Context: The risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear for athletes participating in... more Context: The risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear for athletes participating in pivoting sports includes young age and female sex. A previous meta-analysis has reported a reinjury rate of 15% after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) for athletes across all sports. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of available literature reporting outcomes after ACLR in soccer players. Objective: To review and aggregate soccer-specific outcomes data after ACLR found in current literature to help guide a more tailored discussion regarding expectations and prognosis for soccer players seeking operative management of ACL injuries. Data Sources: A comprehensive search of publications was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and SPORTDiscus databases. Study Selection: Inclusion criteria consisted of original studies, level of evidence 1 to 4, studies reporting clinical and patient-reported outco...
Background: The use of “orthobiologics” or regenerative therapies in orthopaedic surgery has grow... more Background: The use of “orthobiologics” or regenerative therapies in orthopaedic surgery has grown in recent years. Particular interest has been raised with regard to platelet-rich plasma, bone marrow aspirate, adipose-derived cells, and amniotic cells. Although studies have analyzed outcomes after orthobiologic treatment, no study has analyzed how the literature as a whole has evolved. Purpose: To evaluate trends in platelet-rich plasma, bone marrow aspirate, adipose-derived cells, and amniotic cell publications and to assess how these might inform efforts to establish minimum reporting standards and forecast future use. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A database was compiled systematically using PubMed to identify articles published between 2009 and 2019 within 9 prominent orthopaedic journals and pertaining to the use of platelet-rich plasma, bone marrow aspirate, adipose-derived cells, and amniotic cells in the treatment of musculoskeletal conditi...
Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
Purpose: The purpose of this finite element analysis was to compare femoral tunnel length; anteri... more Purpose: The purpose of this finite element analysis was to compare femoral tunnel length; anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction graft bending angle; and peak graft stress, contact force, and contact area created by the transtibial, anteromedial portal (AMP), and hybrid transtibial techniques. Methods: Finite element analysis modeling was used to examine anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction models based on transtibial, AMP, and hybrid transtibial femoral tunnel drilling techniques. An evaluation of femoral tunnel length, graft bending angle, peak graft stress, contact force, and contact area was done in comparison of these techniques. Results: The femoral tunnel created with the hybrid transtibial technique was 45.3 mm, which was 13.3% longer than that achieved with the AMP technique but 15.2% shorter than that with the transtibial technique. The femoral graft bending angle with the hybrid transtibial technique (105°) was less acute than that with the AMP technique (102°), ...
Background Advances have been made to the traditional inlay Grammont Reverse Shoulder Arthroplast... more Background Advances have been made to the traditional inlay Grammont Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty (RSA) design such as the onlay humeral component prosthesis. Currently, there is no agreement in the literature regarding the best option for the humeral component when comparing inlay and onlay designs. This review compares the outcomes and complications between onlay versus inlay humeral components for RSA. Methods A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Embase. Only studies reporting outcomes comparing onlay versus inlay RSA humeral components were included. Results Four studies with 298 patients (306 shoulders) were included. Onlay humeral components were associated with better external rotation (ER) ( p < 0.0001). No significant difference in forward flexion (FF) or abduction was found. Constant scores (CS) and VAS scores did not differ. Increased scapular notching was found in the inlay group (23.18%) versus the onlay group (7.74%) ( p = 0.02). Postoperative scapula...
European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology
Despite the extensive use of PROs in ankle fracture research, no study has quantified which PROs ... more Despite the extensive use of PROs in ankle fracture research, no study has quantified which PROs are most commonly used for assessing outcomes of patients who sustain fractures of the posterior malleolus. The purpose of this study was therefore to quantify which PROs are most commonly used for outcome research after posterior malleolus fractures. A systematic search was performed using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. Articles were identified through Pubmed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and cochrane central register of controlled trials through May of 2021. Included articles were analyzed for the primary outcome of the most commonly reported PRO. The American orthopedic foot and ankle ankle-hindfoot score (AOFAS) was the most commonly used PRO for assessment of posterior malleolus fracture outcomes, used in 37 of 72 studies (51.4%). The second and third most common were the olerud-molander ankle score (OMAS) (22 studies, 30.6%) and the visual analogue score (VAS) (21 studies, 29.2%). Eleven different PROs were used only once. Quality of evidence was graded as low given the percentage of studies that were observational or case series (68 of 72 studies, 94.4%). Investigators have used many different PROs to assess outcomes for posterior malleolus fractures, the most common of which are the AOFAS, OMAS, and VAS. Future investigators should attempt to unify outcome reporting for these injuries.
