A survey was conducted in the locality of Uruli Kanchan, Tehsil Haveli, Dist Pune, Maharashtra (L... more A survey was conducted in the locality of Uruli Kanchan, Tehsil Haveli, Dist Pune, Maharashtra (Latitude: 18° 29′ 14.7336″. Longitude: 74° 8′ 0.1392) in order to know and document whether the milking bovines are suffering from diseases either currently or in previously in order to know their health status and suggest ways to improve them by the health department. The survey included all milking bovines like cows, buffaloes, and goats that are the majority of the selected locality. These types of bovines had an earlier history of suffering from various diseases like mastitis, ringworm, and anthrax, from which the majority have recovered and are healthy now. This survey includes a personal visit to the owners’ premises, collecting related information directly, and recording the response. The questions asked during the interaction are also attached.
Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology, Jun 1, 2022
PURPOSE One of the major causes of death of women throughout the world is cervical cancer (CC) ca... more PURPOSE One of the major causes of death of women throughout the world is cervical cancer (CC) caused primarily due to Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) 16 and 18. Early-region (E) oncoproteins of HPV are associated with the pathogenesis of the virus and contribute to the progression of cancer. In this review article, the structural organization and biological functions of all the E proteins of HPV and their contribution to cervical cancer (CC) progression and their relationship with individual hallmarks are studied. Additionally, the impacts of therapeutics on E proteins are being presented. METHODS A systematic search has been carried out for articles published in PubMed databases by using combinations of keywords including cervical cancer, HPV, E proteins, and signaling. RESULTS It was observed that E proteins are the major contributor to disease progression. E1, E2, and E4 are mainly associated with viral integration, replication, and transcription whereas E6, E7 act as an oncoprotein and are associated with the progression of cancer. E5 regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and supports the activity of E6 and E7. PI3K/AKT, Wnt, Notch pathways were associated with E proteins involved in the initiation of malignancy, cell proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. The inhibition and therapeutic approach for each E protein are shown here. CONCLUSION Findings of the present study showed that E6 and E7 are the major cause of HPV-mediated cervical cancer progression. E1, E2, and E5 also act as a backbone for E6 and E7 and most of the current approaches have targeted E6 and E7 mediated action only. Therefore, targeting these proteins and inactivating them in some aspects of their signaling pathways can prove to be promising anti-oncogenic therapeutic approaches. In essence, this review illustrates the roles, functions, structural organization, and inhibition of all the early proteins of HPV and several cellular signaling pathways related to these proteins and how those inhibitions could cause an impact on therapeutics that are being studied. Future studies could be focused on developing therapeutic strategies that will inhibit the activity of E6 and E7 oncoproteins and will be able to reduce cervical cancer progression.
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) tends to damage key cellular machinery. Cells may adapt by developing... more Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) tends to damage key cellular machinery. Cells may adapt by developing several defence mechanisms as a response to such damage; otherwise, their destiny is cell death. Since cyanobacteria are primary biotic components and also important biomass producers, any drastic effects caused by UVR may imbalance the entire ecosystem. Cyanobacteria are exposed to UVR in their natural habitats. This exposure can cause oxidative stress which affects cellular morphology and vital processes such as cell growth and differentiation, pigmentation, photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, and enzyme activity, as well as alterations in the native structure of biomolecules such as proteins and DNA. The high resilience and several mitigation strategies adopted by a cyanobacterial community in the face of UV stress are attributed to the activation of several photo/dark repair mechanisms, avoidance, scavenging, screening, antioxidant systems, and the biosynthesis of UV photoprotectan...
Las limitaciones técnicas y el uso de impulsores genéticos para abordar problemas ecológicos modi... more Las limitaciones técnicas y el uso de impulsores genéticos para abordar problemas ecológicos modificando todas las poblaciones de especies salvajes siguen siendo principalmente especulativos. Aquí examinamos la posibilidad de que los impulsores genéticos guiados por ARN y basados en la nucleasa CRISPR Cas9 puedan utilizarse como un enfoque global para introducir características modificadas en poblaciones naturales durante un largo periodo. Esbozamos las capacidades potenciales y las posibles desventajas y ofrecemos nuevas medidas preventivas para detener la propagación de genes y deshacer las modificaciones genéticas. La edición de la población animal sexual beneficiaría notablemente tanto a las personas como al medio ambiente. Por ejemplo, los impulsores genéticos guiados por ARN podrían detener la propagación de enfermedades, ayudar a la agricultura corrigiendo los bichos y malas hierbas químicos y la resistencia a los herbicidas, y gestionar especies invasoras dañinas. Sin embarg...
