This paper attempts to explore the scientific background of Francois Bernier and his mindset behi... more This paper attempts to explore the scientific background of Francois Bernier and his mindset behind his travel accounts. Bernier enjoyed unrivalled opportunities of observation in India. He was acquainted with the leading philosophers of his days, was fully conversant with methods of historical and philosophical discourse and was capable of looking beyond the immediate occasion of an event to its ultimate cause. Bernier made an attempt to compare the different social and political structures in the oriental and occidental worlds. Further, an attempt has been made to analyze Bernier's observations of different irrationalities, superstitious beliefs and illogical customs witnessed by him in Indian religions, geography, astrology, medical science and education system. Although Bernier highlighted the French superiority in all these domains, on many occasions he drew their similarity to some of the French customs perceived as 'irrational' by him.
Indo-French diplomatic projects during the second half of the eighteenth century are a fascinatin... more Indo-French diplomatic projects during the second half of the eighteenth century are a fascinating theme although not fully researched by historians due to the unavailability of translated sources. This article tries to fill this lacuna by analyzing the understudied facets of diplomatic projects captured by five letters exchanged between the French adventurers Jean-Baptiste Chevalier and Rene Madec. It attempts to clear the ambiguities attached to such diplomatic projects as the Thatta Project, conceived by French adventurers and the Mughal state in order to counter the growing British colonial expansion. Despite the failure of these projects due to numerous reasons, they provide significant information about the politico-diplomatic efforts of the Mughal and French authorities, wherein the French adventurers played a crucial role.
The nexus between mass tourism and politics has been widely validated in tourism literature; none... more The nexus between mass tourism and politics has been widely validated in tourism literature; nonetheless, the impacts of political putsches on ecotourism are understudied in the context of the Pacific Islands, i.e., Fiji. This study aims to investigate how Fiji's political upheavals impacted ecotourism after examining ecotourist arrivals and revenue generated at KNHP from its inception till 2018. Additionally, it presents a comparative analysis of Fiji coups on tourism and ecotourism and examines the recovery pattern of ecotourism in the post-coup stage. The study implies both empirical and non-empirical methods. This research is based on field visits to the Abaca ecotourism project, Lautoka, from 2017 to 2019, and has employed quantitative data of Abaca's tourist revenue records; supplemented by conducting oral unstructured interviews of the Abaca project manager through talanoa sessions. The collected data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and STATA and Augmented Di...
Many French travelers were rational observers and so they criticized the Indian superstitious and... more Many French travelers were rational observers and so they criticized the Indian superstitious and irrational beliefs propagated by the Brahmans. The scientific and rational mind of Occidental travelers and adventurers were surprise to see the irrational and superstitious customs prevailing in Orient world. European renaissance had an impact on the understanding of these voyagers which questioned the Oriental absurd, aberrant and bizaare practices of India. The objective of this paper is to highlight the observations of French travelers and adventurers about Indian superstitious practices and its implications. First hand sources have been used in this article in order to examine the Orient preposterous world through French eyes.Francois Bernier was the foremost among the all rational travelers who visited in India. He was influenced by the philosophy and scientific principles of Pierre Gassendi. It was Monsieur Chapelle1 who first acquainted Bernier to Pierre Gassendi. Bernier in his...
Indo-French diplomatic projects during the second half of the eighteenth century are a fascinatin... more Indo-French diplomatic projects during the second half of the eighteenth century are a fascinating theme although not fully researched by historians due to lack of translated material available. This article tries to fill this lacuna with analyzing the rare facets of diplomatic projects through the correspondence of five letters between Chevalier and Madec. Attempt has been made to clear the ambiguities attached to the diplomatic project such as Thatta Project, made between French adventurers and Mughal inorder to counter the growing British colonial expansion. Despite the failure of these projects due to numerous reasons, still they remained an significant piece of information which highlights the political diplomatic efforts between Indo-French authorities, where French adventurers played an crucial role in these projects.