Background: Focal cartilage lesions of the knee remain a difficult entity to treat. Current treat... more Background: Focal cartilage lesions of the knee remain a difficult entity to treat. Current treatment options include arthroscopic debridement, microfracture, autograft or allograft osteochondral transplantation, and cell-based therapies such as autologous chondrocyte transplantation. Osteochondral transplantation techniques restore the normal topography of the condyles and provide mature hyaline cartilage in a single-stage procedure. However, clinical outcomes comparing autograft versus allograft techniques are scarce. Purpose: To perform a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of high-quality studies to evaluate the results of osteochondral autograft and allograft transplantation for the treatment of symptomatic cartilage defects of the knee. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted using various databases. Inclusion criteria were level 1 or 2 original studies, studies with ...
OBJECTIVES To evaluate COVID-19 transmission rates in athletes upon return to sport (RTS), as wel... more OBJECTIVES To evaluate COVID-19 transmission rates in athletes upon return to sport (RTS), as well as the effectiveness of preventive and surveillance measures associated with RTS. METHODS In accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify all articles reporting on RTS during COVID-19. Articles were excluded on the basis of the following criteria: (1) non-English text, (2) only abstract available, (3) population not athlete-specific, (4) outcome not RTS-specific, (5) COVID-19 transmission data not quantified, (6) editorial, or (7) review article or meta-analysis. Study characteristics; athlete demographics; COVID-19 preventive, surveillance, and diagnostic measures; COVID-19 transmission outcomes; and RTS recommendations were collected from each included article and analyzed. RESULTS 10 studies were included in the final analysis, comprising over 97,000 athletes across a wide variety of sports, levels of play, and RTS settings. Of the 10 studies, eight identified low transmission rates and considered RTS to be safe/low risk. Overall, COVID-19 transmission rates were higher in athletes than in contacts, and more prevalent in the greater community than in athletes specifically. The risk of COVID-19 did not appear to be necessarily higher for athletes who played high-contact team sports, shared common facilities, or lived in communities impacted by high transmission rates, provided that rigorous COVID-19 safety and testing protocols were implemented and followed. Mask wearing and physical distancing during active play presented the greatest challenge to athletes. CONCLUSION Rigorous preventive and surveillance measures can mitigate the risk of COVID-19 transmission in athletes upon RTS. However, the heterogeneity of RTS playing conditions, availability of COVID-19 resources, rise of unforeseen novel variants, and undetermined long-term impact of vaccination on athletes remain a challenge to safe and effective RTS in the era of COVID-19.
Introduction: To compare subjective and objective outcomes of fibular and combined tibial-fibular... more Introduction: To compare subjective and objective outcomes of fibular and combined tibial-fibular (TF)-based posterolateral corner (PLC) reconstruction. Methods: A systematic review of literature reporting outcomes of posterolateral corner reconstruction was conducted including outcome studies of surgically treated PLC injuries with a minimum 1-year follow-up, postoperative subjective and objective outcomes including the patient-reported outcome scorings of Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee evaluation (subjective and objective), dial test, and varus stress radiographs. Results: The 32 studies included comprised 40 cohorts: 12 cohorts (n = 350 knees) used a fibular-based technique, and 28 cohorts (n = 593 knees) used a combined TF-based technique. No statistically significant differences were found in patient-reported outcomes or objective clinical measurements comparing the two techniques using the Lysholm score (P = 0.204, τ2 = 3.46), International Knee Documentation Committee evaluation (subjective P = 0.21 τ2 = 15.57; objective P = 0.398), dial test (P = 0.69), or varus stress radiographs (P = 0.98, τ2 = 0.08). Conclusions: This study found no statistically significant differences in subjective or objective clinical outcome measurements after fibular-based versus combined TF-based PLC reconstruction. Further prospective evaluation comparing long-term clinical outcomes, complications, and surgical time may help to elucidate a preferred reconstructive technique.
Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery, 2021
PURPOSE To determine the rate of intraoperative and early postoperative (90-day) complications of... more PURPOSE To determine the rate of intraoperative and early postoperative (90-day) complications of multiligamentous knee reconstruction surgeries, both medical and surgical, and associated variables from the 15-year experience of a single academic institution. METHODS Patients treated at a single academic institution between 2005-2019 who underwent multiligament knee surgery were identified. Inclusion criteria included intervention with 2+ ligament reconstructions performed concurrently, and more than 90 days postoperative follow-up. Exclusion criteria included revision ligamentous knee surgery. Patient demographics, mechanism of injury, associated injuries of patients with intraoperative and postoperative complications, time from injury to multiligamentous knee reconstruction and surgical data including tourniquet time, procedure time, and type of procedures performed were retrospectively recorded. RESULTS 301 knees in 296 patients met the eligibility criteria. There were 11 intraoperative complications in 9 knees (rate of 3%) and 136 postoperative complications in 90 knees (rate of 30%). Shorter time from injury to date of surgery was associated with arthrofibrosis (p= 0.001) and superficial wound infections (p= 0.015). Concurrent head injuries were associated with less complications (p=0. 029). Procedural time >300 minutes was associated with intraoperative blood transfusions (p> .05), deep infections (p= 0.003) and arthrofibrosis (p= 0.012). Inside-out meniscal repair was associated with superficial and deep infections (p= 0.006 and 0.0004). Tibial-based posterolateral corner (PLC) reconstruction was associated with symptomatic hardware (p= 0.037) and arthrofibrosis (p= 0.019) in comparison with fibular-based PLC reconstruction. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction was associated with deep infections (p= 0.015), arthrofibrosis (p= 0.003), and post-operative blood transfusions (p= 0.018). CONCLUSION Our 15-year data reveals there is a low intraoperative complication rate and high early postoperative complication rate with multiligamentous knee surgery. Surgeons should be wary of the increased intraoperative and postoperative complications associated with longer procedure times, inside-out meniscal repair, tibial-based PLC reconstruction, PLC reconstruction, and shorter time to surgery.
Background: The purpose of the present study was to perform the first examination of the utility ... more Background: The purpose of the present study was to perform the first examination of the utility of p values and the degree of statistical fragility in the hip arthroscopy literature by applying both the Fragility Index (FI) and the Fragility Quotient (FQ) to dichotomous comparative trials. We hypothesized that dichotomous comparative trials evaluating categorical outcomes in the hip arthroscopy literature are statistically fragile. Methods: The PubMed and MEDLINE databases were queried from 2008-2018 for comparative studies evaluating dichotomous data in the hip arthroscopy literature. The present analysis included both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs in which dichotomous data and associated p values were reported. Fragility analysis was performed with use of the Fisher exact test until an alteration of significance was determined. Results: Of the 5,836 studies screened, 4,156 met the search criteria, with 52 comparative studies included for analysis. One hundred a...
Background: Fragility analysis is increasingly utilized to evaluate the robustness of results wit... more Background: Fragility analysis is increasingly utilized to evaluate the robustness of results within the orthopaedic literature and has frequently revealed instability of reported outcomes. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this investigation was to utilize a fragility analysis to evaluate the stability of reported results in the patellofemoral instability (PFI) literature. We hypothesized the demonstration of significant fragility in patellofemoral research to be similar to that identified throughout other areas of the orthopaedic literature. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The PubMed database was queried from January 1, 2000, to October 10, 2020 for comparative trials in 10 prominent orthopaedic journals that reported dichotomous outcomes related to the management of PFI. The fragility index (FI) and the fragility quotient (FQ) were calculated for each individual outcome event, and the overall FI and FQ were determined for all included studies. Res...