Soil is a natural heterogeneous material and from its formation process, heat transfer capacity (... more Soil is a natural heterogeneous material and from its formation process, heat transfer capacity (thermal conductivity) of soil is playing vital role in many engineering applications. The aim of this research study is to enhance thermal conductivity using natural and treated bacteria from soil samples procured from four different regions namely Dholera, Navsari, Sabarmati River, and Madhavpur of Gujarat, India. To fulfill this objective, thermal conductivity test set‐up was indigenously developed based on guarded hot plate method and is calibrated up to 150°C temperature. The colonies of microorganisms available in soil were studied by serial dilution and spread plate technique. Further, influence of microorganisms on soil structure aggregation pre and post treatment was analyzed by microscope. Four types of microorganisms were introduced in the soil and the thermal conductivity of sample is measured for curing period of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The results indicate increment in k val...
To determine role of antigens released in vivo and in vitro in immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis (T... more To determine role of antigens released in vivo and in vitro in immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). In vivo released circulating tuberculosis antigen (CTA) was obtained from TB sera by ammonium sulphate precipitation and in vitro released excretory-secretory (ES) antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate. CTA and ES antigens were fractionated by SDS-PAGE and electro-eluted gel fractions were analysed for antigen by ELISA. Low molecular weight proteins CTA-9 and ES-9 showed high titre of antigen activity. To explore the diagnostic potential of low molecular weight ES antigen, M. tuberculosis ES antigen was further fractionated by gel filtration chromatography followed by purification on anion exchange column using fast protein liquid chromatography and a highly seroreactive ESG-5D (ES-20) antigen was obtained. Competitive inhibition showed that CTA-9 and ES-9 antigens inhibit the binding of ES-20 antigen to its antibody. Seroanalysis showed sensitivity of 83 and 80% for ES-20 antigen and antibody detection, respectively, in pulmonary TB and 90% in lymph node TB. Seroreactivity studies using M. tuberculosis ES-20 antigen showed usefulness in detection of TB; in particular, lymph node TB.
The prevalence of cervical cancer in women is in the fourth position among various other types of... more The prevalence of cervical cancer in women is in the fourth position among various other types of cancer globally. Many established therapies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and immunomodulation, are present, but high levels of side effects cause mortality and morbidity among the patients. Zingiber officinale rhizome (ZOME) has been potentially used to cure a variety of ailments and diseases. The aqueous ZOME extract also contains ample phytochemical constituents having anticancer effects on different cancers. The cell viability of HeLa cells was evaluated using MTT assay with IC50 at 97mg/mL. Furthermore, a significant level of ROS generation causes the apoptosis of the cells. Nuclear staining dye DAPI and Hoechst 33342 showed DNA’s fragmented and condensed form. Propidium Iodide staining showed necrotic or late-apoptotic cells. While acidic organelle dye LysoTracker and MitoTracker dye along with dual staining showed significant results. In silico studies were carried out using identified phytochemicals from GC-MS analysis with pharmacokinetics properties (ADMET), and targeted toward receptor proteins for molecular docking. Ligands with high docked scores were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations at 310K for 100ns. In vitro and in silicon investigations in our studies showed that aqueous ZOME extract can be used as an efficient therapy against cervical cancer treatment as it showed significant cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects toward the HeLa cell line.
Epigenetic modifications are inherited differences in cellular phenotypes, such as cell gene expr... more Epigenetic modifications are inherited differences in cellular phenotypes, such as cell gene expression alterations, that occur during somatic cell divisions (also, in rare circumstances, in germ line transmission), but no alterations to the DNA sequence are involved. Histone alterations, polycomb/trithorax associated proteins, short non-coding or short RNAs, long non—coding RNAs (lncRNAs), & DNA methylation are just a few biological processes involved in epigenetic events. These various modifications are intricately linked. The transcriptional potential of genes is closely conditioned by epigenetic control, which is crucial in normal growth and development. Epigenetic mechanisms transmit genomic adaptation to an environment, resulting in a specific phenotype. The purpose of this systematic review is to glance at the roles of Estrogen signalling, polycomb/trithorax associated proteins, DNA methylation in breast cancer progression, as well as epigenetic mechanisms in breast cancer th...
