JDR clinical and translational research, Aug 3, 2019
Introduction:Dental and oral health researchers compose a small share of the research workforce, ... more Introduction:Dental and oral health researchers compose a small share of the research workforce, and within this group female researchers form a much smaller share than male researchers. Additionally, a majority of full-time faculty appointments at dental schools are held by men, with women making up only 39% of full-time appointments. These factors suggest that there could be disparities between men and women in obtaining research funding.Objective:The focus of our study was to determine whether there are gender differences in award funding obtained from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research or the National Institutes of Health (NIH).Methods:NIH administrative data were analyzed by focusing on Research Project Grants (RPGs), the primary and most commonly used mechanism to support investigator-initiated research projects. Analyses involved 1 or 2 of the following variables: number of unique applicants or awardees, fiscal years 2007 to 2016, average age of unique applicants, awardee’s degrees, awardee’s age at first R01, and award rates.Results:About two-thirds of RPG applicants and awardees were men. Although there were significantly more male applicants and awardees, there was no significant difference in award rate by gender, and there was no significant award rate variation through time or by degrees. The average ages of RPG applicants were similar for genders for all degrees, except that male dentists and PhD-dentists applying to the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research were older and male MDs and PhD-dentists from dental schools applying to the NIH were older.Conclusions:This study demonstrated that men in the dental/oral health workforce submit more applications and receive more NIH awards than do women; however, there was no difference in award rates between women and men and no difference in ages by gender at which the first R01 awards are received.Knowledge Transfer Statement:Analyses of the implications of this study by the academic dentistry and oral health community could lead to establishing opportunities to expand the representation of women in dental and oral health research. Increasing the number of applications submitted by women may help achieve an equitable balance of grantees in the workforce.
ObjectiveIn 2021, US dental school deans were surveyed to update and expand ADEA deans’ profiles ... more ObjectiveIn 2021, US dental school deans were surveyed to update and expand ADEA deans’ profiles developed in 2002 and 2014.MethodsThe American Dental Education Association (ADEA) and the Academy for Advancing Leadership (AAL) collaborated on an updated version of the 2014 dental deans’ profile survey. On July 1, 2021, the research project was approved as exempt from IRB oversight. The survey was distributed in electronic format on July 31, 2021, to the deans of the 70 US dental schools, including 3 schools that had not yet held their first year of classes. A total of 60 responses were considered.ResultsAdministration/management activities continue to consume deans’ time the most, followed by fundraising. Managing personnel issues and financial/budget issues, including fundraising, represent the top aspects of the position deans must master and the greatest challenges they face and expect to face for the next 5 years. Deans found these same issues the most surprising aspects of thei...
Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), Jan 3, 2016
Although some patients experience adverse events (AEs) resulting in harm caused by treatments in ... more Although some patients experience adverse events (AEs) resulting in harm caused by treatments in dentistry, few published reports have detailed how dental providers describe these events. Understanding how dental treatment professionals view AEs is essential to building a safer environment in dental practice. The authors interviewed dental professionals and domain experts through focus groups and in-depth interviews and asked them to identify the types of AEs that may occur in dental settings. The initial interview and focus group findings yielded 1,514 items that included both causes and AEs. In total, 632 causes were coded into 1 of the 8 categories of the Eindhoven classification, and 882 AEs were coded into 12 categories of a newly developed dental AE classification. Interrater reliability was moderate among coders. The list was reanalyzed, and duplicate items were removed leaving a total of 747 unique AEs and 540 causes. The most frequently identified AE types were "aspira...
Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), 2015
The authors conducted a study to determine the frequency and type of adverse events (AEs) associa... more The authors conducted a study to determine the frequency and type of adverse events (AEs) associated with dental devices reported to the Food and Drug Administration Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database. The authors downloaded and reviewed the dental device-related AEs reported to MAUDE from January 1, 1996, through December 31, 2011. MAUDE received a total of 1,978,056 reports between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2011. Among these reports, 28,046 (1.4%) AE reports were associated with dental devices. Within the dental AE reports that had event type information, 17,261 reported injuries, 7,777 reported device malfunctions, and 66 reported deaths. Among the 66 entries classified as death reports, 52 reported a death in the description; the remaining were either misclassified or lacked sufficient information in the report to determine whether a death had occurred. Of the dental device-associated AEs, 53.5% pertained to endosseous implants. A plethora ...
Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), Jan 3, 2016
Although some patients experience adverse events (AEs) resulting in harm caused by treatments in ... more Although some patients experience adverse events (AEs) resulting in harm caused by treatments in dentistry, few published reports have detailed how dental providers describe these events. Understanding how dental treatment professionals view AEs is essential to building a safer environment in dental practice. The authors interviewed dental professionals and domain experts through focus groups and in-depth interviews and asked them to identify the types of AEs that may occur in dental settings. The initial interview and focus group findings yielded 1,514 items that included both causes and AEs. In total, 632 causes were coded into 1 of the 8 categories of the Eindhoven classification, and 882 AEs were coded into 12 categories of a newly developed dental AE classification. Interrater reliability was moderate among coders. The list was reanalyzed, and duplicate items were removed leaving a total of 747 unique AEs and 540 causes. The most frequently identified AE types were "aspira...
Health Information Technology Systems (HITS) are becoming more widely integrated into patient car... more Health Information Technology Systems (HITS) are becoming more widely integrated into patient care in the dental school setting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a chairside HITS on users in the dental school setting. Qualitative techniques, including interviews, focus groups and observations, were used. Using grounded theory, we saw 9 themes emerge. One theme of particular interest was that "training and support needs of end-users were significant." This paper explores this theme in detail and discusses the implications.
The purpose of this study was to increase our understanding of the impact of Health Information T... more The purpose of this study was to increase our understanding of the impact of Health Information Technology Systems (HITS) on dental school users when the systems are integrated into chair-side patient care. We used qualitative research methods, including interviews, focus groups, and observations, to capture the experiences of HITS users at a single institution. Users included administrators, clinical faculty members, predoctoral students, support staff, and residents. The data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach, and nine themes emerged: 1) HITS benefits were disproportionate among users; 2) communicating about the HITS was challenging; 3) users experienced a range of strong emotions; 4) the instructor persona diminished; 5) there were shifts in the school's power structure; 6) allocation of end-users' time shifted; 7) the training and support needs of end-users were significant; 8) perceived lack of HITS usability made documentation cumbersome for clinicians; an...
In 1994, the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Dental School (UMDNJ-N... more In 1994, the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Dental School (UMDNJ-NJDS) launched the Community-Oriented Dental Education (CODE) program. The CODE program provides senior dental students the opportunity to spend four days per week providing dental care in a community-based clinic. A survey of graduates of CODE (n = 55) and randomly selected graduates of the traditional curriculum (n = 110) was conducted via mail to determine attitudes relating to community service (CS), community-based learning (CBL), reasons for participating in their clinical program, perceived levels of clinical preparedness at graduation, and practice choices. A total of 111 surveys (66.9 percent) were returned to NJDS, with 84.6 percent of CODE alumni responding and 59.0 percent of traditional alumni (TA) responding. Of the 111 surveys returned, sixty-five (58.6 percent) were completed by TA, and forty-six (41.4 percent) were completed by CODE alumni. There were no differences among...
This study evaluated factors associated with age-appropriate dental care utilization and preventi... more This study evaluated factors associated with age-appropriate dental care utilization and preventive behaviors among preschool-aged children in Delaware. In June 1994, child health questionnaires were mailed to a simple random sample of 1,005 Delaware caregivers whose children were ages 6 to 36 months. Only 12% of children > or = 12 months old had been to the dentist. Child's race, maternal education, maternal age, dental insurance, having a regular place for medical care, receiving information on tooth care from medical personnel, and family income were not associated with having a dental visit. Improving information provided to caregivers and health professionals on appropriate timing of dental services and preventive dentistry is recommended to enhance oral health for preschool-aged children.
