The current study describes the analysis of the phytochemical composition and biological activiti... more The current study describes the analysis of the phytochemical composition and biological activities of various polarity extracts of the Anaphalis busua plant that was collected at an altitude of 1654 m in the Himalayan terrain of Uttarakhand, India. The extracts were prepared by the cold percolation method, which was then subjected to GC-MS for phytochemical analysis. A total of 31 compounds were identified that constituted 94.95% of the total methanolic extract. Mome inositol (31.03%) was identified as the main compound in the methanolic extract. Twenty-two compounds that comprise 68.24% of the total hexane extract were identified. Tetracontane (19.33%) was present in a significant proportion. The methanolic extract demonstrated potent antioxidant activity in terms of DPPH radical scavenging and metal chelating activity that have IC50 values of 81.71±1.334 and 11.26±0.005 µg/mL, respectively, compared to standards ascorbic acid and EDTA that have IC50 values at 12.71±0.02 and 11.36...
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Globba sessiliflora Sims is an aromatic rhizomatous herb of family Zingiberaceae which is endemic... more Globba sessiliflora Sims is an aromatic rhizomatous herb of family Zingiberaceae which is endemic to Peninsular India. This study first reports the phytochemical profile and pesticidal potential of oleoresins obtained from the aerial and rhizome parts of Globba sessiliflora Sims. The oleoresins were prepared by the cold percolation method and were analyzed by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Both the oleoresins varied greatly in composition, the major compounds identified in aerial part oleoresin (GSAO) were methyl linoleate, methyl palmitate, and phytol, while the major compounds present in rhizome part oleoresin (GSRO) were γ-sitosterol, 8 (17),12-labdadiene-15, 16-dial, methyl linoleate, and methyl palmitate. In order to evaluate the biological activities, the oleoresins were tested under laboratory conditions for nematicidal action and inhibition of egg hatching potential against root knot nematode, where GSRO was more effective. Insecticidal activity was p...
Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth is an established medicinal plant. It is widespread from subalpi... more Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth is an established medicinal plant. It is widespread from subalpine to alpine region of India as well. Medicinal properties due to the presence of iridoid glycosides, phenolic glycosides, and cucurbitacin glycosides are well established. Depletion natural or otherwise of this plant are due to described reasons in this communication including elicitors and biogenesis of secondary metabolites. Since, leads are available for various effects and the fact of combinatorial molecules and propagational strategies makes its further value. Cellular effects during cultures in cell lines of this plant using elicitors of microenvironment of certain cell lines such as hyperhydricities, flowering, metabolites promoting for various molecular behaviours in plants during regime(s) of climate change.
The present investigation was carried out at Horticultural Research Centre (HRC), Patharchatta, G... more The present investigation was carried out at Horticultural Research Centre (HRC), Patharchatta, GBPUAT Satluj Purple and Kala Amritsari. The pollen morphology (polar length and equatorial diameter) was measured through scanning electron microscope (SEM), while the pollen viability and germination were determined by acetocarmine and sucrose solution test, respectively. The results demonstrated that polar length and equatorial diameter was more in Kala Amritsari, while Satluj Purple was smaller in size; however, the polar/equatorial diameter (P/E) ratio was more under Satluj Purple. Moreover, the pollen viability and germination were higher in Satluj Purple as compared to Kala Amritsari.
Encompassing 1.69% land area of India, Uttarakhand State sustains more than 25% species of flower... more Encompassing 1.69% land area of India, Uttarakhand State sustains more than 25% species of flowering plants of India reflecting richness of flora. Large numbers of species in the state are threatened and several sources have come up with their own lists of threatened species using different threat categories leading to ambiguity. This communication attempts to compile a complete list of threatened Angiosperm species from eleven authentic sources with updated nomenclature, systematic position, original sources, threat assessment, elevational and global distribution. A total of 290 species belonging to 176 genera, 63 families, and 29 orders are listed which represent about 6% of the total flora. Elevational distribution of species shows that the 2–3 km elevation zone harbors more than half of the threatened flora (52.14%) and more than 44% endemic species despite the fact that maximum species richness is known in the 1–2 km elevation zone. Perusal of literature shows that selecti...
