FORENSIC

Farmer Terms of Trade (FTT) in this study is the margin between changes (%) in prices paid by the farmers for required agricultural inputs and prices received for per units of products. Number of farmers’ suicides in Maharashtra state of the India (-0.58) and share in national figures (-0.6) is negatively associated with FTT and positively (0.76) with increasing input prices. Negative status of FTT is linked to increasing prices of agricultural inputs (-0.33) and profit is associated (0.60) with changes in prices of agricultural outputs. These, adverse economic conditions are major causes of indebtedness, deterioration of economical and social status, psychological depressions and suicides. Therefore, controlled prices of agricultural inputs and stabilized steadily growth in output prices matching to input prices are the key solutions in rescue the farmers and agriculture from its current stage.

Abused class substances use as inhalant which includes volatile solvents is endemic worldwide. Nowadays, glue sniffing is like disease to children in primary and secondary school and this problem is shown by media like a “time bomb” for our future generation. Glue is easily available and cheaper than drugs and because of that, more teenagers is using it to get ‘high’. Children who abuse glue early in life are more likely to use other illicit drugs. Later, the method of delivery is inhalation of a solvent from its container, a soaked rag, or a bag. In this study the volatile substance in glue will be determined using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy Detector (GC-MSD) with headspace method. This study proved from the results obtain that toluene is the one of the major substance this confirmed by GC-MSD with head space method. FTIR analysis of glue showed that strong absorptio...

Abstract:  Cyanoacrylate fuming is a widely used forensic tool for the development of latent fingerprints, however the mechanistic details of the reaction between the fingerprint residue and the cyanoacrylate vapor are not well understood. Here the polymerization of ethyl-cyanoacrylate vapor by sodium lactate or alanine solutions, two of the major components in fingerprint residue, has been examined by monitoring the time dependence of the mass uptake and resultant polymer molecular weight characteristics. This data provides insight into the molecular level actions in the efficient development of latent fingerprints by superglue fuming. The results show that the carboxylate moiety is the primary initiator of the polymerization process and that a basic environment inhibits chain termination while an acidic environment promotes it. The results also indicate that water cannot be the primary initiator in this forensic technique.

This paper examines the relationship between Female Literacy Rate and Total Fertility rate at district level for Rajasthan using Census 2001. This paper also attempts to examine the possible impact of the educational attainment of female on their fertility behavior in Rajasthan. Further it examines male-female differential in literacy and decadal variation in female literacy in districts of Rajasthan using Provisional Totals of Census of 2001 and 2011. This study reveals that female literacy rate is inversely linearly related to Total Fertility Rate in Rajasthan. Results shows that female literacy has improved but Government need to enforce their Programmes more effectively and enrollment of Girls/Females in School & Colleges should be promoted.

A field study was conducted during spring season in 2007–08 and 2008–09 at Muzaffarnagar to evaluate the influence of nutrient and weed management practices on yield attributes, yield, quality, nutrient uptake and economics of sugarcane. Results showed that application of 125% of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) enhanced the cane yield to the tune of 15.52 and 3.60% over 75 and 100% RDF owing to remarkable improvement in cane length, cane girth, cane weight and NMC. Sucrose, available sugar and commercial cane sugar (CCS) yield were also improved by 17.3, 23.4 and 42.6% over 75% RDF while 2.73, 3.15 and 6.84% over 100% RDF, respectively under application of 25% higher RDF. The values of juice extraction and purity per cent were remained statistically unchanged under 100 and 125% RDF but significantly improved over 75% RDF. The uptake of NPK in cane, green tops, trash as well as in total produce along with net return and B:C ratio were also noticed higher under fertility enrichme...

Amoxicillin trihydrate has a short biological half life. Floating drug delivery systems of this drug were prepared with the objective of increasing overall gastric retention time in order to prolong the release. The floating tablets were prepared by using Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) polymers at different drug to polymer ratio with gas generating agents like sodium bicarbonate and citric acid. The granules were prepared by wet granulation technique using polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) K30dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and were compressed into tablets. Initially the granules were evaluated for characteristics like bulk density, true density, angle of repose, true density and Carr's index. The prepared tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, uniformity of weight, in vitro buoyancy and in vitro drug release. The studies revealed that the optimized formulation F11 containing the drug and HPMC K4M polymer in the ratio 1:1, lactose, sodium bicarbonate and citric acid s...

Possessing gold jewellery is firmly embedded in Indian customs and traditions although little academic attention has been paid to identify the impact of celebrity advertisement in gold jewellery buying behaviour. Celebrities are the personalities that are well known in public either because of their credibility or of their attractiveness or because of both of these. To leverage this, advertisers use celebrities in their advertisement to increase the effectiveness and heighten the believability & reach of commercials to the targeted consumers. Prior to this research, many researches have proven facts that celebrity endorsement does cast its impact. This research actually moves on the same line and affirms the impact of celebrity endorsement on customers’ buying intention. The study made use of primary and secondary data. A well structured questionnaire is prepared to collect the data from the respondents. A sample of 200 customers from Ernakulam city of Kerala is collected by using s...

