Objectives: (1) To examine associations between binge and purge behavior and sexual and physical ... more Objectives: (1) To examine associations between binge and purge behavior and sexual and physical abuse among adolescents; (2) to determine if these associations remain significant after controlling for sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics; and (3) to identify aspects of abuse associated with binge and purge behavior.Method: A nationally representative sample of 6728 adolescents in 5th–12th grades completed the Commonwealth Fund Survey of the Health of Adolescent Girls and Boys.Results: Binge and purge behavior was nearly twice as prevalent among girls (13%) as boys (7%), and was significantly associated with all abuse types (physical, sexual, or both). Associations were strongest among individuals who had experienced both physical and sexual abuse [odds ratios 4.28 (girls) and 8.25 (boys)]. Differences in binge and purge behavior by gender and type of abuse across abuse characteristics were limited. A higher percentage of abused youth that did not discuss their abuse ...
(1) To examine associations between binge and purge behavior and sexual and physical abuse among ... more (1) To examine associations between binge and purge behavior and sexual and physical abuse among adolescents; (2) to determine if these associations remain significant after controlling for sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics; and (3) to identify aspects of abuse associated with binge and purge behavior. A nationally representative sample of 6728 adolescents in 5th-12th grades completed the Commonwealth Fund Survey of the Health of Adolescent Girls and Boys. Binge and purge behavior was nearly twice as prevalent among girls (13%) as boys (7%), and was significantly associated with all abuse types (physical, sexual, or both). Associations were strongest among individuals who had experienced both physical and sexual abuse [odds ratios 4.28 (girls) and 8.25 (boys)]. Differences in binge and purge behavior by gender and type of abuse across abuse characteristics were limited. A higher percentage of abused youth that did not discuss their abuse reported binge-purge behavi...
The International journal of eating disorders, 2011
Examine substance use, depression, self-esteem, and suicidality by eating disorder (ED) classific... more Examine substance use, depression, self-esteem, and suicidality by eating disorder (ED) classifications among nonclinical youth. A school-based sample of 4,746 youth completed anthropometric measures and Project EAT survey items matched to DSM-IV ED criteria. Logistic regression analyses and general linear models compared three threshold (AN, BN, or BED), two subthreshold (binge-eating and/or compensatory behaviors not meeting ED diagnosis, or body image disturbance without disordered eating) and one asymptomatic ED classifications. Subthreshold and threshold classifications reported lower self-esteem and greater substance use, depression, suicidal ideation/attempts than asymptomatic youth. The BED group had higher depressive mood, and BED and BN had lower self-esteem, than the subthreshold groups. Odds ratios for suicidality were highest among the BN group and lowest among the body image disturbance group. Subthreshold and threshold classifications are associated with compromised h...
Describe characteristics of patients who have both an eating disorder and type 1 diabetes and com... more Describe characteristics of patients who have both an eating disorder and type 1 diabetes and compare their responses on psychological tests with those with an eating disorder and no diabetes at time of initial assessment to an eating disorder facility. A chart audit conducted on all 48 patients with ED-DMT1 who were seen collaboratively by the diabetes and eating disorder treatment teams between 2005 and 2008 at Park Nicollet Health Services and 96 (1:2) matched eating disordered controls. Diabetes was diagnosed an average of 10.2 years (SD = 9.4) before the diagnosis of an eating disorder; HbA1c at initial assessment was 11% (±3.2%). Those without diabetes reported greater depression (p = .048) and greater state and trait anxiety (p = .015 and p = .039, respectively) at initial assessment. Persons with both an eating disorder and type 1 diabetes were less psychologically compromised than their matched cohorts with an eating disorder only. These findings may not remain constant during the course of treatment.
The International journal of eating disorders, 2002
This study examined the factors associated with the diagnostic outcome of obese individuals with ... more This study examined the factors associated with the diagnostic outcome of obese individuals with and without binge eating disorder (BED) 1 year after completing a very low calorie diet (VLCD) program. Participants included 63 individuals with BED, 36 individuals with subthreshold BED, and 29 individuals with no binge eating symptoms. Diagnoses before and after VLCD were obtained using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) interviews. The severity of psychiatric symptoms were assessed using various rating scales. Fifty-six percent (n = 36) of the participants who met criteria for BED at baseline did not meet diagnostic criteria 1 year later. None of the baseline factors were statistically associated with outcome. Although the main hypothesis was not supported, absence of a BED diagnosis at 12-month follow-up after a VLCD diet appears to be associated with less weight gain at 1-year follow-up regardless of baseline diagnosis.
