ABSTRACT An improved version of the OMCT ocean model with 1° spatial resolution provides bottom p... more ABSTRACT An improved version of the OMCT ocean model with 1° spatial resolution provides bottom pressure anomalies for the new release 05 of the GRACE Atmosphere and Ocean Dealiasing Level 1B (AOD1B) product. For high-frequency signals with periods below 30 days, this model explains up to 10 cm2 of the residual sea level variance seen by ENVISAT in large parts of the Southern Ocean, corresponding to about 40% of the observed sea level residuals in many open ocean regions away from the tropics. Comparable amounts of variance are also explained by AOD1B RL05 for colocated in situ ocean bottom pressure recorders. Although secular trends contained in AOD1B RL05 cause GRACE KBRR residuals to increase in shallow water regions, we find a reduction of those residuals over all open ocean areas, indicating that AOD1B RL05 is much better suited to remove nontidal high-frequency mass variability from satellite gravity observations than previous versions of AOD1B.
... No. 3 0 IERS Technical Note 52 Initiate the process of combining DORIS results into unified... more ... No. 3 0 IERS Technical Note 52 Initiate the process of combining DORIS results into unified IDS prod-ucts. Check the consistency of the estimated time varying parameters (Geocen-ter, EOP) with the estimated reference frames (sets of station coordinates, ephemerides). ...
ABSTRACT Contents: 1. Einleitung. 2. Das System Erde und seine Komponenten. 3. Grundlegende Forma... more ABSTRACT Contents: 1. Einleitung. 2. Das System Erde und seine Komponenten. 3. Grundlegende Formalismen zur Beschreibung der Erdrotation. 4. Referenzsysteme und ihre Realisierung. 5. Moderne Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Erdrotation. 6. Analyse zeitlich und räumlich verteilter Daten. 7. Gegenwärtiger Stand der Modellierung. 8. Identifikation von Forschungszielen. 9. Forschungsaufgaben zum Erreichen der Ziele. 10. Zusammenfassung und Ausblick.
The solution of individual series of earth rotation parameters from various space geodetic techni... more The solution of individual series of earth rotation parameters from various space geodetic techniques depend on the selection of the underlying celestial and terres- trial reference frame. Using one specific reference frame like ITRF2000 we still have various options to realize this frame (reference system constraints, constraints for a set of stations, etc.). The influence of the implemented constraints on the resulting EOP series should be known before we compare and combine EOP series from different techniques with different constraints. In order to achieve highest possible consistency between EOP series and the ITRF / ICRF the IERS initiated the IERS Analysis Cam- paign to align EOPs to the ITRF2000 / ICRF. We will present the intention and the major steps of these campaign. According to the first step of this campaign we gen- erated EOP series from GPS and VLBI solutions using ITRF2000 and different sets of constraints. Comparing these series and the official IERS EOP series we...
Aragonitic micrite envelopes usually surround grains in beachrock, hardgrounds and stromatolites,... more Aragonitic micrite envelopes usually surround grains in beachrock, hardgrounds and stromatolites, but only in association with fibrous cement. An aragonitic crust cements the surfaces of lime mud beds of the tidal channel, while a high-Mg calcite cryptocrystalline cement ...
ABSTRACT Angular momentum forecasts for up to 10 days into the future, modeled from predicted sta... more ABSTRACT Angular momentum forecasts for up to 10 days into the future, modeled from predicted states of the atmosphere, ocean and continental hydrosphere, are combined with the operational IERS EOP prediction bulletin A to reduce the prediction error in the very first day and to improve the subsequent 90-day prediction by exploitation of the revised initial state and trend information. EAM functions derived from ECMWF short-range forecasts and corresponding LSDM and OMCT simulations can account for high-frequency mass variations within the geophysical fluids for up to 7 days into the future primarily limited by the accuracy of the forecasted atmospheric wind fields. Including these wide-band stochastic signals into the first days of the 90-day statistical IERS predictions reduces the mean absolute prediction error even for predictions beyond day 10, especially for polar motion, where the presently used prediction approach does not include geophysical fluids data directly. In a hindcast experiment using 1 year of daily predictions from May 2011 till July 2012, the mean prediction error in polar motion, compared to bulletin A, is reduced by 32, 12, and 3 % for prediction days 10, 30, and 90, respectively. In average, the prediction error for medium-range forecasts (30–90 days) is reduced by 1.3–1.7 mas. Even for UT1-UTC, where AAM forecasts are already included in IERS bulletin A, we obtain slight improvements of up to 5 % (up to 0.5 ms) after day 10 due to the additional consideration of oceanic angular momentum forecasts. The improved 90-day predictions can be generated operationally on a daily basis directly after the publication of the related IERS bulletin A product finals2000A.daily.
