7th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2014), 2014
ABSTRACT A seamless, sustainable and reliable communication infrastructure is crucial to realise ... more ABSTRACT A seamless, sustainable and reliable communication infrastructure is crucial to realise smart grid operations and functionalities. The communications infrastructure in smart grid is not only required to be pervasive, scalable, and secure but also expected to be resilient and guarantee a required Quality of Service (QoS) to an end node. Narrow band power line communications (NBPLC) is believed to be a natural and cost effective choice for smart grid communication because it uses the existing infrastructures of the power grid that is much more extensive and pervasive than any other wired or wireless alternatives. This also eliminates the need for additional wire installation and external subscription for data transfer. However, because most smart grid applications have critical timing requirements, the frequency and time varying characteristics of the power line channel together with its background noise, limited band width and harmonic interference results in unacceptable packet loss during service transmission. Communication solution with Reliable, timely delivery which supports a given QoS for smart grid applications with critical timing requirements will although challenging is highly desirable. This paper investigates the resilience and performance of time critical smart grid application data over power line channels; specifically DLC (Distribution Line Carrier). It was shown that employing RoHC compression scheme on smart grid application IP packets can maximise bandwidth usage and enhance low delay and latency on both uplinks and downlink in a DLC channel.
2014 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON), 2014
ABSTRACT The concept of Smart grid technology sets greater demands for reliability and resilience... more ABSTRACT The concept of Smart grid technology sets greater demands for reliability and resilience on communications infrastructure. Wireless communication is a promising alternative for distribution level, Home Area Network (HAN), smart metering and even the backbone networks that connect smart grid applications to control centres. In this paper, the reliability and resilience of smart grid communication network is analysed using the IEEE 802.11 communication technology in both infrastructure single hop and mesh multiple-hop topologies for smart meters in a Building Area Network (BAN). Performance of end to end delay and Round Trip Time (RTT) of an infrastructure mode smart meter network for Demand Response (DR) function is presented. Hybrid deployment of these network topologies is also suggested to provide resilience and redundancy in the network during network failure or when security of the network is circumvented. This recommendation can also be deployed in other areas of the grid where wireless technologies are used. DR communication from consumer premises is used to show the performance of an infrastructure mode smart metering network.
4th International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives, 2013
ABSTRACT A smart grid combines a set of functionalities that can only be achieved through ubiquit... more ABSTRACT A smart grid combines a set of functionalities that can only be achieved through ubiquitous sensing and communication across the electrical grid. A heterogeneous communication applied through the adaptation of the Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN) layered structure to Smart Grid has been proposed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). This paper presents the communications technologies which can be deployed within USN schematic layers for a secure and robust communication, together with a study of their pro's and con's. It also discusses the factors that can affect the selection of communication technologies and suggests possible communications technologies at different USN layers.
Journal of medical Internet research, Jan 15, 2016
Electronic health records are widely acknowledged to provide an important opportunity to anonymiz... more Electronic health records are widely acknowledged to provide an important opportunity to anonymize patient-level health care data and collate across populations to support research. Nonetheless, in the wake of public and policy concerns about security and inappropriate use of data, conventional approaches toward data governance may no longer be sufficient to respect and protect individual privacy. One proposed solution to improve transparency and public trust is known as Dynamic Consent, which uses information technology to facilitate a more explicit and accessible opportunity to opt out. In this case, patients can tailor preferences about whom they share their data with and can change their preferences reliably at any time. Furthermore, electronic systems provide opportunities for informing patients about data recipients and the results of research to which their data have contributed. To explore patient perspectives on the use of anonymized health care data for research purposes. ...