Background. We assessed the quality, accuracy, and readability of websites for ankle fractures. M... more Background. We assessed the quality, accuracy, and readability of websites for ankle fractures. Methods. Ankle Fracture, Broken Ankle, and Fibular Fracture were entered into 3 search engines. The first 25 results from each search were collected. Quality, accuracy, and readability were assessed by a custom rubric, 3 surgeons, and Fleisch-Kincaid grade level (FKGL), respectively. Results. A total of 57 websites were included: 24 were assigned to Ankle Fracture, 26 to Broken Ankle, and 7 to Fibular Fracture. The average quality score out of 36, accuracy score out of 12, and FKGL for all websites were 13.1 ± 6.8, 10.8 ± 1.2, and 9.6 ± 1.7, respectively. Websites assigned to the term Broken Ankle had a significantly lower New Dale-Chall score. Websites of lower FKGL and appearing earlier in results had significantly higher quality scores. Physician specialty societies (PSSs) had a significantly lower FKGL than websites of other types. Conclusion. The readability of patient materials is a...
Introduction: Probability analysis with the reporting of P values is often used to determine the ... more Introduction: Probability analysis with the reporting of P values is often used to determine the statistical significance of study findings in the Achilles literature. The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of applying a fragility analysis to comparative trials evaluating Achilles tendon injuries. Methods: We identified all dichotomous outcome data for comparative studies of Achilles tendon injuries published in 11 orthopaedic journals from 2000 to 2020. The fragility index (FI) was determined by the number of event reversals required to change a P value from less than 0.05 to greater than 0.05, or vice-versa. The associated fragility quotient was determined by dividing the FI by the sample size. Results: Of the 51,357 studies screened, 1,487 met the search criteria, with 51 comparative studies and 177 total outcome events included for analysis. The overall FI was only 4 with an associated fragility quotient of 0.048. One-half of the studies failed to report lost to follow-up data, with an additional 21.6% reporting loss to follow-up of greater than or equal to 4. Conclusion: Our fragility analysis suggests that Achilles tendon injury outcomes are not as statistically stable as previously thought and should be interpreted with caution.
Context: The risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear for athletes participating in... more Context: The risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear for athletes participating in pivoting sports includes young age and female sex. A previous meta-analysis has reported a reinjury rate of 15% after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) for athletes across all sports. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of available literature reporting outcomes after ACLR in soccer players. Objective: To review and aggregate soccer-specific outcomes data after ACLR found in current literature to help guide a more tailored discussion regarding expectations and prognosis for soccer players seeking operative management of ACL injuries. Data Sources: A comprehensive search of publications was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and SPORTDiscus databases. Study Selection: Inclusion criteria consisted of original studies, level of evidence 1 to 4, studies reporting clinical and patient-reported outco...
Background: The use of “orthobiologics” or regenerative therapies in orthopaedic surgery has grow... more Background: The use of “orthobiologics” or regenerative therapies in orthopaedic surgery has grown in recent years. Particular interest has been raised with regard to platelet-rich plasma, bone marrow aspirate, adipose-derived cells, and amniotic cells. Although studies have analyzed outcomes after orthobiologic treatment, no study has analyzed how the literature as a whole has evolved. Purpose: To evaluate trends in platelet-rich plasma, bone marrow aspirate, adipose-derived cells, and amniotic cell publications and to assess how these might inform efforts to establish minimum reporting standards and forecast future use. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A database was compiled systematically using PubMed to identify articles published between 2009 and 2019 within 9 prominent orthopaedic journals and pertaining to the use of platelet-rich plasma, bone marrow aspirate, adipose-derived cells, and amniotic cells in the treatment of musculoskeletal conditi...
Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
Purpose: The purpose of this finite element analysis was to compare femoral tunnel length; anteri... more Purpose: The purpose of this finite element analysis was to compare femoral tunnel length; anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction graft bending angle; and peak graft stress, contact force, and contact area created by the transtibial, anteromedial portal (AMP), and hybrid transtibial techniques. Methods: Finite element analysis modeling was used to examine anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction models based on transtibial, AMP, and hybrid transtibial femoral tunnel drilling techniques. An evaluation of femoral tunnel length, graft bending angle, peak graft stress, contact force, and contact area was done in comparison of these techniques. Results: The femoral tunnel created with the hybrid transtibial technique was 45.3 mm, which was 13.3% longer than that achieved with the AMP technique but 15.2% shorter than that with the transtibial technique. The femoral graft bending angle with the hybrid transtibial technique (105°) was less acute than that with the AMP technique (102°), ...