Polar motion predictions for up to 10 days into the future are obtained from predicted states of ... more Polar motion predictions for up to 10 days into the future are obtained from predicted states of the atmosphere, ocean and continental hydrosphere in a hind-cast experiment covering 2003–2008. High-frequency mass variations within the geophysical fluids are the main cause of wide-band stochastic signals not considered in the presently used statistical prediction approach of IERS bulletin A for polar motion. Taking EAM functions based on forecasted model states, derived from ECMWF medium-range forecasts and corresponding LSDM and OMCT simulations, into account the prediction errors are reduced by 26%. The effective forecast length of the model combination is found to be 7 days, primarily limited by the accuracy of the forecasted atmospheric wind fields. Highest improvements are found for forecast days 4–5 with prediction skill scores of the polar motion excitation functions improved by a factor up to 5. Whereas bulletin A forecasts can explain the observed variance within the first 10 days only by up to 40%, half of the model forecasts reach relative explained variances between 40 and 80%.
Daptomycin (LY 146032), a new lipopeptide antimicrobial agent with activity against gram-positive... more Daptomycin (LY 146032), a new lipopeptide antimicrobial agent with activity against gram-positive bacteria, was compared to vancomycin in the treatment of staphylococcal bacteremia in a murine model. Two hundred and ninety-nine mice were inoculated with 1 x 108 bacteria by the tail vein, and treatment was begun 3 days later. Two dosage regimens of each drug were used: 10 mg/kg
... No. 3 0 IERS Technical Note 52 Initiate the process of combining DORIS results into unified... more ... No. 3 0 IERS Technical Note 52 Initiate the process of combining DORIS results into unified IDS prod-ucts. Check the consistency of the estimated time varying parameters (Geocen-ter, EOP) with the estimated reference frames (sets of station coordinates, ephemerides). ...
A new type of imaging detector, the Soft X-ray Camera (SXC), is now flying on the HETE-2 satellit... more A new type of imaging detector, the Soft X-ray Camera (SXC), is now flying on the HETE-2 satellite as part of the instrument suite to detect and localize GRBs. The low point spread function of CCDs combined with a finely ruled and highly aligned coded mask results in a compact instrument (~10 cm on a side) which can localize transients with high precision (~30 arcseconds) over a large field of view (~1 sr). We present an overview of the design, fabrication, and testing of the SXC. The in-flight performance and capabilities are then presented. Finally, the adverse effects of the space environment (in particular the micrometeorite flux and increased atomic oxygen concentrations during solar maximum) on the SXC, and the steps taken to mitigate these effects are discussed. Both GRBs and XRBs are being routinely localized with high accuracy by the SXC.
ABSTRACT An improved version of the OMCT ocean model with 1° spatial resolution provides bottom p... more ABSTRACT An improved version of the OMCT ocean model with 1° spatial resolution provides bottom pressure anomalies for the new release 05 of the GRACE Atmosphere and Ocean Dealiasing Level 1B (AOD1B) product. For high-frequency signals with periods below 30 days, this model explains up to 10 cm2 of the residual sea level variance seen by ENVISAT in large parts of the Southern Ocean, corresponding to about 40% of the observed sea level residuals in many open ocean regions away from the tropics. Comparable amounts of variance are also explained by AOD1B RL05 for colocated in situ ocean bottom pressure recorders. Although secular trends contained in AOD1B RL05 cause GRACE KBRR residuals to increase in shallow water regions, we find a reduction of those residuals over all open ocean areas, indicating that AOD1B RL05 is much better suited to remove nontidal high-frequency mass variability from satellite gravity observations than previous versions of AOD1B.
... No. 3 0 IERS Technical Note 52 Initiate the process of combining DORIS results into unified... more ... No. 3 0 IERS Technical Note 52 Initiate the process of combining DORIS results into unified IDS prod-ucts. Check the consistency of the estimated time varying parameters (Geocen-ter, EOP) with the estimated reference frames (sets of station coordinates, ephemerides). ...
ABSTRACT Contents: 1. Einleitung. 2. Das System Erde und seine Komponenten. 3. Grundlegende Forma... more ABSTRACT Contents: 1. Einleitung. 2. Das System Erde und seine Komponenten. 3. Grundlegende Formalismen zur Beschreibung der Erdrotation. 4. Referenzsysteme und ihre Realisierung. 5. Moderne Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Erdrotation. 6. Analyse zeitlich und räumlich verteilter Daten. 7. Gegenwärtiger Stand der Modellierung. 8. Identifikation von Forschungszielen. 9. Forschungsaufgaben zum Erreichen der Ziele. 10. Zusammenfassung und Ausblick.
The solution of individual series of earth rotation parameters from various space geodetic techni... more The solution of individual series of earth rotation parameters from various space geodetic techniques depend on the selection of the underlying celestial and terres- trial reference frame. Using one specific reference frame like ITRF2000 we still have various options to realize this frame (reference system constraints, constraints for a set of stations, etc.). The influence of the implemented constraints on the resulting EOP series should be known before we compare and combine EOP series from different techniques with different constraints. In order to achieve highest possible consistency between EOP series and the ITRF / ICRF the IERS initiated the IERS Analysis Cam- paign to align EOPs to the ITRF2000 / ICRF. We will present the intention and the major steps of these campaign. According to the first step of this campaign we gen- erated EOP series from GPS and VLBI solutions using ITRF2000 and different sets of constraints. Comparing these series and the official IERS EOP series we...