Onchocerciasis is a neglected tropical disease that is prevalent throughout Africa, including dev... more Onchocerciasis is a neglected tropical disease that is prevalent throughout Africa, including developing countries such as Ethiopia. It affects around 37 million people, the majority of whom are from Africa. As a result, the study was designed to look into the community’s knowledge, attitude, and practice about the onchocerciasis elimination campaign. Four communities from Gesha town, Southwest Ethiopia, were chosen. The population was selected using a basic random selection procedure, and 312 people were identified for the study based on the eligibility requirements, with 302 (96.79%) of them responding correctly. The data were analyzed using the descriptive method with the SPSS program version 20. It was discovered that the majority of communities (89.4%) are aware of onchocerciasis. They also have a good awareness of the severity, preventability, therapy, and mode of transmission, yet they have certain misunderstandings. The communities attitude towards community directed therapy...
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects 2%–3% of the population... more Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects 2%–3% of the population worldwide. Clinical presentation of PD includes motor and non‐motor symptoms. The interplay between pathogenic factors such as increased oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis are responsible for neurodegeneration in PD. Intrastriatal administration of 6‐hydroxy dopamine (6‐OHDA) in rat brain provoked oxidative and nitrosative stress by decreasing endogenous antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Consequently, interleukin‐6, tumour necrosis‐α, interferon‐γ and cyclooxygenase‐2 mediated neuroinflammation leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, involving inhibition of complex‐II and IV activities, followed by apoptosis and degeneration of striatal dopaminergic neurons. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons resulted in reduced dopamine turnover, consequently induced behavioural abn...
The Journal Of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, 2021
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a global health concern owing to its complexity, which often poses a ... more Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a global health concern owing to its complexity, which often poses a great challenge to the development of therapeutic approaches. No single theory has yet accounted for the various risk factors leading to the pathological and clinical manifestations of dementia-type AD. Therefore, treatment options targeting various molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease have been unsuccessful. However, the exploration of various immunotherapeutic avenues revitalizes hope after decades of disappointment. The hallmark of a good immunotherapeutic candidate is not only to remove amyloid plaques but also to slow cognitive decline. In line with this, both active and passive immunotherapy have shown success and limitations. Recent approval of aducanumab for the treatment of AD demonstrates how close passive immunotherapy is to being successful. However, several major bottlenecks still need to be resolved. This review outlines recent successes and challenges in t...
A survey was conducted in the locality of Uruli Kanchan, Tehsil Haveli, Dist Pune, Maharashtra (L... more A survey was conducted in the locality of Uruli Kanchan, Tehsil Haveli, Dist Pune, Maharashtra (Latitude: 18° 29′ 14.7336″. Longitude: 74° 8′ 0.1392) in order to know and document whether the milking bovines are suffering from diseases either currently or in previously in order to know their health status and suggest ways to improve them by the health department. The survey included all milking bovines like cows, buffaloes, and goats that are the majority of the selected locality. These types of bovines had an earlier history of suffering from various diseases like mastitis, ringworm, and anthrax, from which the majority have recovered and are healthy now. This survey includes a personal visit to the owners’ premises, collecting related information directly, and recording the response. The questions asked during the interaction are also attached.
Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology, Jun 1, 2022
PURPOSE One of the major causes of death of women throughout the world is cervical cancer (CC) ca... more PURPOSE One of the major causes of death of women throughout the world is cervical cancer (CC) caused primarily due to Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) 16 and 18. Early-region (E) oncoproteins of HPV are associated with the pathogenesis of the virus and contribute to the progression of cancer. In this review article, the structural organization and biological functions of all the E proteins of HPV and their contribution to cervical cancer (CC) progression and their relationship with individual hallmarks are studied. Additionally, the impacts of therapeutics on E proteins are being presented. METHODS A systematic search has been carried out for articles published in PubMed databases by using combinations of keywords including cervical cancer, HPV, E proteins, and signaling. RESULTS It was observed that E proteins are the major contributor to disease progression. E1, E2, and E4 are mainly associated with viral integration, replication, and transcription whereas E6, E7 act as an oncoprotein and are associated with the progression of cancer. E5 regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and supports the activity of E6 and E7. PI3K/AKT, Wnt, Notch pathways were associated with E proteins involved in the initiation of malignancy, cell proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. The inhibition and therapeutic approach for each E protein are shown here. CONCLUSION Findings of the present study showed that E6 and E7 are the major cause of HPV-mediated cervical cancer progression. E1, E2, and E5 also act as a backbone for E6 and E7 and most of the current approaches have targeted E6 and E7 mediated action only. Therefore, targeting these proteins and inactivating them in some aspects of their signaling pathways can prove to be promising anti-oncogenic therapeutic approaches. In essence, this review illustrates the roles, functions, structural organization, and inhibition of all the early proteins of HPV and several cellular signaling pathways related to these proteins and how those inhibitions could cause an impact on therapeutics that are being studied. Future studies could be focused on developing therapeutic strategies that will inhibit the activity of E6 and E7 oncoproteins and will be able to reduce cervical cancer progression.