15 © 2003, Global Institute of Flexible Systems Management Using Discrete-Event Simulation to Create Flexibility in APAC Supply Chain Management Andrew A. Tiger, Ph. D. Assistant Professor Department of Management and Marketing 1405 N. 4th Ave. PMB 4152 Durant, OK ...

In the UK, mephedrone and other so-called ‘legal high’ derivatives have recently been classified as Class B, Schedule I under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. Since then, alternative products have been advertised on a number of websites. In order to obtain an immediate snapshot of the situation, 24 products were purchased online from 18 UK-based websites over a period of 6 weeks following the ban in April 2010. Qualitative analyses were carried out by gas chromatography ion trap mass spectrometry using electron- and chemical ionization modes, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and comparison with reference standards. Overall, the purchased products consisted of single cathinones or cathinone mixtures including mephedrone, butylone, 4-methyl-N-ethylcathinone, flephedrone (4-fluoromethcathinone) and MDPV (3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone), respectively. Benzocaine, caffeine, lidocaine, and procaine were also detected. The emphasis was placed on ‘Energy 1’ (NRG-1), a product advertised as a legal replacement for mephedrone-type derivatives usually claiming to contain naphyrone (naphthylpyrovalerone, O-2482). It was found that 70% of NRG-1 and NRG-2 products appeared to contain a mixture of cathinones banned in April 2010 and rebranded as ‘new’ legal highs, rather than legal chemicals such as naphyrone as claimed by the retailers. Only one out of 13 NRG-1 samples appeared to show analytical data consistent with naphyrone. These findings also suggest that both consumers and online sellers (unlike manufacturers and wholesalers) are, most likely unknowingly, confronted with the risk of criminalization and potential harm. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The paper describes the use of the Polilight, a light source based on a xenon arc lamp, to exploit the fluorescence properties of semen as an aid to searching fabrics for stains in sexual assault cases. The broad excitation spectrum of semen allows the fluorescence to be generated at a range of wavelengths. This permits the excitation and emission conditions to be selected that minimize interference from background fluorescence of the fabric and thereby optimizes the contrast between the fabric and the stain. A common method for the observation of fluorescence is the use of colored plastic goggles or filters. The paper shows that the detection of fluorescence from semen stains is significantly enhanced using appropriate interference filters.

This study was conducted to assess three stakeholders’ level of involvement in coral reef conservation activities in Perhentian Island. The stakeholders participated in this study encompassed of the Besut District Department of Marine Parks (Terengganu), local entrepreneurs and tourists. A total of 200 respondents were selected to answer the survey questionnaire. The chi-square test results found a difference in the level of involvement among stakeholders with the Besut District Department of Marine Parks (Terengganu) and local entrepreneurs has the highest level of involvement, while there was low involvement with the tourists. The majority (40%) of the Besut District Department of Marine Parks (Terengganu) staff were involved in the coral reef conservation at the rate of one to three times a year. Similarly, for the entrepreneurs, the majority (44%) of them also involved in the coral reef conservation at a rate one to three times a year while the majority of tourists (72%) never i...

All current standardized methods of age determination using the os pubis were tested by blind assessment of a skeletal sample with documented ages (from the Todd collection; N = 96). No demographic data (sex, age, race, age composition) were known to the assessors prior to completion of the test. Results showed the Todd method to be more reliable than more recent component techniques and that all systems tended to underage. Therefore, modifications were made of the Todd system to eliminate this and other deficiencies, and a second test using a new sample was conducted (N = 109). The age distribution determined by the revised Todd method did not significantly differ from the actual age distribution of the second sample. Error due to race was nonsignificant. Biological stages of pubic metamorphosis are described and possible evolutionary specializations of the hominid symphysis are discussed. Revised standards for age determination are presented.

In ancient Greek Nano means dwarf. Nano technology is the creation of useful material, devices and systems through the manipulation of minuscule matter (including anything with at least one dimension less than 100 nanometers). The emerging field of nano technology involves scientists from many different disciplines, including physicists, chemists, engineers and biologists. On December 29, 1959” the influential American physicist Richard P. Feynman presented a talk to the American Physical Society entitled “There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom: An Invitation to Enter a New Field of Physics. “Among physicists, this is respectfully called “The classic talk” Nanotechnology is the creation of useful materials, devices, and synthesis used to manipulate matter at an incredibly small scale between 1 and 100 nm. Nanotechnology is a broad term covering the building of structures and “machines” on an atomic or molecular scale-in the range from 1 to 100 nanometres. A nanometre is one billio...

The dramatic increase in the sensitivity of DNA profiling systems that has occurred over recent years has led to the need to address a wider range of interpretational problems in forensic science. The issues surrounding questions of the kind "whose DNA is this?" have been the subject of considerable controversy but now it is clear that the emphasis is shifting to questions of the kind "how did this DNA get here?" Such issues are discussed in this paper and new insights are provided by two particular recent developments. First, the notion of the "hierarchy of propositions" that has arisen from a project called Case Assessment and Interpretation (CAI) that has been running in the British Forensic Science Service (FSS). Second, a technique for drawing inferences in the face of many interacting considerations, known as "Bayesian networks"--or "Bayes' nets" for short--that has been the subject of an earlier paper in this journal (1). ...