Pakistan Historical Society. Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society, 2014
In order to understand the significance of the French adventurers in 10th century India, one need... more In order to understand the significance of the French adventurers in 10th century India, one needs to analyse their biographies which have not been researched properly till date. Thus one begins to systematically scrutinizing the biographies of the French travellers and adventurers, starting from the earliest traveller in the beginning of seventeenth century. The travellers who visited India in the eighteenth century looked hardly like tourists and were less romantic in the Colonial period and the majority left their homeland to seek a fortune that they believed easier to acquire in the Orient.1* Jean Marie Lafont, Lt. General Gurbir Mansingh, Shelford Bidwell, H.G. Keene, Herbert Crompton, G.B. Malleson, S.P. Sen, C. Grey, Inayet Ali Zaidi, Lester Hutchinson and others have analyzed several facets relating to the French adventurers contribution in India,2 but a lacuna persist to properly analyse the biographies of these French adventurers who visited India during the eighteenth cen...
The Judicial system of India and France was highlighted by French travelers and adventurers who t... more The Judicial system of India and France was highlighted by French travelers and adventurers who traveled in India during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Their records became significant source of information to compare and contrast the judicial system of both the countries. This article makes attempt to give a these voyagers treatise on judicial system of the oriental and occidental worlds. In which significant French travelers such as Francois Bernier, Jean Chardin, Anquetil Duperron and Comte de Modave wrote extensively about the positive and negatives of the judicial system of both countries. Several first hand French sources [translated and untranslated] have been referred in this article in order to make a comprehensive review of judicial system of India through French prospective.
French travelers' descriptions about India during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries we... more French travelers' descriptions about India during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were an invaluable historical value to ascertain the Occident perception over Oriental world [Mughal India]. These French travelers and adventurers gave a fascinating insight as travelers's records about the commercial and mercantile avenues of India. They have also emphatically stressed upon the menace of the robbers and thieves to the French commercial operation in India. These warning were really important for the French agents, merchants, adventurers and other commercial officers who wanted to do successful business with safety in India. The objective of this article is to evaluate the narratives of these French voyagers in regard to these major threats from pirates, robbers, half-caste Portuguese, bils, koullys, mawatis, loutchas, malabaris and angrias to their commercial ventures. One will analyze different kinds of thieves and robbers who remained a constant problem and their me...
This paper attempts to explore the scientific background of Francois Bernier and his mindset behi... more This paper attempts to explore the scientific background of Francois Bernier and his mindset behind his travel accounts. Bernier enjoyed unrivalled opportunities of observation in India. He was acquainted with the leading philosophers of his days, was fully conversant with methods of historical and philosophical discourse and was capable of looking beyond the immediate occasion of an event to its ultimate cause. Bernier made an attempt to compare the different social and political structures in the oriental and occidental worlds. Further, an attempt has been made to analyze Bernier's observations of different irrationalities, superstitious beliefs and illogical customs witnessed by him in Indian religions, geography, astrology, medical science and education system. Although Bernier highlighted the French superiority in all these domains, on many occasions he drew their similarity to some of the French customs perceived as 'irrational' by him.
Indo-French diplomatic projects during the second half of the eighteenth century are a fascinatin... more Indo-French diplomatic projects during the second half of the eighteenth century are a fascinating theme although not fully researched by historians due to the unavailability of translated sources. This article tries to fill this lacuna by analyzing the understudied facets of diplomatic projects captured by five letters exchanged between the French adventurers Jean-Baptiste Chevalier and Rene Madec. It attempts to clear the ambiguities attached to such diplomatic projects as the Thatta Project, conceived by French adventurers and the Mughal state in order to counter the growing British colonial expansion. Despite the failure of these projects due to numerous reasons, they provide significant information about the politico-diplomatic efforts of the Mughal and French authorities, wherein the French adventurers played a crucial role.
The nexus between mass tourism and politics has been widely validated in tourism literature; none... more The nexus between mass tourism and politics has been widely validated in tourism literature; nonetheless, the impacts of political putsches on ecotourism are understudied in the context of the Pacific Islands, i.e., Fiji. This study aims to investigate how Fiji's political upheavals impacted ecotourism after examining ecotourist arrivals and revenue generated at KNHP from its inception till 2018. Additionally, it presents a comparative analysis of Fiji coups on tourism and ecotourism and examines the recovery pattern of ecotourism in the post-coup stage. The study implies both empirical and non-empirical methods. This research is based on field visits to the Abaca ecotourism project, Lautoka, from 2017 to 2019, and has employed quantitative data of Abaca's tourist revenue records; supplemented by conducting oral unstructured interviews of the Abaca project manager through talanoa sessions. The collected data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and STATA and Augmented Di...