Abstract The aim of the study was to compare the chemical composition and biological activities o... more Abstract The aim of the study was to compare the chemical composition and biological activities of Coleus barbatus aerial part essential oil (CBAEO) and Coleus barbatus root part essential oil (CBREO). The hydrodistilled essential oils (EOs) were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and biological activities were investigated in terms of antioxidant, in vitro anti-inflammatory, herbicidal, antibacterial, antifungal and antifeedant properties. GC-MS analysis led to the identification of 45 and 59 components contributing 86.7 % and 85.8 % in CBAEO and CBREO respectively. CBAEO was dominated by oxygenated monoterpenes (31.1 %) while CBREO was dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons (29.1 %). The EOs exhibited good to moderate antioxidant potential assayed by DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide radical and superoxide radical scavenging, reducing power and metal chelating activity. CBREO showed good anti-inflammatory activity (76.9 %) than CBAEO (64.7 %). Both the EOs exhibited moderate herbicidal potential against Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus seeds. CBREO was observed to exhibit more antibacterial efficacy than CBAEO against Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli. Both EOs exhibited significant antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata and Curvularia lunata and a strong antifeedant activity against third instar larvae of Spilosoma obliqua. The results obtained revealed strong to moderate efficacy of CBAEO and CBREO, which might serve as a bioactive source of natural antioxidants and an anti-inflammatory agent. The significant herbicidal, antimicrobial and anti-feedant activities of both the EOs might be helpful for the development of environmentally benign herbicides, fungicides and natural anti-feedant that could be an alternative of synthetic chemicals in future after proper clinical trials.
Odontostemma balfouriana (W.W.Sm.) Satish Chandra & D.S.Rawat is recorded here as a new record fo... more Odontostemma balfouriana (W.W.Sm.) Satish Chandra & D.S.Rawat is recorded here as a new record for the flora of India. Surprisingly, the species (previously known as Arenaria balfouriana W.W.Sm.) was erroneously considered to be a synonym of Stellaria depauperata Edgew. After examining protologues, fresh specimens and herbarium specimens housed in BSD, CAL and DD, the authors have resolved this taxonomic confusion and provided a new combination and lectotype for Arenaria balfouriana. Additionally, Stellaria depauperata, illegitimately combined under Arenaria, is resurrected and recognised as a distinct species.
Silene incurvifolia Kar. & Kir., collected from Hanuman Chatti area of Chamoli, Uttarakhand, ... more Silene incurvifolia Kar. & Kir., collected from Hanuman Chatti area of Chamoli, Uttarakhand, after critical study was found to be a new record for India. It is being described along with illustration, photograph and identification key.
Silene nigrescens has been re-collected after a gap of 130 years from Pangarchulla area of Distri... more Silene nigrescens has been re-collected after a gap of 130 years from Pangarchulla area of District Chamoli, Uttarakhand, India. This species was earlier collected by J.F. Duthie from the above-mentioned location in 1885. On the basis of J.F. Duthie’s collection this species is known from only two localities (Pangarchula area and Nila valley) in western Himalaya. Due to a dispersed type of distribution, extremely rare occurrence and poor herbarium history, this species should be considered as a conservation dependent species in the western Himalaya.
Essential Oils in Food Preservation, Flavor and Safety, 2016
Abstract Food is the first requirement for human being. In modern era, packaged foods are becomin... more Abstract Food is the first requirement for human being. In modern era, packaged foods are becoming a popular practice. For long-term sustainability of the natural qualities of foods, various food preservatives are used in packaged foods. A novel food preservative should have qualities to protect and save the foods from oxidative deterioration, spoilage, and pathogenic attack of microorganisms and be safe for human use. Essential oils are good natural food preservatives and flavoring agents and are the complex mixtures of mono and sesquiterpenoides. They have a complex composition, the potency of their essential oils, and their mode of action to preserve or flavor the foods varies from species to species. Moreover synergetic and antagonistic effects of the major and minor constituents have to be considered. In present chapter, the chemical variation of essential oils of different Hedychium species from different ecological niches of the Indian Himalayas is presented. The major marker compounds of the oils were 1,8-cineole, linalool, limonene, caryophyllene, eudesmols, and α-cadinol, etc. Among these compounds linalool and limonene are used as flavor agents while the other compounds in pure form or in the oil are used as antioxidants to prevent oxidative deterioration and to save the foods from the spoilage by attack of pathogens. Because of its pleasant spicy aroma and taste, 1,8-cineol (eucalyptol) is also used in flavorings, fragrances, and cosmetics. Cineole-based oils are used as flavoring in various products, including baked goods, confectionery, meat products and beverages. Linalool is used as antimicrobial agent. These major compounds present in Hedychium species, if isolated, can be good food preservative besides source of iron, manganese, zinc, cadmium, nickel, phosphorus, and nitrogen which are present in them.