To assess the prevalence of overeating among adolescents and to examine associations between over... more To assess the prevalence of overeating among adolescents and to examine associations between overeating and sociodemographic characteristics, weight status, dieting behaviors, body satisfaction, depressive mood, self-esteem, and suicide. A school-based sample of 4746 boys and girls in public middle and high schools in Minnesota completed the Project EAT (Eating Among Teens) survey and anthropometric measurements of height and weight. Overall, 17.3% of girls and 7.8% of boys reported objective overeating in the past year. Youths who engaged in overeating were more likely to be overweight or obese, to have dieted in the past year, to be trying to lose weight currently, and to report that weight and shape are very important to their overall feelings about self. Youths who met criteria for binge eating syndrome (high frequency of objective overeating with loss of control and distress regarding the binge eating) scored significantly lower on measures of body satisfaction and self-esteem and higher on a measure of depressive mood than those who reported either subclinical or no binge eating. Overeating was associated with suicide risk; more than one fourth of girls (28.6%) and boys (27.8%) who met criteria for binge eating syndrome reported that they had attempted suicide. Overeating among adolescents is associated with a number of adverse behaviors and negative psychological experiences. As the current study is cross-sectional, it is not possible to ascertain cause and effect. Future research should seek to identify whether objective overeating is an early warning sign of additional psychological distress or is a potential consequence of compromised psychological health. Clinical implications are discussed.
To examine associations between dieting frequency and eating disorder behaviors, body satisfactio... more To examine associations between dieting frequency and eating disorder behaviors, body satisfaction, and related factors. Females (N=345) whose average age and body mass index (BMI) were 20.58 and 21.79, respectively, were grouped into three categories of lifetime dieting frequency (never, 1-5 times, or 6 or more times) and matched on current BMI across categories. Positive associations were found between dieting frequency and eating disorder symptoms and related problems such as body dissatisfaction, current body size perception, depression, exercise preoccupation, and feelings of ineffectiveness and insecurity. Dieting frequency was inversely associated with self-esteem, ideal body size, emotional regulation, and impulse control. Independent of current BMI, frequency of dieting behaviors is strongly associated with negative emotions and problematic behaviors. As this study is correlational in nature, future longitudinal studies should ascertain the sequence of onset of these experiences.
To examine the relationship between childhood dance participation and adult eating behavior and p... more To examine the relationship between childhood dance participation and adult eating behavior and psychological health. A total of 546 undergraduate females at a large Midwestern university completed questionnaires regarding eating behavior and associated features, depression, self-esteem, and body image. Women who participated in childhood dance are more likely to score higher on measures of bulimic behaviors than nondancers. In addition, childhood dancers indicated greater drive for thinness and poorer impulse control compared to nondancers. Furthermore, there was a statistical trend for childhood dancers to report greater perfectionism and a smaller ideal body mass than nondancers. There were no significant differences between dance groups on measures of depression and self-esteem. These findings suggest that participating in dance as a child may influence one's eating behavior as an adult, including associated factors such as drive for thinness and impulse control and potentially perfectionism and preferred body size.
To evaluate the long-term impact of adolescent dating violence (ADV) on behavioral and psychologi... more To evaluate the long-term impact of adolescent dating violence (ADV) on behavioral and psychological health. From a diverse sample of older adolescents who completed Project EAT in 1999 (wave 1) and 2004 (wave 2; mean age 20.4), 23 male and 102 female adolescents reporting ADV were compared with 671 male and 720 female adolescents reporting no ADV. ADV was positively associated with cigarette smoking and suicide attempts for both sexes, binge-eating and suicidal ideation in male adolescents, and smoking marijuana and high depressive symptoms in female adolescents in analyses unadjusted for wave 1 outcomes. In analyses adjusted for wave 1, in female adolescents, ADV was significantly associated with smoking cigarettes, marijuana use, and high depressive symptoms and marginally associated with suicide attempts; in male adolescents, ADV was significantly associated with smoking cigarettes and marginally associated with binge-eating and suicidal ideation. ADV was significantly associated with an overall high-risk profile (presence > or = 3 health outcomes) for both sexes; results remained significant in female adolescents after adjusting for wave 1. ADV is associated with greater likelihood of problematic health factors and increases nonspecific risk toward behavioral and psychological impairment in youth, particularly female adolescents.