2000 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (Cat. No.00CH37060), 2000
We consider messages represented as matrices. The term rank norm of a matrix is defined as minima... more We consider messages represented as matrices. The term rank norm of a matrix is defined as minimal number of lines (rows and columns) which cover all the non zero entries of a matrix. We propose a family of codes correcting term rank errors. These codes are optimal since they reach the Singleton-type bound
The concept of the reconfigurable radio system requires new methods for the design and maintenanc... more The concept of the reconfigurable radio system requires new methods for the design and maintenance of the signal processing hardware and its flexible software and configurations. Existing methods used for hardware and software codesign need modification to take into account increased redundancy and how it may be used dynamically throughout the lifetime of the hardware platform. This paper describes the design flow used to build a reconfigurable processing demonstrator which is primarily intended to reconfigure between DCS1800 and UTRA air interfaces. This demonstrator forms part of the EU funded CAST (configurable radio with advance software technology) project
The advent of enabling technologies for reconfigurable logic processing requires that investigati... more The advent of enabling technologies for reconfigurable logic processing requires that investigation into new design methodologies is made before they can be used effectively. This paper presents the design of an FPGA configuration for the decoding of convolutional codes. These codes provide resilience in noisy transmission conditions for many different digital communication systems. The decoder can be reconfigured to decode any convolutional code up to constraint length 9 and any rate to a minimum of 1/6. This investigative design reveals methods on how to implement parametable algorithms using configurable logic
Intrinsic synchronisation algorithms increase the data throughput of a system at the expense of p... more Intrinsic synchronisation algorithms increase the data throughput of a system at the expense of processing. The trellis extracted synchronisation technique (TEST) is an intrinsic synchronisation algorithm for the combined decoding and synchronisation of error control block codes. This paper illustrates two enhancements to the TEST algorithm which improves synchronisation performance and reduces processing. Inherent errors due to the linearity and cyclic properties of block codes are corrected. A simple estimate of future synchronisation points in a data stream can be efficiently used to decrease the processing with no expense of coding performance
6th IEE International Conference on 3G and Beyond (05/11182), 2005
ABSTRACT Location awareness is an important capability for a series of wirelessly-enhanced busine... more ABSTRACT Location awareness is an important capability for a series of wirelessly-enhanced business and consumer mobile applications. Low-cost devices that can be incorporated into a broad range of business and consumer appliances can be used for location determination and tracking. In this paper, we demonstrate a radio beacon-based approach that suggests heterogeneous wireless networks can be joined together to provide wide area tracking capability. Our implementation is based on probabilistic and statistical techniques, where signal strengths measurements from cellular networks are used to estimate the user's location. Simulation results and field tests around Lancaster University campus show that these techniques can achieve good performance (accuracy less than 50 m) compared with traditional deterministic methods (i.e. triangulation).
7th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2014), 2014
ABSTRACT A seamless, sustainable and reliable communication infrastructure is crucial to realise ... more ABSTRACT A seamless, sustainable and reliable communication infrastructure is crucial to realise smart grid operations and functionalities. The communications infrastructure in smart grid is not only required to be pervasive, scalable, and secure but also expected to be resilient and guarantee a required Quality of Service (QoS) to an end node. Narrow band power line communications (NBPLC) is believed to be a natural and cost effective choice for smart grid communication because it uses the existing infrastructures of the power grid that is much more extensive and pervasive than any other wired or wireless alternatives. This also eliminates the need for additional wire installation and external subscription for data transfer. However, because most smart grid applications have critical timing requirements, the frequency and time varying characteristics of the power line channel together with its background noise, limited band width and harmonic interference results in unacceptable packet loss during service transmission. Communication solution with Reliable, timely delivery which supports a given QoS for smart grid applications with critical timing requirements will although challenging is highly desirable. This paper investigates the resilience and performance of time critical smart grid application data over power line channels; specifically DLC (Distribution Line Carrier). It was shown that employing RoHC compression scheme on smart grid application IP packets can maximise bandwidth usage and enhance low delay and latency on both uplinks and downlink in a DLC channel.
2014 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON), 2014
ABSTRACT The concept of Smart grid technology sets greater demands for reliability and resilience... more ABSTRACT The concept of Smart grid technology sets greater demands for reliability and resilience on communications infrastructure. Wireless communication is a promising alternative for distribution level, Home Area Network (HAN), smart metering and even the backbone networks that connect smart grid applications to control centres. In this paper, the reliability and resilience of smart grid communication network is analysed using the IEEE 802.11 communication technology in both infrastructure single hop and mesh multiple-hop topologies for smart meters in a Building Area Network (BAN). Performance of end to end delay and Round Trip Time (RTT) of an infrastructure mode smart meter network for Demand Response (DR) function is presented. Hybrid deployment of these network topologies is also suggested to provide resilience and redundancy in the network during network failure or when security of the network is circumvented. This recommendation can also be deployed in other areas of the grid where wireless technologies are used. DR communication from consumer premises is used to show the performance of an infrastructure mode smart metering network.