Background Advances have been made to the traditional inlay Grammont Reverse Shoulder Arthroplast... more Background Advances have been made to the traditional inlay Grammont Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty (RSA) design such as the onlay humeral component prosthesis. Currently, there is no agreement in the literature regarding the best option for the humeral component when comparing inlay and onlay designs. This review compares the outcomes and complications between onlay versus inlay humeral components for RSA. Methods A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Embase. Only studies reporting outcomes comparing onlay versus inlay RSA humeral components were included. Results Four studies with 298 patients (306 shoulders) were included. Onlay humeral components were associated with better external rotation (ER) ( p < 0.0001). No significant difference in forward flexion (FF) or abduction was found. Constant scores (CS) and VAS scores did not differ. Increased scapular notching was found in the inlay group (23.18%) versus the onlay group (7.74%) ( p = 0.02). Postoperative scapula...
European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology
Despite the extensive use of PROs in ankle fracture research, no study has quantified which PROs ... more Despite the extensive use of PROs in ankle fracture research, no study has quantified which PROs are most commonly used for assessing outcomes of patients who sustain fractures of the posterior malleolus. The purpose of this study was therefore to quantify which PROs are most commonly used for outcome research after posterior malleolus fractures. A systematic search was performed using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. Articles were identified through Pubmed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and cochrane central register of controlled trials through May of 2021. Included articles were analyzed for the primary outcome of the most commonly reported PRO. The American orthopedic foot and ankle ankle-hindfoot score (AOFAS) was the most commonly used PRO for assessment of posterior malleolus fracture outcomes, used in 37 of 72 studies (51.4%). The second and third most common were the olerud-molander ankle score (OMAS) (22 studies, 30.6%) and the visual analogue score (VAS) (21 studies, 29.2%). Eleven different PROs were used only once. Quality of evidence was graded as low given the percentage of studies that were observational or case series (68 of 72 studies, 94.4%). Investigators have used many different PROs to assess outcomes for posterior malleolus fractures, the most common of which are the AOFAS, OMAS, and VAS. Future investigators should attempt to unify outcome reporting for these injuries.
Background: Focal cartilage lesions of the knee remain a difficult entity to treat. Current treat... more Background: Focal cartilage lesions of the knee remain a difficult entity to treat. Current treatment options include arthroscopic debridement, microfracture, autograft or allograft osteochondral transplantation, and cell-based therapies such as autologous chondrocyte transplantation. Osteochondral transplantation techniques restore the normal topography of the condyles and provide mature hyaline cartilage in a single-stage procedure. However, clinical outcomes comparing autograft versus allograft techniques are scarce. Purpose: To perform a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of high-quality studies to evaluate the results of osteochondral autograft and allograft transplantation for the treatment of symptomatic cartilage defects of the knee. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted using various databases. Inclusion criteria were level 1 or 2 original studies, studies with ...