The current study describes the analysis of the phytochemical composition and biological activiti... more The current study describes the analysis of the phytochemical composition and biological activities of various polarity extracts of the Anaphalis busua plant that was collected at an altitude of 1654 m in the Himalayan terrain of Uttarakhand, India. The extracts were prepared by the cold percolation method, which was then subjected to GC-MS for phytochemical analysis. A total of 31 compounds were identified that constituted 94.95% of the total methanolic extract. Mome inositol (31.03%) was identified as the main compound in the methanolic extract. Twenty-two compounds that comprise 68.24% of the total hexane extract were identified. Tetracontane (19.33%) was present in a significant proportion. The methanolic extract demonstrated potent antioxidant activity in terms of DPPH radical scavenging and metal chelating activity that have IC50 values of 81.71±1.334 and 11.26±0.005 µg/mL, respectively, compared to standards ascorbic acid and EDTA that have IC50 values at 12.71±0.02 and 11.36...
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Globba sessiliflora Sims is an aromatic rhizomatous herb of family Zingiberaceae which is endemic... more Globba sessiliflora Sims is an aromatic rhizomatous herb of family Zingiberaceae which is endemic to Peninsular India. This study first reports the phytochemical profile and pesticidal potential of oleoresins obtained from the aerial and rhizome parts of Globba sessiliflora Sims. The oleoresins were prepared by the cold percolation method and were analyzed by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Both the oleoresins varied greatly in composition, the major compounds identified in aerial part oleoresin (GSAO) were methyl linoleate, methyl palmitate, and phytol, while the major compounds present in rhizome part oleoresin (GSRO) were γ-sitosterol, 8 (17),12-labdadiene-15, 16-dial, methyl linoleate, and methyl palmitate. In order to evaluate the biological activities, the oleoresins were tested under laboratory conditions for nematicidal action and inhibition of egg hatching potential against root knot nematode, where GSRO was more effective. Insecticidal activity was p...
Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth is an established medicinal plant. It is widespread from subalpi... more Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth is an established medicinal plant. It is widespread from subalpine to alpine region of India as well. Medicinal properties due to the presence of iridoid glycosides, phenolic glycosides, and cucurbitacin glycosides are well established. Depletion natural or otherwise of this plant are due to described reasons in this communication including elicitors and biogenesis of secondary metabolites. Since, leads are available for various effects and the fact of combinatorial molecules and propagational strategies makes its further value. Cellular effects during cultures in cell lines of this plant using elicitors of microenvironment of certain cell lines such as hyperhydricities, flowering, metabolites promoting for various molecular behaviours in plants during regime(s) of climate change.
The present investigation was carried out at Horticultural Research Centre (HRC), Patharchatta, G... more The present investigation was carried out at Horticultural Research Centre (HRC), Patharchatta, GBPUAT Satluj Purple and Kala Amritsari. The pollen morphology (polar length and equatorial diameter) was measured through scanning electron microscope (SEM), while the pollen viability and germination were determined by acetocarmine and sucrose solution test, respectively. The results demonstrated that polar length and equatorial diameter was more in Kala Amritsari, while Satluj Purple was smaller in size; however, the polar/equatorial diameter (P/E) ratio was more under Satluj Purple. Moreover, the pollen viability and germination were higher in Satluj Purple as compared to Kala Amritsari.
Encompassing 1.69% land area of India, Uttarakhand State sustains more than 25% species of flower... more Encompassing 1.69% land area of India, Uttarakhand State sustains more than 25% species of flowering plants of India reflecting richness of flora. Large numbers of species in the state are threatened and several sources have come up with their own lists of threatened species using different threat categories leading to ambiguity. This communication attempts to compile a complete list of threatened Angiosperm species from eleven authentic sources with updated nomenclature, systematic position, original sources, threat assessment, elevational and global distribution. A total of 290 species belonging to 176 genera, 63 families, and 29 orders are listed which represent about 6% of the total flora. Elevational distribution of species shows that the 2–3 km elevation zone harbors more than half of the threatened flora (52.14%) and more than 44% endemic species despite the fact that maximum species richness is known in the 1–2 km elevation zone. Perusal of literature shows that selecti...