This study aimed to increase our understanding of family meal patterns among adolescents. A schoo... more This study aimed to increase our understanding of family meal patterns among adolescents. A school-based survey was completed by 252 junior and senior high school students. Nearly a third (30.7%) reported that their families had eaten a meal together at least seven ...
... Richard Krueger and Mary Ann Casey, nationally recognized experts in focus group research.10&... more ... Richard Krueger and Mary Ann Casey, nationally recognized experts in focus group research.10"13 Focus groups were conducted within the ... Others discussed the high-fat food served at meals: "No, 'cause they cook a lot of greasy food" (7th grade boy ... Cusatis DC, Shannon BM. ...
ABSTRACT This study sought to evaluate associations between adolescent dating violence victimizat... more ABSTRACT This study sought to evaluate associations between adolescent dating violence victimization (DV) and high-risk sexual behaviors. Males (n = 71) and females (n = 189) reporting DV were compared to 671 males and 720 females (overall mean age 20.4 years) reporting no DV on high-risk sexual behaviors (casual sexual partner, multiple sexual partners no contraceptive use unprotected intercourse). DV was reported by 9.6% males and 20.8% females. All males reporting both physical and sexual DV acknowledged high-risk sexual behavior. Furthermore, most female peers (75.2%) reporting physical and sexual DV acknowledged high-risk sexual behavior. Health programs and care professionals should target violence prevention and contraception education, and promote early intervention to reduce high-risk sexual behaviors, particularly among those reporting dating violence.
Objectives: (1) To examine associations between binge and purge behavior and sexual and physical ... more Objectives: (1) To examine associations between binge and purge behavior and sexual and physical abuse among adolescents; (2) to determine if these associations remain significant after controlling for sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics; and (3) to identify aspects of abuse associated with binge and purge behavior.Method: A nationally representative sample of 6728 adolescents in 5th–12th grades completed the Commonwealth Fund Survey of the Health of Adolescent Girls and Boys.Results: Binge and purge behavior was nearly twice as prevalent among girls (13%) as boys (7%), and was significantly associated with all abuse types (physical, sexual, or both). Associations were strongest among individuals who had experienced both physical and sexual abuse [odds ratios 4.28 (girls) and 8.25 (boys)]. Differences in binge and purge behavior by gender and type of abuse across abuse characteristics were limited. A higher percentage of abused youth that did not discuss their abuse ...
(1) To examine associations between binge and purge behavior and sexual and physical abuse among ... more (1) To examine associations between binge and purge behavior and sexual and physical abuse among adolescents; (2) to determine if these associations remain significant after controlling for sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics; and (3) to identify aspects of abuse associated with binge and purge behavior. A nationally representative sample of 6728 adolescents in 5th-12th grades completed the Commonwealth Fund Survey of the Health of Adolescent Girls and Boys. Binge and purge behavior was nearly twice as prevalent among girls (13%) as boys (7%), and was significantly associated with all abuse types (physical, sexual, or both). Associations were strongest among individuals who had experienced both physical and sexual abuse [odds ratios 4.28 (girls) and 8.25 (boys)]. Differences in binge and purge behavior by gender and type of abuse across abuse characteristics were limited. A higher percentage of abused youth that did not discuss their abuse reported binge-purge behavi...