Many French travelers were rational observers and so they criticized the Indian superstitious and... more Many French travelers were rational observers and so they criticized the Indian superstitious and irrational beliefs propagated by the Brahmans. The scientific and rational mind of Occidental travelers and adventurers were surprise to see the irrational and superstitious customs prevailing in Orient world. European renaissance had an impact on the understanding of these voyagers which questioned the Oriental absurd, aberrant and bizaare practices of India. The objective of this paper is to highlight the observations of French travelers and adventurers about Indian superstitious practices and its implications. First hand sources have been used in this article in order to examine the Orient preposterous world through French eyes.Francois Bernier was the foremost among the all rational travelers who visited in India. He was influenced by the philosophy and scientific principles of Pierre Gassendi. It was Monsieur Chapelle1 who first acquainted Bernier to Pierre Gassendi. Bernier in his...
Indo-French diplomatic projects during the second half of the eighteenth century are a fascinatin... more Indo-French diplomatic projects during the second half of the eighteenth century are a fascinating theme although not fully researched by historians due to lack of translated material available. This article tries to fill this lacuna with analyzing the rare facets of diplomatic projects through the correspondence of five letters between Chevalier and Madec. Attempt has been made to clear the ambiguities attached to the diplomatic project such as Thatta Project, made between French adventurers and Mughal inorder to counter the growing British colonial expansion. Despite the failure of these projects due to numerous reasons, still they remained an significant piece of information which highlights the political diplomatic efforts between Indo-French authorities, where French adventurers played an crucial role in these projects.
Pakistan Historical Society. Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society, 2014
In order to understand the significance of the French adventurers in 10th century India, one need... more In order to understand the significance of the French adventurers in 10th century India, one needs to analyse their biographies which have not been researched properly till date. Thus one begins to systematically scrutinizing the biographies of the French travellers and adventurers, starting from the earliest traveller in the beginning of seventeenth century. The travellers who visited India in the eighteenth century looked hardly like tourists and were less romantic in the Colonial period and the majority left their homeland to seek a fortune that they believed easier to acquire in the Orient.1* Jean Marie Lafont, Lt. General Gurbir Mansingh, Shelford Bidwell, H.G. Keene, Herbert Crompton, G.B. Malleson, S.P. Sen, C. Grey, Inayet Ali Zaidi, Lester Hutchinson and others have analyzed several facets relating to the French adventurers contribution in India,2 but a lacuna persist to properly analyse the biographies of these French adventurers who visited India during the eighteenth cen...
The Judicial system of India and France was highlighted by French travelers and adventurers who t... more The Judicial system of India and France was highlighted by French travelers and adventurers who traveled in India during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Their records became significant source of information to compare and contrast the judicial system of both the countries. This article makes attempt to give a these voyagers treatise on judicial system of the oriental and occidental worlds. In which significant French travelers such as Francois Bernier, Jean Chardin, Anquetil Duperron and Comte de Modave wrote extensively about the positive and negatives of the judicial system of both countries. Several first hand French sources [translated and untranslated] have been referred in this article in order to make a comprehensive review of judicial system of India through French prospective.
French travelers' descriptions about India during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries we... more French travelers' descriptions about India during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were an invaluable historical value to ascertain the Occident perception over Oriental world [Mughal India]. These French travelers and adventurers gave a fascinating insight as travelers's records about the commercial and mercantile avenues of India. They have also emphatically stressed upon the menace of the robbers and thieves to the French commercial operation in India. These warning were really important for the French agents, merchants, adventurers and other commercial officers who wanted to do successful business with safety in India. The objective of this article is to evaluate the narratives of these French voyagers in regard to these major threats from pirates, robbers, half-caste Portuguese, bils, koullys, mawatis, loutchas, malabaris and angrias to their commercial ventures. One will analyze different kinds of thieves and robbers who remained a constant problem and their me...
Uploads
Papers by Dr. Sakul Kundra