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) tends to damage key cellular machinery. Cells may adapt by developing... more Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) tends to damage key cellular machinery. Cells may adapt by developing several defence mechanisms as a response to such damage; otherwise, their destiny is cell death. Since cyanobacteria are primary biotic components and also important biomass producers, any drastic effects caused by UVR may imbalance the entire ecosystem. Cyanobacteria are exposed to UVR in their natural habitats. This exposure can cause oxidative stress which affects cellular morphology and vital processes such as cell growth and differentiation, pigmentation, photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, and enzyme activity, as well as alterations in the native structure of biomolecules such as proteins and DNA. The high resilience and several mitigation strategies adopted by a cyanobacterial community in the face of UV stress are attributed to the activation of several photo/dark repair mechanisms, avoidance, scavenging, screening, antioxidant systems, and the biosynthesis of UV photoprotectan...
Las limitaciones técnicas y el uso de impulsores genéticos para abordar problemas ecológicos modi... more Las limitaciones técnicas y el uso de impulsores genéticos para abordar problemas ecológicos modificando todas las poblaciones de especies salvajes siguen siendo principalmente especulativos. Aquí examinamos la posibilidad de que los impulsores genéticos guiados por ARN y basados en la nucleasa CRISPR Cas9 puedan utilizarse como un enfoque global para introducir características modificadas en poblaciones naturales durante un largo periodo. Esbozamos las capacidades potenciales y las posibles desventajas y ofrecemos nuevas medidas preventivas para detener la propagación de genes y deshacer las modificaciones genéticas. La edición de la población animal sexual beneficiaría notablemente tanto a las personas como al medio ambiente. Por ejemplo, los impulsores genéticos guiados por ARN podrían detener la propagación de enfermedades, ayudar a la agricultura corrigiendo los bichos y malas hierbas químicos y la resistencia a los herbicidas, y gestionar especies invasoras dañinas. Sin embarg...
Soil is a natural heterogeneous material and from its formation process, heat transfer capacity (... more Soil is a natural heterogeneous material and from its formation process, heat transfer capacity (thermal conductivity) of soil is playing vital role in many engineering applications. The aim of this research study is to enhance thermal conductivity using natural and treated bacteria from soil samples procured from four different regions namely Dholera, Navsari, Sabarmati River, and Madhavpur of Gujarat, India. To fulfill this objective, thermal conductivity test set‐up was indigenously developed based on guarded hot plate method and is calibrated up to 150°C temperature. The colonies of microorganisms available in soil were studied by serial dilution and spread plate technique. Further, influence of microorganisms on soil structure aggregation pre and post treatment was analyzed by microscope. Four types of microorganisms were introduced in the soil and the thermal conductivity of sample is measured for curing period of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The results indicate increment in k val...
To determine role of antigens released in vivo and in vitro in immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis (T... more To determine role of antigens released in vivo and in vitro in immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). In vivo released circulating tuberculosis antigen (CTA) was obtained from TB sera by ammonium sulphate precipitation and in vitro released excretory-secretory (ES) antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate. CTA and ES antigens were fractionated by SDS-PAGE and electro-eluted gel fractions were analysed for antigen by ELISA. Low molecular weight proteins CTA-9 and ES-9 showed high titre of antigen activity. To explore the diagnostic potential of low molecular weight ES antigen, M. tuberculosis ES antigen was further fractionated by gel filtration chromatography followed by purification on anion exchange column using fast protein liquid chromatography and a highly seroreactive ESG-5D (ES-20) antigen was obtained. Competitive inhibition showed that CTA-9 and ES-9 antigens inhibit the binding of ES-20 antigen to its antibody. Seroanalysis showed sensitivity of 83 and 80% for ES-20 antigen and antibody detection, respectively, in pulmonary TB and 90% in lymph node TB. Seroreactivity studies using M. tuberculosis ES-20 antigen showed usefulness in detection of TB; in particular, lymph node TB.