The International journal of eating disorders, 2011
Examine substance use, depression, self-esteem, and suicidality by eating disorder (ED) classific... more Examine substance use, depression, self-esteem, and suicidality by eating disorder (ED) classifications among nonclinical youth. A school-based sample of 4,746 youth completed anthropometric measures and Project EAT survey items matched to DSM-IV ED criteria. Logistic regression analyses and general linear models compared three threshold (AN, BN, or BED), two subthreshold (binge-eating and/or compensatory behaviors not meeting ED diagnosis, or body image disturbance without disordered eating) and one asymptomatic ED classifications. Subthreshold and threshold classifications reported lower self-esteem and greater substance use, depression, suicidal ideation/attempts than asymptomatic youth. The BED group had higher depressive mood, and BED and BN had lower self-esteem, than the subthreshold groups. Odds ratios for suicidality were highest among the BN group and lowest among the body image disturbance group. Subthreshold and threshold classifications are associated with compromised h...
Describe characteristics of patients who have both an eating disorder and type 1 diabetes and com... more Describe characteristics of patients who have both an eating disorder and type 1 diabetes and compare their responses on psychological tests with those with an eating disorder and no diabetes at time of initial assessment to an eating disorder facility. A chart audit conducted on all 48 patients with ED-DMT1 who were seen collaboratively by the diabetes and eating disorder treatment teams between 2005 and 2008 at Park Nicollet Health Services and 96 (1:2) matched eating disordered controls. Diabetes was diagnosed an average of 10.2 years (SD = 9.4) before the diagnosis of an eating disorder; HbA1c at initial assessment was 11% (±3.2%). Those without diabetes reported greater depression (p = .048) and greater state and trait anxiety (p = .015 and p = .039, respectively) at initial assessment. Persons with both an eating disorder and type 1 diabetes were less psychologically compromised than their matched cohorts with an eating disorder only. These findings may not remain constant during the course of treatment.
The International journal of eating disorders, 2002
This study examined the factors associated with the diagnostic outcome of obese individuals with ... more This study examined the factors associated with the diagnostic outcome of obese individuals with and without binge eating disorder (BED) 1 year after completing a very low calorie diet (VLCD) program. Participants included 63 individuals with BED, 36 individuals with subthreshold BED, and 29 individuals with no binge eating symptoms. Diagnoses before and after VLCD were obtained using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) interviews. The severity of psychiatric symptoms were assessed using various rating scales. Fifty-six percent (n = 36) of the participants who met criteria for BED at baseline did not meet diagnostic criteria 1 year later. None of the baseline factors were statistically associated with outcome. Although the main hypothesis was not supported, absence of a BED diagnosis at 12-month follow-up after a VLCD diet appears to be associated with less weight gain at 1-year follow-up regardless of baseline diagnosis.
To assess the prevalence of overeating among adolescents and to examine associations between over... more To assess the prevalence of overeating among adolescents and to examine associations between overeating and sociodemographic characteristics, weight status, dieting behaviors, body satisfaction, depressive mood, self-esteem, and suicide. A school-based sample of 4746 boys and girls in public middle and high schools in Minnesota completed the Project EAT (Eating Among Teens) survey and anthropometric measurements of height and weight. Overall, 17.3% of girls and 7.8% of boys reported objective overeating in the past year. Youths who engaged in overeating were more likely to be overweight or obese, to have dieted in the past year, to be trying to lose weight currently, and to report that weight and shape are very important to their overall feelings about self. Youths who met criteria for binge eating syndrome (high frequency of objective overeating with loss of control and distress regarding the binge eating) scored significantly lower on measures of body satisfaction and self-esteem and higher on a measure of depressive mood than those who reported either subclinical or no binge eating. Overeating was associated with suicide risk; more than one fourth of girls (28.6%) and boys (27.8%) who met criteria for binge eating syndrome reported that they had attempted suicide. Overeating among adolescents is associated with a number of adverse behaviors and negative psychological experiences. As the current study is cross-sectional, it is not possible to ascertain cause and effect. Future research should seek to identify whether objective overeating is an early warning sign of additional psychological distress or is a potential consequence of compromised psychological health. Clinical implications are discussed.