Aragonitic micrite envelopes usually surround grains in beachrock, hardgrounds and stromatolites,... more Aragonitic micrite envelopes usually surround grains in beachrock, hardgrounds and stromatolites, but only in association with fibrous cement. An aragonitic crust cements the surfaces of lime mud beds of the tidal channel, while a high-Mg calcite cryptocrystalline cement ...
ABSTRACT Angular momentum forecasts for up to 10 days into the future, modeled from predicted sta... more ABSTRACT Angular momentum forecasts for up to 10 days into the future, modeled from predicted states of the atmosphere, ocean and continental hydrosphere, are combined with the operational IERS EOP prediction bulletin A to reduce the prediction error in the very first day and to improve the subsequent 90-day prediction by exploitation of the revised initial state and trend information. EAM functions derived from ECMWF short-range forecasts and corresponding LSDM and OMCT simulations can account for high-frequency mass variations within the geophysical fluids for up to 7 days into the future primarily limited by the accuracy of the forecasted atmospheric wind fields. Including these wide-band stochastic signals into the first days of the 90-day statistical IERS predictions reduces the mean absolute prediction error even for predictions beyond day 10, especially for polar motion, where the presently used prediction approach does not include geophysical fluids data directly. In a hindcast experiment using 1 year of daily predictions from May 2011 till July 2012, the mean prediction error in polar motion, compared to bulletin A, is reduced by 32, 12, and 3 % for prediction days 10, 30, and 90, respectively. In average, the prediction error for medium-range forecasts (30–90 days) is reduced by 1.3–1.7 mas. Even for UT1-UTC, where AAM forecasts are already included in IERS bulletin A, we obtain slight improvements of up to 5 % (up to 0.5 ms) after day 10 due to the additional consideration of oceanic angular momentum forecasts. The improved 90-day predictions can be generated operationally on a daily basis directly after the publication of the related IERS bulletin A product finals2000A.daily.
Polar motion predictions for up to 10 days into the future are obtained from predicted states of ... more Polar motion predictions for up to 10 days into the future are obtained from predicted states of the atmosphere, ocean and continental hydrosphere in a hind-cast experiment covering 2003–2008. High-frequency mass variations within the geophysical fluids are the main cause of wide-band stochastic signals not considered in the presently used statistical prediction approach of IERS bulletin A for polar motion. Taking EAM functions based on forecasted model states, derived from ECMWF medium-range forecasts and corresponding LSDM and OMCT simulations, into account the prediction errors are reduced by 26%. The effective forecast length of the model combination is found to be 7 days, primarily limited by the accuracy of the forecasted atmospheric wind fields. Highest improvements are found for forecast days 4–5 with prediction skill scores of the polar motion excitation functions improved by a factor up to 5. Whereas bulletin A forecasts can explain the observed variance within the first 10 days only by up to 40%, half of the model forecasts reach relative explained variances between 40 and 80%.
Daptomycin (LY 146032), a new lipopeptide antimicrobial agent with activity against gram-positive... more Daptomycin (LY 146032), a new lipopeptide antimicrobial agent with activity against gram-positive bacteria, was compared to vancomycin in the treatment of staphylococcal bacteremia in a murine model. Two hundred and ninety-nine mice were inoculated with 1 x 108 bacteria by the tail vein, and treatment was begun 3 days later. Two dosage regimens of each drug were used: 10 mg/kg
... No. 3 0 IERS Technical Note 52 Initiate the process of combining DORIS results into unified... more ... No. 3 0 IERS Technical Note 52 Initiate the process of combining DORIS results into unified IDS prod-ucts. Check the consistency of the estimated time varying parameters (Geocen-ter, EOP) with the estimated reference frames (sets of station coordinates, ephemerides). ...
A new type of imaging detector, the Soft X-ray Camera (SXC), is now flying on the HETE-2 satellit... more A new type of imaging detector, the Soft X-ray Camera (SXC), is now flying on the HETE-2 satellite as part of the instrument suite to detect and localize GRBs. The low point spread function of CCDs combined with a finely ruled and highly aligned coded mask results in a compact instrument (~10 cm on a side) which can localize transients with high precision (~30 arcseconds) over a large field of view (~1 sr). We present an overview of the design, fabrication, and testing of the SXC. The in-flight performance and capabilities are then presented. Finally, the adverse effects of the space environment (in particular the micrometeorite flux and increased atomic oxygen concentrations during solar maximum) on the SXC, and the steps taken to mitigate these effects are discussed. Both GRBs and XRBs are being routinely localized with high accuracy by the SXC.
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Papers by R. Dill