The Nemours system of children's clinics in Delaware was designed to offer comprehensive prim... more The Nemours system of children's clinics in Delaware was designed to offer comprehensive primary care (medical homes), to children regardless of families' abilities to pay for services. Racial and insurance status differences in perceptions of access to the provisions of medical home and differences by the Short Medical Home Index are assessed. A probabilities proportionate to size sampling method was used to randomly select families in nine clinics. A total of 323 caregivers of children ages 6 to 48 months were surveyed. Results suggest that there are minimal differences in perceptions of access to provisions of the medical home concept by insurance status and race in the clinics studied. However, when using a composite measure of medical home, differences in perceptions were found. The results suggest that insurance status and racial differences in perceptions of access remain even when the system is specifically designed to provide medical homes without regard to demograp...
Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), 1994
Participation in a self-administered quality assessment (SAQA) program led to changes in New Jers... more Participation in a self-administered quality assessment (SAQA) program led to changes in New Jersey dentists' perceptions of practice quality. Ninety-four percent indicated they discovered practice deficiencies. This study suggests that using a self-administered quality assessment program, such as the SAQA program, can lead to a better understanding of a practice's strengths and weaknesses.
In 1994, the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Dental School (UMDNJ-N... more In 1994, the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Dental School (UMDNJ-NJDS) launched the Community-Oriented Dental Education (CODE) program. The CODE program provides senior dental students the opportunity to spend four days per week providing dental care in a community-based clinic. A survey of graduates of CODE (n = 55) and randomly selected graduates of the traditional curriculum (n = 110) was conducted via mail to determine attitudes relating to community service (CS), community-based learning (CBL), reasons for participating in their clinical program, perceived levels of clinical preparedness at graduation, and practice choices. A total of 111 surveys (66.9 percent) were returned to NJDS, with 84.6 percent of CODE alumni responding and 59.0 percent of traditional alumni (TA) responding. Of the 111 surveys returned, sixty-five (58.6 percent) were completed by TA, and forty-six (41.4 percent) were completed by CODE alumni. There were no differences among...
Advances in informatics, particularly the implementation of electronic health records (EHR), in d... more Advances in informatics, particularly the implementation of electronic health records (EHR), in dentistry have facilitated the exchange of information. The majority of dental schools in North America use the same EHR system, providing an unprecedented opportunity to integrate these data into a repository that can be used for oral health education and research. In 2007, fourteen dental schools formed the Consortium for Oral Health-Related Informatics (COHRI). Since its inception, COHRI has established structural and operational processes, governance and bylaws, and a number of work groups organized in two divisions: one focused on research (data standardization, integration, and analysis), and one focused on education (performance evaluations, virtual standardized patients, and objective structured clinical examinations). To date, COHRI (which now includes twenty dental schools) has been successful in developing a data repository, pilot-testing data integration, and sharing EHR enhan...
Health Information Technology Systems (HITS) are becoming more widely integrated into patient car... more Health Information Technology Systems (HITS) are becoming more widely integrated into patient care in the dental school setting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a chairside HITS on users in the dental school setting. Qualitative techniques, including interviews, focus groups and observations, were used. Using grounded theory, we saw 9 themes emerge. One theme of particular interest was that "training and support needs of end-users were significant." This paper explores this theme in detail and discusses the implications.
Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), 2015
The authors conducted a study to determine the frequency and type of adverse events (AEs) associa... more The authors conducted a study to determine the frequency and type of adverse events (AEs) associated with dental devices reported to the Food and Drug Administration Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database. The authors downloaded and reviewed the dental device-related AEs reported to MAUDE from January 1, 1996, through December 31, 2011. MAUDE received a total of 1,978,056 reports between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2011. Among these reports, 28,046 (1.4%) AE reports were associated with dental devices. Within the dental AE reports that had event type information, 17,261 reported injuries, 7,777 reported device malfunctions, and 66 reported deaths. Among the 66 entries classified as death reports, 52 reported a death in the description; the remaining were either misclassified or lacked sufficient information in the report to determine whether a death had occurred. Of the dental device-associated AEs, 53.5% pertained to endosseous implants. A plethora ...