To examine associations between dieting frequency and eating disorder behaviors, body satisfactio... more To examine associations between dieting frequency and eating disorder behaviors, body satisfaction, and related factors. Females (N=345) whose average age and body mass index (BMI) were 20.58 and 21.79, respectively, were grouped into three categories of lifetime dieting frequency (never, 1-5 times, or 6 or more times) and matched on current BMI across categories. Positive associations were found between dieting frequency and eating disorder symptoms and related problems such as body dissatisfaction, current body size perception, depression, exercise preoccupation, and feelings of ineffectiveness and insecurity. Dieting frequency was inversely associated with self-esteem, ideal body size, emotional regulation, and impulse control. Independent of current BMI, frequency of dieting behaviors is strongly associated with negative emotions and problematic behaviors. As this study is correlational in nature, future longitudinal studies should ascertain the sequence of onset of these experiences.
To examine the relationship between childhood dance participation and adult eating behavior and p... more To examine the relationship between childhood dance participation and adult eating behavior and psychological health. A total of 546 undergraduate females at a large Midwestern university completed questionnaires regarding eating behavior and associated features, depression, self-esteem, and body image. Women who participated in childhood dance are more likely to score higher on measures of bulimic behaviors than nondancers. In addition, childhood dancers indicated greater drive for thinness and poorer impulse control compared to nondancers. Furthermore, there was a statistical trend for childhood dancers to report greater perfectionism and a smaller ideal body mass than nondancers. There were no significant differences between dance groups on measures of depression and self-esteem. These findings suggest that participating in dance as a child may influence one's eating behavior as an adult, including associated factors such as drive for thinness and impulse control and potentially perfectionism and preferred body size.
To evaluate the long-term impact of adolescent dating violence (ADV) on behavioral and psychologi... more To evaluate the long-term impact of adolescent dating violence (ADV) on behavioral and psychological health. From a diverse sample of older adolescents who completed Project EAT in 1999 (wave 1) and 2004 (wave 2; mean age 20.4), 23 male and 102 female adolescents reporting ADV were compared with 671 male and 720 female adolescents reporting no ADV. ADV was positively associated with cigarette smoking and suicide attempts for both sexes, binge-eating and suicidal ideation in male adolescents, and smoking marijuana and high depressive symptoms in female adolescents in analyses unadjusted for wave 1 outcomes. In analyses adjusted for wave 1, in female adolescents, ADV was significantly associated with smoking cigarettes, marijuana use, and high depressive symptoms and marginally associated with suicide attempts; in male adolescents, ADV was significantly associated with smoking cigarettes and marginally associated with binge-eating and suicidal ideation. ADV was significantly associated with an overall high-risk profile (presence > or = 3 health outcomes) for both sexes; results remained significant in female adolescents after adjusting for wave 1. ADV is associated with greater likelihood of problematic health factors and increases nonspecific risk toward behavioral and psychological impairment in youth, particularly female adolescents.
This study aimed to increase our understanding of family meal patterns among adolescents. A schoo... more This study aimed to increase our understanding of family meal patterns among adolescents. A school-based survey was completed by 252 junior and senior high school students. Nearly a third (30.7%) reported that their families had eaten a meal together at least seven ...
... Richard Krueger and Mary Ann Casey, nationally recognized experts in focus group research.10&... more ... Richard Krueger and Mary Ann Casey, nationally recognized experts in focus group research.10"13 Focus groups were conducted within the ... Others discussed the high-fat food served at meals: "No, 'cause they cook a lot of greasy food" (7th grade boy ... Cusatis DC, Shannon BM. ...
ABSTRACT This study sought to evaluate associations between adolescent dating violence victimizat... more ABSTRACT This study sought to evaluate associations between adolescent dating violence victimization (DV) and high-risk sexual behaviors. Males (n = 71) and females (n = 189) reporting DV were compared to 671 males and 720 females (overall mean age 20.4 years) reporting no DV on high-risk sexual behaviors (casual sexual partner, multiple sexual partners no contraceptive use unprotected intercourse). DV was reported by 9.6% males and 20.8% females. All males reporting both physical and sexual DV acknowledged high-risk sexual behavior. Furthermore, most female peers (75.2%) reporting physical and sexual DV acknowledged high-risk sexual behavior. Health programs and care professionals should target violence prevention and contraception education, and promote early intervention to reduce high-risk sexual behaviors, particularly among those reporting dating violence.
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