OBJECTIVES To evaluate COVID-19 transmission rates in athletes upon return to sport (RTS), as wel... more OBJECTIVES To evaluate COVID-19 transmission rates in athletes upon return to sport (RTS), as well as the effectiveness of preventive and surveillance measures associated with RTS. METHODS In accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify all articles reporting on RTS during COVID-19. Articles were excluded on the basis of the following criteria: (1) non-English text, (2) only abstract available, (3) population not athlete-specific, (4) outcome not RTS-specific, (5) COVID-19 transmission data not quantified, (6) editorial, or (7) review article or meta-analysis. Study characteristics; athlete demographics; COVID-19 preventive, surveillance, and diagnostic measures; COVID-19 transmission outcomes; and RTS recommendations were collected from each included article and analyzed. RESULTS 10 studies were included in the final analysis, comprising over 97,000 athletes across a wide variety of sports, levels of play, and RTS settings. Of the 10 studies, eight identified low transmission rates and considered RTS to be safe/low risk. Overall, COVID-19 transmission rates were higher in athletes than in contacts, and more prevalent in the greater community than in athletes specifically. The risk of COVID-19 did not appear to be necessarily higher for athletes who played high-contact team sports, shared common facilities, or lived in communities impacted by high transmission rates, provided that rigorous COVID-19 safety and testing protocols were implemented and followed. Mask wearing and physical distancing during active play presented the greatest challenge to athletes. CONCLUSION Rigorous preventive and surveillance measures can mitigate the risk of COVID-19 transmission in athletes upon RTS. However, the heterogeneity of RTS playing conditions, availability of COVID-19 resources, rise of unforeseen novel variants, and undetermined long-term impact of vaccination on athletes remain a challenge to safe and effective RTS in the era of COVID-19.
Introduction: To compare subjective and objective outcomes of fibular and combined tibial-fibular... more Introduction: To compare subjective and objective outcomes of fibular and combined tibial-fibular (TF)-based posterolateral corner (PLC) reconstruction. Methods: A systematic review of literature reporting outcomes of posterolateral corner reconstruction was conducted including outcome studies of surgically treated PLC injuries with a minimum 1-year follow-up, postoperative subjective and objective outcomes including the patient-reported outcome scorings of Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee evaluation (subjective and objective), dial test, and varus stress radiographs. Results: The 32 studies included comprised 40 cohorts: 12 cohorts (n = 350 knees) used a fibular-based technique, and 28 cohorts (n = 593 knees) used a combined TF-based technique. No statistically significant differences were found in patient-reported outcomes or objective clinical measurements comparing the two techniques using the Lysholm score (P = 0.204, τ2 = 3.46), International Knee Documentation Committee evaluation (subjective P = 0.21 τ2 = 15.57; objective P = 0.398), dial test (P = 0.69), or varus stress radiographs (P = 0.98, τ2 = 0.08). Conclusions: This study found no statistically significant differences in subjective or objective clinical outcome measurements after fibular-based versus combined TF-based PLC reconstruction. Further prospective evaluation comparing long-term clinical outcomes, complications, and surgical time may help to elucidate a preferred reconstructive technique.
Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery, 2021
PURPOSE To determine the rate of intraoperative and early postoperative (90-day) complications of... more PURPOSE To determine the rate of intraoperative and early postoperative (90-day) complications of multiligamentous knee reconstruction surgeries, both medical and surgical, and associated variables from the 15-year experience of a single academic institution. METHODS Patients treated at a single academic institution between 2005-2019 who underwent multiligament knee surgery were identified. Inclusion criteria included intervention with 2+ ligament reconstructions performed concurrently, and more than 90 days postoperative follow-up. Exclusion criteria included revision ligamentous knee surgery. Patient demographics, mechanism of injury, associated injuries of patients with intraoperative and postoperative complications, time from injury to multiligamentous knee reconstruction and surgical data including tourniquet time, procedure time, and type of procedures performed were retrospectively recorded. RESULTS 301 knees in 296 patients met the eligibility criteria. There were 11 intraoperative complications in 9 knees (rate of 3%) and 136 postoperative complications in 90 knees (rate of 30%). Shorter time from injury to date of surgery was associated with arthrofibrosis (p= 0.001) and superficial wound infections (p= 0.015). Concurrent head injuries were associated with less complications (p=0. 029). Procedural time >300 minutes was associated with intraoperative blood transfusions (p> .05), deep infections (p= 0.003) and arthrofibrosis (p= 0.012). Inside-out meniscal repair was associated with superficial and deep infections (p= 0.006 and 0.0004). Tibial-based posterolateral corner (PLC) reconstruction was associated with symptomatic hardware (p= 0.037) and arthrofibrosis (p= 0.019) in comparison with fibular-based PLC reconstruction. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction was associated with deep infections (p= 0.015), arthrofibrosis (p= 0.003), and post-operative blood transfusions (p= 0.018). CONCLUSION Our 15-year data reveals there is a low intraoperative complication rate and high early postoperative complication rate with multiligamentous knee surgery. Surgeons should be wary of the increased intraoperative and postoperative complications associated with longer procedure times, inside-out meniscal repair, tibial-based PLC reconstruction, PLC reconstruction, and shorter time to surgery.