JDR clinical and translational research, Aug 3, 2019
Introduction:Dental and oral health researchers compose a small share of the research workforce, ... more Introduction:Dental and oral health researchers compose a small share of the research workforce, and within this group female researchers form a much smaller share than male researchers. Additionally, a majority of full-time faculty appointments at dental schools are held by men, with women making up only 39% of full-time appointments. These factors suggest that there could be disparities between men and women in obtaining research funding.Objective:The focus of our study was to determine whether there are gender differences in award funding obtained from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research or the National Institutes of Health (NIH).Methods:NIH administrative data were analyzed by focusing on Research Project Grants (RPGs), the primary and most commonly used mechanism to support investigator-initiated research projects. Analyses involved 1 or 2 of the following variables: number of unique applicants or awardees, fiscal years 2007 to 2016, average age of unique applicants, awardee’s degrees, awardee’s age at first R01, and award rates.Results:About two-thirds of RPG applicants and awardees were men. Although there were significantly more male applicants and awardees, there was no significant difference in award rate by gender, and there was no significant award rate variation through time or by degrees. The average ages of RPG applicants were similar for genders for all degrees, except that male dentists and PhD-dentists applying to the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research were older and male MDs and PhD-dentists from dental schools applying to the NIH were older.Conclusions:This study demonstrated that men in the dental/oral health workforce submit more applications and receive more NIH awards than do women; however, there was no difference in award rates between women and men and no difference in ages by gender at which the first R01 awards are received.Knowledge Transfer Statement:Analyses of the implications of this study by the academic dentistry and oral health community could lead to establishing opportunities to expand the representation of women in dental and oral health research. Increasing the number of applications submitted by women may help achieve an equitable balance of grantees in the workforce.
ObjectiveIn 2021, US dental school deans were surveyed to update and expand ADEA deans’ profiles ... more ObjectiveIn 2021, US dental school deans were surveyed to update and expand ADEA deans’ profiles developed in 2002 and 2014.MethodsThe American Dental Education Association (ADEA) and the Academy for Advancing Leadership (AAL) collaborated on an updated version of the 2014 dental deans’ profile survey. On July 1, 2021, the research project was approved as exempt from IRB oversight. The survey was distributed in electronic format on July 31, 2021, to the deans of the 70 US dental schools, including 3 schools that had not yet held their first year of classes. A total of 60 responses were considered.ResultsAdministration/management activities continue to consume deans’ time the most, followed by fundraising. Managing personnel issues and financial/budget issues, including fundraising, represent the top aspects of the position deans must master and the greatest challenges they face and expect to face for the next 5 years. Deans found these same issues the most surprising aspects of thei...
Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), Jan 3, 2016
Although some patients experience adverse events (AEs) resulting in harm caused by treatments in ... more Although some patients experience adverse events (AEs) resulting in harm caused by treatments in dentistry, few published reports have detailed how dental providers describe these events. Understanding how dental treatment professionals view AEs is essential to building a safer environment in dental practice. The authors interviewed dental professionals and domain experts through focus groups and in-depth interviews and asked them to identify the types of AEs that may occur in dental settings. The initial interview and focus group findings yielded 1,514 items that included both causes and AEs. In total, 632 causes were coded into 1 of the 8 categories of the Eindhoven classification, and 882 AEs were coded into 12 categories of a newly developed dental AE classification. Interrater reliability was moderate among coders. The list was reanalyzed, and duplicate items were removed leaving a total of 747 unique AEs and 540 causes. The most frequently identified AE types were "aspira...
Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), 2015
The authors conducted a study to determine the frequency and type of adverse events (AEs) associa... more The authors conducted a study to determine the frequency and type of adverse events (AEs) associated with dental devices reported to the Food and Drug Administration Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database. The authors downloaded and reviewed the dental device-related AEs reported to MAUDE from January 1, 1996, through December 31, 2011. MAUDE received a total of 1,978,056 reports between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2011. Among these reports, 28,046 (1.4%) AE reports were associated with dental devices. Within the dental AE reports that had event type information, 17,261 reported injuries, 7,777 reported device malfunctions, and 66 reported deaths. Among the 66 entries classified as death reports, 52 reported a death in the description; the remaining were either misclassified or lacked sufficient information in the report to determine whether a death had occurred. Of the dental device-associated AEs, 53.5% pertained to endosseous implants. A plethora ...
Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), Jan 3, 2016
Although some patients experience adverse events (AEs) resulting in harm caused by treatments in ... more Although some patients experience adverse events (AEs) resulting in harm caused by treatments in dentistry, few published reports have detailed how dental providers describe these events. Understanding how dental treatment professionals view AEs is essential to building a safer environment in dental practice. The authors interviewed dental professionals and domain experts through focus groups and in-depth interviews and asked them to identify the types of AEs that may occur in dental settings. The initial interview and focus group findings yielded 1,514 items that included both causes and AEs. In total, 632 causes were coded into 1 of the 8 categories of the Eindhoven classification, and 882 AEs were coded into 12 categories of a newly developed dental AE classification. Interrater reliability was moderate among coders. The list was reanalyzed, and duplicate items were removed leaving a total of 747 unique AEs and 540 causes. The most frequently identified AE types were "aspira...
Health Information Technology Systems (HITS) are becoming more widely integrated into patient car... more Health Information Technology Systems (HITS) are becoming more widely integrated into patient care in the dental school setting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a chairside HITS on users in the dental school setting. Qualitative techniques, including interviews, focus groups and observations, were used. Using grounded theory, we saw 9 themes emerge. One theme of particular interest was that "training and support needs of end-users were significant." This paper explores this theme in detail and discusses the implications.
The purpose of this study was to increase our understanding of the impact of Health Information T... more The purpose of this study was to increase our understanding of the impact of Health Information Technology Systems (HITS) on dental school users when the systems are integrated into chair-side patient care. We used qualitative research methods, including interviews, focus groups, and observations, to capture the experiences of HITS users at a single institution. Users included administrators, clinical faculty members, predoctoral students, support staff, and residents. The data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach, and nine themes emerged: 1) HITS benefits were disproportionate among users; 2) communicating about the HITS was challenging; 3) users experienced a range of strong emotions; 4) the instructor persona diminished; 5) there were shifts in the school's power structure; 6) allocation of end-users' time shifted; 7) the training and support needs of end-users were significant; 8) perceived lack of HITS usability made documentation cumbersome for clinicians; an...
In 1994, the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Dental School (UMDNJ-N... more In 1994, the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Dental School (UMDNJ-NJDS) launched the Community-Oriented Dental Education (CODE) program. The CODE program provides senior dental students the opportunity to spend four days per week providing dental care in a community-based clinic. A survey of graduates of CODE (n = 55) and randomly selected graduates of the traditional curriculum (n = 110) was conducted via mail to determine attitudes relating to community service (CS), community-based learning (CBL), reasons for participating in their clinical program, perceived levels of clinical preparedness at graduation, and practice choices. A total of 111 surveys (66.9 percent) were returned to NJDS, with 84.6 percent of CODE alumni responding and 59.0 percent of traditional alumni (TA) responding. Of the 111 surveys returned, sixty-five (58.6 percent) were completed by TA, and forty-six (41.4 percent) were completed by CODE alumni. There were no differences among...
This study evaluated factors associated with age-appropriate dental care utilization and preventi... more This study evaluated factors associated with age-appropriate dental care utilization and preventive behaviors among preschool-aged children in Delaware. In June 1994, child health questionnaires were mailed to a simple random sample of 1,005 Delaware caregivers whose children were ages 6 to 36 months. Only 12% of children > or = 12 months old had been to the dentist. Child's race, maternal education, maternal age, dental insurance, having a regular place for medical care, receiving information on tooth care from medical personnel, and family income were not associated with having a dental visit. Improving information provided to caregivers and health professionals on appropriate timing of dental services and preventive dentistry is recommended to enhance oral health for preschool-aged children.