Abstract The aim of the study was to compare the chemical composition and biological activities o... more Abstract The aim of the study was to compare the chemical composition and biological activities of Coleus barbatus aerial part essential oil (CBAEO) and Coleus barbatus root part essential oil (CBREO). The hydrodistilled essential oils (EOs) were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and biological activities were investigated in terms of antioxidant, in vitro anti-inflammatory, herbicidal, antibacterial, antifungal and antifeedant properties. GC-MS analysis led to the identification of 45 and 59 components contributing 86.7 % and 85.8 % in CBAEO and CBREO respectively. CBAEO was dominated by oxygenated monoterpenes (31.1 %) while CBREO was dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons (29.1 %). The EOs exhibited good to moderate antioxidant potential assayed by DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide radical and superoxide radical scavenging, reducing power and metal chelating activity. CBREO showed good anti-inflammatory activity (76.9 %) than CBAEO (64.7 %). Both the EOs exhibited moderate herbicidal potential against Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus seeds. CBREO was observed to exhibit more antibacterial efficacy than CBAEO against Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli. Both EOs exhibited significant antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata and Curvularia lunata and a strong antifeedant activity against third instar larvae of Spilosoma obliqua. The results obtained revealed strong to moderate efficacy of CBAEO and CBREO, which might serve as a bioactive source of natural antioxidants and an anti-inflammatory agent. The significant herbicidal, antimicrobial and anti-feedant activities of both the EOs might be helpful for the development of environmentally benign herbicides, fungicides and natural anti-feedant that could be an alternative of synthetic chemicals in future after proper clinical trials.
Odontostemma balfouriana (W.W.Sm.) Satish Chandra & D.S.Rawat is recorded here as a new record fo... more Odontostemma balfouriana (W.W.Sm.) Satish Chandra & D.S.Rawat is recorded here as a new record for the flora of India. Surprisingly, the species (previously known as Arenaria balfouriana W.W.Sm.) was erroneously considered to be a synonym of Stellaria depauperata Edgew. After examining protologues, fresh specimens and herbarium specimens housed in BSD, CAL and DD, the authors have resolved this taxonomic confusion and provided a new combination and lectotype for Arenaria balfouriana. Additionally, Stellaria depauperata, illegitimately combined under Arenaria, is resurrected and recognised as a distinct species.
Silene incurvifolia Kar. & Kir., collected from Hanuman Chatti area of Chamoli, Uttarakhand, ... more Silene incurvifolia Kar. & Kir., collected from Hanuman Chatti area of Chamoli, Uttarakhand, after critical study was found to be a new record for India. It is being described along with illustration, photograph and identification key.
Silene nigrescens has been re-collected after a gap of 130 years from Pangarchulla area of Distri... more Silene nigrescens has been re-collected after a gap of 130 years from Pangarchulla area of District Chamoli, Uttarakhand, India. This species was earlier collected by J.F. Duthie from the above-mentioned location in 1885. On the basis of J.F. Duthie’s collection this species is known from only two localities (Pangarchula area and Nila valley) in western Himalaya. Due to a dispersed type of distribution, extremely rare occurrence and poor herbarium history, this species should be considered as a conservation dependent species in the western Himalaya.
Essential Oils in Food Preservation, Flavor and Safety, 2016
Abstract Food is the first requirement for human being. In modern era, packaged foods are becomin... more Abstract Food is the first requirement for human being. In modern era, packaged foods are becoming a popular practice. For long-term sustainability of the natural qualities of foods, various food preservatives are used in packaged foods. A novel food preservative should have qualities to protect and save the foods from oxidative deterioration, spoilage, and pathogenic attack of microorganisms and be safe for human use. Essential oils are good natural food preservatives and flavoring agents and are the complex mixtures of mono and sesquiterpenoides. They have a complex composition, the potency of their essential oils, and their mode of action to preserve or flavor the foods varies from species to species. Moreover synergetic and antagonistic effects of the major and minor constituents have to be considered. In present chapter, the chemical variation of essential oils of different Hedychium species from different ecological niches of the Indian Himalayas is presented. The major marker compounds of the oils were 1,8-cineole, linalool, limonene, caryophyllene, eudesmols, and α-cadinol, etc. Among these compounds linalool and limonene are used as flavor agents while the other compounds in pure form or in the oil are used as antioxidants to prevent oxidative deterioration and to save the foods from the spoilage by attack of pathogens. Because of its pleasant spicy aroma and taste, 1,8-cineol (eucalyptol) is also used in flavorings, fragrances, and cosmetics. Cineole-based oils are used as flavoring in various products, including baked goods, confectionery, meat products and beverages. Linalool is used as antimicrobial agent. These major compounds present in Hedychium species, if isolated, can be good food preservative besides source of iron, manganese, zinc, cadmium, nickel, phosphorus, and nitrogen which are present in them.
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Papers by Dr Dharmendra Singh Rawat