The prevalence of cervical cancer in women is in the fourth position among various other types of... more The prevalence of cervical cancer in women is in the fourth position among various other types of cancer globally. Many established therapies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and immunomodulation, are present, but high levels of side effects cause mortality and morbidity among the patients. Zingiber officinale rhizome (ZOME) has been potentially used to cure a variety of ailments and diseases. The aqueous ZOME extract also contains ample phytochemical constituents having anticancer effects on different cancers. The cell viability of HeLa cells was evaluated using MTT assay with IC50 at 97mg/mL. Furthermore, a significant level of ROS generation causes the apoptosis of the cells. Nuclear staining dye DAPI and Hoechst 33342 showed DNA’s fragmented and condensed form. Propidium Iodide staining showed necrotic or late-apoptotic cells. While acidic organelle dye LysoTracker and MitoTracker dye along with dual staining showed significant results. In silico studies were carried out using identified phytochemicals from GC-MS analysis with pharmacokinetics properties (ADMET), and targeted toward receptor proteins for molecular docking. Ligands with high docked scores were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations at 310K for 100ns. In vitro and in silicon investigations in our studies showed that aqueous ZOME extract can be used as an efficient therapy against cervical cancer treatment as it showed significant cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects toward the HeLa cell line.
Epigenetic modifications are inherited differences in cellular phenotypes, such as cell gene expr... more Epigenetic modifications are inherited differences in cellular phenotypes, such as cell gene expression alterations, that occur during somatic cell divisions (also, in rare circumstances, in germ line transmission), but no alterations to the DNA sequence are involved. Histone alterations, polycomb/trithorax associated proteins, short non-coding or short RNAs, long non—coding RNAs (lncRNAs), & DNA methylation are just a few biological processes involved in epigenetic events. These various modifications are intricately linked. The transcriptional potential of genes is closely conditioned by epigenetic control, which is crucial in normal growth and development. Epigenetic mechanisms transmit genomic adaptation to an environment, resulting in a specific phenotype. The purpose of this systematic review is to glance at the roles of Estrogen signalling, polycomb/trithorax associated proteins, DNA methylation in breast cancer progression, as well as epigenetic mechanisms in breast cancer th...
Onchocerciasis is a neglected tropical disease that is prevalent throughout Africa, including dev... more Onchocerciasis is a neglected tropical disease that is prevalent throughout Africa, including developing countries such as Ethiopia. It affects around 37 million people, the majority of whom are from Africa. As a result, the study was designed to look into the community’s knowledge, attitude, and practice about the onchocerciasis elimination campaign. Four communities from Gesha town, Southwest Ethiopia, were chosen. The population was selected using a basic random selection procedure, and 312 people were identified for the study based on the eligibility requirements, with 302 (96.79%) of them responding correctly. The data were analyzed using the descriptive method with the SPSS program version 20. It was discovered that the majority of communities (89.4%) are aware of onchocerciasis. They also have a good awareness of the severity, preventability, therapy, and mode of transmission, yet they have certain misunderstandings. The communities attitude towards community directed therapy...
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects 2%–3% of the population... more Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects 2%–3% of the population worldwide. Clinical presentation of PD includes motor and non‐motor symptoms. The interplay between pathogenic factors such as increased oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis are responsible for neurodegeneration in PD. Intrastriatal administration of 6‐hydroxy dopamine (6‐OHDA) in rat brain provoked oxidative and nitrosative stress by decreasing endogenous antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Consequently, interleukin‐6, tumour necrosis‐α, interferon‐γ and cyclooxygenase‐2 mediated neuroinflammation leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, involving inhibition of complex‐II and IV activities, followed by apoptosis and degeneration of striatal dopaminergic neurons. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons resulted in reduced dopamine turnover, consequently induced behavioural abn...
The Journal Of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, 2021
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a global health concern owing to its complexity, which often poses a ... more Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a global health concern owing to its complexity, which often poses a great challenge to the development of therapeutic approaches. No single theory has yet accounted for the various risk factors leading to the pathological and clinical manifestations of dementia-type AD. Therefore, treatment options targeting various molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease have been unsuccessful. However, the exploration of various immunotherapeutic avenues revitalizes hope after decades of disappointment. The hallmark of a good immunotherapeutic candidate is not only to remove amyloid plaques but also to slow cognitive decline. In line with this, both active and passive immunotherapy have shown success and limitations. Recent approval of aducanumab for the treatment of AD demonstrates how close passive immunotherapy is to being successful. However, several major bottlenecks still need to be resolved. This review outlines recent successes and challenges in t...
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Papers by Dr Vijay Upadhye