The Nemours system of children's clinics in Delaware was designed to offer comprehensive prim... more The Nemours system of children's clinics in Delaware was designed to offer comprehensive primary care (medical homes), to children regardless of families' abilities to pay for services. Racial and insurance status differences in perceptions of access to the provisions of medical home and differences by the Short Medical Home Index are assessed. A probabilities proportionate to size sampling method was used to randomly select families in nine clinics. A total of 323 caregivers of children ages 6 to 48 months were surveyed. Results suggest that there are minimal differences in perceptions of access to provisions of the medical home concept by insurance status and race in the clinics studied. However, when using a composite measure of medical home, differences in perceptions were found. The results suggest that insurance status and racial differences in perceptions of access remain even when the system is specifically designed to provide medical homes without regard to demograp...
Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), 1994
Participation in a self-administered quality assessment (SAQA) program led to changes in New Jers... more Participation in a self-administered quality assessment (SAQA) program led to changes in New Jersey dentists' perceptions of practice quality. Ninety-four percent indicated they discovered practice deficiencies. This study suggests that using a self-administered quality assessment program, such as the SAQA program, can lead to a better understanding of a practice's strengths and weaknesses.
In 1994, the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Dental School (UMDNJ-N... more In 1994, the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Dental School (UMDNJ-NJDS) launched the Community-Oriented Dental Education (CODE) program. The CODE program provides senior dental students the opportunity to spend four days per week providing dental care in a community-based clinic. A survey of graduates of CODE (n = 55) and randomly selected graduates of the traditional curriculum (n = 110) was conducted via mail to determine attitudes relating to community service (CS), community-based learning (CBL), reasons for participating in their clinical program, perceived levels of clinical preparedness at graduation, and practice choices. A total of 111 surveys (66.9 percent) were returned to NJDS, with 84.6 percent of CODE alumni responding and 59.0 percent of traditional alumni (TA) responding. Of the 111 surveys returned, sixty-five (58.6 percent) were completed by TA, and forty-six (41.4 percent) were completed by CODE alumni. There were no differences among...
Advances in informatics, particularly the implementation of electronic health records (EHR), in d... more Advances in informatics, particularly the implementation of electronic health records (EHR), in dentistry have facilitated the exchange of information. The majority of dental schools in North America use the same EHR system, providing an unprecedented opportunity to integrate these data into a repository that can be used for oral health education and research. In 2007, fourteen dental schools formed the Consortium for Oral Health-Related Informatics (COHRI). Since its inception, COHRI has established structural and operational processes, governance and bylaws, and a number of work groups organized in two divisions: one focused on research (data standardization, integration, and analysis), and one focused on education (performance evaluations, virtual standardized patients, and objective structured clinical examinations). To date, COHRI (which now includes twenty dental schools) has been successful in developing a data repository, pilot-testing data integration, and sharing EHR enhan...
Health Information Technology Systems (HITS) are becoming more widely integrated into patient car... more Health Information Technology Systems (HITS) are becoming more widely integrated into patient care in the dental school setting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a chairside HITS on users in the dental school setting. Qualitative techniques, including interviews, focus groups and observations, were used. Using grounded theory, we saw 9 themes emerge. One theme of particular interest was that "training and support needs of end-users were significant." This paper explores this theme in detail and discusses the implications.
Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), 2015
The authors conducted a study to determine the frequency and type of adverse events (AEs) associa... more The authors conducted a study to determine the frequency and type of adverse events (AEs) associated with dental devices reported to the Food and Drug Administration Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database. The authors downloaded and reviewed the dental device-related AEs reported to MAUDE from January 1, 1996, through December 31, 2011. MAUDE received a total of 1,978,056 reports between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2011. Among these reports, 28,046 (1.4%) AE reports were associated with dental devices. Within the dental AE reports that had event type information, 17,261 reported injuries, 7,777 reported device malfunctions, and 66 reported deaths. Among the 66 entries classified as death reports, 52 reported a death in the description; the remaining were either misclassified or lacked sufficient information in the report to determine whether a death had occurred. Of the dental device-associated AEs, 53.5% pertained to endosseous implants. A plethora ...
Uploads
Papers by Denice Stewart