4th International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives, 2013
ABSTRACT A smart grid combines a set of functionalities that can only be achieved through ubiquit... more ABSTRACT A smart grid combines a set of functionalities that can only be achieved through ubiquitous sensing and communication across the electrical grid. A heterogeneous communication applied through the adaptation of the Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN) layered structure to Smart Grid has been proposed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). This paper presents the communications technologies which can be deployed within USN schematic layers for a secure and robust communication, together with a study of their pro's and con's. It also discusses the factors that can affect the selection of communication technologies and suggests possible communications technologies at different USN layers.
Journal of medical Internet research, Jan 15, 2016
Electronic health records are widely acknowledged to provide an important opportunity to anonymiz... more Electronic health records are widely acknowledged to provide an important opportunity to anonymize patient-level health care data and collate across populations to support research. Nonetheless, in the wake of public and policy concerns about security and inappropriate use of data, conventional approaches toward data governance may no longer be sufficient to respect and protect individual privacy. One proposed solution to improve transparency and public trust is known as Dynamic Consent, which uses information technology to facilitate a more explicit and accessible opportunity to opt out. In this case, patients can tailor preferences about whom they share their data with and can change their preferences reliably at any time. Furthermore, electronic systems provide opportunities for informing patients about data recipients and the results of research to which their data have contributed. To explore patient perspectives on the use of anonymized health care data for research purposes. ...
2000 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (Cat. No.00CH37060), 2000
We consider messages represented as matrices. The term rank norm of a matrix is defined as minima... more We consider messages represented as matrices. The term rank norm of a matrix is defined as minimal number of lines (rows and columns) which cover all the non zero entries of a matrix. We propose a family of codes correcting term rank errors. These codes are optimal since they reach the Singleton-type bound
The concept of the reconfigurable radio system requires new methods for the design and maintenanc... more The concept of the reconfigurable radio system requires new methods for the design and maintenance of the signal processing hardware and its flexible software and configurations. Existing methods used for hardware and software codesign need modification to take into account increased redundancy and how it may be used dynamically throughout the lifetime of the hardware platform. This paper describes the design flow used to build a reconfigurable processing demonstrator which is primarily intended to reconfigure between DCS1800 and UTRA air interfaces. This demonstrator forms part of the EU funded CAST (configurable radio with advance software technology) project
The advent of enabling technologies for reconfigurable logic processing requires that investigati... more The advent of enabling technologies for reconfigurable logic processing requires that investigation into new design methodologies is made before they can be used effectively. This paper presents the design of an FPGA configuration for the decoding of convolutional codes. These codes provide resilience in noisy transmission conditions for many different digital communication systems. The decoder can be reconfigured to decode any convolutional code up to constraint length 9 and any rate to a minimum of 1/6. This investigative design reveals methods on how to implement parametable algorithms using configurable logic
Intrinsic synchronisation algorithms increase the data throughput of a system at the expense of p... more Intrinsic synchronisation algorithms increase the data throughput of a system at the expense of processing. The trellis extracted synchronisation technique (TEST) is an intrinsic synchronisation algorithm for the combined decoding and synchronisation of error control block codes. This paper illustrates two enhancements to the TEST algorithm which improves synchronisation performance and reduces processing. Inherent errors due to the linearity and cyclic properties of block codes are corrected. A simple estimate of future synchronisation points in a data stream can be efficiently used to decrease the processing with no expense of coding performance
6th IEE International Conference on 3G and Beyond (05/11182), 2005
ABSTRACT Location awareness is an important capability for a series of wirelessly-enhanced busine... more ABSTRACT Location awareness is an important capability for a series of wirelessly-enhanced business and consumer mobile applications. Low-cost devices that can be incorporated into a broad range of business and consumer appliances can be used for location determination and tracking. In this paper, we demonstrate a radio beacon-based approach that suggests heterogeneous wireless networks can be joined together to provide wide area tracking capability. Our implementation is based on probabilistic and statistical techniques, where signal strengths measurements from cellular networks are used to estimate the user's location. Simulation results and field tests around Lancaster University campus show that these techniques can achieve good performance (accuracy less than 50 m) compared with traditional deterministic methods (i.e. triangulation).
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Papers by David Lund