Background: The purpose of the present study was to perform the first examination of the utility ... more Background: The purpose of the present study was to perform the first examination of the utility of p values and the degree of statistical fragility in the hip arthroscopy literature by applying both the Fragility Index (FI) and the Fragility Quotient (FQ) to dichotomous comparative trials. We hypothesized that dichotomous comparative trials evaluating categorical outcomes in the hip arthroscopy literature are statistically fragile. Methods: The PubMed and MEDLINE databases were queried from 2008-2018 for comparative studies evaluating dichotomous data in the hip arthroscopy literature. The present analysis included both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs in which dichotomous data and associated p values were reported. Fragility analysis was performed with use of the Fisher exact test until an alteration of significance was determined. Results: Of the 5,836 studies screened, 4,156 met the search criteria, with 52 comparative studies included for analysis. One hundred a...
Background: Fragility analysis is increasingly utilized to evaluate the robustness of results wit... more Background: Fragility analysis is increasingly utilized to evaluate the robustness of results within the orthopaedic literature and has frequently revealed instability of reported outcomes. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this investigation was to utilize a fragility analysis to evaluate the stability of reported results in the patellofemoral instability (PFI) literature. We hypothesized the demonstration of significant fragility in patellofemoral research to be similar to that identified throughout other areas of the orthopaedic literature. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The PubMed database was queried from January 1, 2000, to October 10, 2020 for comparative trials in 10 prominent orthopaedic journals that reported dichotomous outcomes related to the management of PFI. The fragility index (FI) and the fragility quotient (FQ) were calculated for each individual outcome event, and the overall FI and FQ were determined for all included studies. Res...
Background. We assessed the quality, accuracy, and readability of websites for ankle fractures. M... more Background. We assessed the quality, accuracy, and readability of websites for ankle fractures. Methods. Ankle Fracture, Broken Ankle, and Fibular Fracture were entered into 3 search engines. The first 25 results from each search were collected. Quality, accuracy, and readability were assessed by a custom rubric, 3 surgeons, and Fleisch-Kincaid grade level (FKGL), respectively. Results. A total of 57 websites were included: 24 were assigned to Ankle Fracture, 26 to Broken Ankle, and 7 to Fibular Fracture. The average quality score out of 36, accuracy score out of 12, and FKGL for all websites were 13.1 ± 6.8, 10.8 ± 1.2, and 9.6 ± 1.7, respectively. Websites assigned to the term Broken Ankle had a significantly lower New Dale-Chall score. Websites of lower FKGL and appearing earlier in results had significantly higher quality scores. Physician specialty societies (PSSs) had a significantly lower FKGL than websites of other types. Conclusion. The readability of patient materials is a...
Introduction: Probability analysis with the reporting of P values is often used to determine the ... more Introduction: Probability analysis with the reporting of P values is often used to determine the statistical significance of study findings in the Achilles literature. The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of applying a fragility analysis to comparative trials evaluating Achilles tendon injuries. Methods: We identified all dichotomous outcome data for comparative studies of Achilles tendon injuries published in 11 orthopaedic journals from 2000 to 2020. The fragility index (FI) was determined by the number of event reversals required to change a P value from less than 0.05 to greater than 0.05, or vice-versa. The associated fragility quotient was determined by dividing the FI by the sample size. Results: Of the 51,357 studies screened, 1,487 met the search criteria, with 51 comparative studies and 177 total outcome events included for analysis. The overall FI was only 4 with an associated fragility quotient of 0.048. One-half of the studies failed to report lost to follow-up data, with an additional 21.6% reporting loss to follow-up of greater than or equal to 4. Conclusion: Our fragility analysis suggests that Achilles tendon injury outcomes are not as statistically stable as previously thought and should be interpreted with caution.
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Papers by David Trofa