assessed.(in Georgian)
"Rustaveli Foundation" Contract №215 - Final Report, 2010
In the report is discusses the geo-ecological condition of the Black Sea coast in Georgia within ... more In the report is discusses the geo-ecological condition of the Black Sea coast in Georgia within the data of 2010. Heavy metals and radiation effects have been identified. (In Georgian).
The geoecological issues of Western Georgia are discussed in the book. Analytical material obtain... more The geoecological issues of Western Georgia are discussed in the book. Analytical material obtained as a result of the complex geoecological research conducted for the first time in this area will allow scientists to conduct long-term geochemical monitoring of the region.
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Papers by David Kuparadze
Geo-ecological study of the main pipelines is divided into three stages.This is the study of the pipeline route, to establish the existing background before the work begins.The second stage is the establishment of environmental impact during the laying of the pipeline.The third step is to monitor the environmental problems encountered during exploitation.
The presented article gives a geo-ecological study of the corridors of gas pipelines in the section 1200, 1000 and 700 mm on the Kazbegi-Red Bridge (North-South) section. Carried out works represents the first stage of the study, and we have identified the physical and biological characteristics of the pipeline corridors.It was determined the purity of air, noise, chemical composition of soil, water and vegetation cover, as well as engineering and geological conditions of gas pipeline corridors.
The results obtained do not exceed the values of the maximum permissible concentrations adopted in Georgia and in European countries, although Pl, Co, Ni and Cd show increased values directly near the gas pipeline.
In the last years they concentrated their researches on Western Georgia, where in the past some interesting depositswere identified as source forhigh quality ceramics.
The article will describe laboratory tests made on clay samples collected in Imereti and Guria regions.
ence as well. Industrial development has introduced a number of negative impacts along with the positive ones.
Sadly, West Georgia is not an exception in terms of ecological pollution.
The study represents the results of an extended study of the main geo-ecological components of the environment.
The
study
combines
direct
investigations
and
an
exhausting
review
of
the
existing
geological
information.
As
a
result
it
could
be
said
that
content
of
heavy
metals
(Cu,
Pb,
Zn,
Ni,
Co)
in
sea,
in
rivers
and
bottom
sediments
as
well
as
in
various
soils
and
bio-samples
has
selective
character.
Their
anomalous
values
are
pre-conditioned
by
technogenic
reasons
(fertilizer
application,
transport
efflux);
in
comparison
to
radiation
basis
accepted
in
Georgia,
radiation
values measured by ourselves are slightly higher in some samples of West Georgia (including in clay
soils of Batumi, Green Cape and Poti); Manganese and Arsenic content in soils around Rioni river inflow, bottom
sediments and bio-samples are much higher than basic values.
The results of researches are represented as a Geo-ecological map of West Georgia with their respective
explanatory notes.
Geo-ecological study of the main pipelines is divided into three stages.This is the study of the pipeline route, to establish the existing background before the work begins.The second stage is the establishment of environmental impact during the laying of the pipeline.The third step is to monitor the environmental problems encountered during exploitation.
The presented article gives a geo-ecological study of the corridors of gas pipelines in the section 1200, 1000 and 700 mm on the Kazbegi-Red Bridge (North-South) section. Carried out works represents the first stage of the study, and we have identified the physical and biological characteristics of the pipeline corridors.It was determined the purity of air, noise, chemical composition of soil, water and vegetation cover, as well as engineering and geological conditions of gas pipeline corridors.
The results obtained do not exceed the values of the maximum permissible concentrations adopted in Georgia and in European countries, although Pl, Co, Ni and Cd show increased values directly near the gas pipeline.
In the last years they concentrated their researches on Western Georgia, where in the past some interesting depositswere identified as source forhigh quality ceramics.
The article will describe laboratory tests made on clay samples collected in Imereti and Guria regions.
ence as well. Industrial development has introduced a number of negative impacts along with the positive ones.
Sadly, West Georgia is not an exception in terms of ecological pollution.
The study represents the results of an extended study of the main geo-ecological components of the environment.
The
study
combines
direct
investigations
and
an
exhausting
review
of
the
existing
geological
information.
As
a
result
it
could
be
said
that
content
of
heavy
metals
(Cu,
Pb,
Zn,
Ni,
Co)
in
sea,
in
rivers
and
bottom
sediments
as
well
as
in
various
soils
and
bio-samples
has
selective
character.
Their
anomalous
values
are
pre-conditioned
by
technogenic
reasons
(fertilizer
application,
transport
efflux);
in
comparison
to
radiation
basis
accepted
in
Georgia,
radiation
values measured by ourselves are slightly higher in some samples of West Georgia (including in clay
soils of Batumi, Green Cape and Poti); Manganese and Arsenic content in soils around Rioni river inflow, bottom
sediments and bio-samples are much higher than basic values.
The results of researches are represented as a Geo-ecological map of West Georgia with their respective
explanatory notes.
sediments carried out on the territory of Western Georgia. Abnormal areas identified and possible causes of their occurrence explained.
sediments carried out on the territory of Western Georgia. Abnormal areas identified and possible causes of their occurrence explained.