In recent years, as fossil fuels like hydrocarbon, coal, and natural gas have been used to supply... more In recent years, as fossil fuels like hydrocarbon, coal, and natural gas have been used to supply the world's energy needs, the quest for renewable energy sources has attracted increased interest. As petroleum-based fuels, coal, and natural gas, have been utilized to supply mankind's energy demands, are connected with detrimental environmental repercussions such as global warming, hence the quest for renewable energy supplies has continued to garner widespread attention in recent years. Biolubricant from biomass offers reduced exhaust emissions, enhanced nontoxic nature, decreased toxicity, and a better carotene rating, which can increase effectiveness and cut emissions. Standard procedures were utilized to determine the physical and chemical parameters of the oil, including its Density, Viscosity, flash/fire point, carbon residue, volatility, and Specific Gravity, which were evaluated by chemical experimental analysis. Biolubricant was produced from local biomass and its physiochemical parameters investigated and compared with srandard lubricants.The following locally obtained biomass,(Palm Kernel oil and Jatropha Curcas Oil) biolubricants properties were investigated: They are specific density(mg/ml) 0.886,0.8730, Kinematic Viscosity @ 40 0 C, (cSt,)111.6,64.7 Kinematic Viscosity @ 100 0 C, (cSt,)8.10,14.26 , Pour Point,(0 C)22,-8, Fire point(0 C) 251, 179 and flash Point(o C) 242,175 respectively. To be suitable for widespread industrial usage, a biolubricant must meet t Specifications and possess exceptional lubricating characteristics. Overall flash/fire points of Heavy duty oil (SAE 40) & Light duty oil (SAE 30) are 260/300(0 C) & 243/290(0 C), compared to palm kernel oil & Jatropha oil of 242/251(0 C)&175/179(0 C) respectively. The pour points of the oils are 22 0 C for palm kernel oil,-8 0 C for Jatropha oil ,9°C for SAE 40, and 21°C for SAE 30. The biolubricant produced from biomass conforms to Heavy duty oil (SAE 40) and Light duty oil (SAE 30) specifications, as well as ISO viscosity grades 32 and 46 for gear oil and other low-temperature Usage
Fluid flow systems are common in the energy value chain and are typically complex. To assure the ... more Fluid flow systems are common in the energy value chain and are typically complex. To assure the system's performance, understanding and control are essential. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a one-of-a-kind tool that predicts fluid flow events using numerical methods. It allows you to study fluid flow patterns and access non-measurable variables. Because of the rapid advancement of computer science, CFD can currently be used to handle the bulk of industrial operations that require fluid flows. The application's scope is extensive, and the problems it can solve are diverse, spanning from process design validation and optimization to operating condition management and troubleshooting. A few experiments done by Imo State University Petroleum and Gas Lab on upstream natural gas treatment systems to downstream industrial end-use for combined heat and power plants and petrochemical furnaces will demonstrate the application of CFD in troubleshooting.
Furnaces are important pieces of equipment in the petroleum refining sector because they supply t... more Furnaces are important pieces of equipment in the petroleum refining sector because they supply the necessary heat for many operations. These furnaces are designed to run on natural gas, but in most cases, they run on a mixture of waste gases known as refinery gases (RG), whose molar composition varies depending on the process in which they are produced, but in most cases contains high levels of propane, hydrogen, and propylene, among other things. Most of the time, this is done to save energy and reduce storage costs. This shift in molar composition, however, results in a change in calorific power of up to 1,200 Btu/ft3, causing changes in the combustion process, lowering efficiency and raising pollutant emissions. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique is utilized in this study to simulate the combustion process in a representative portion of a typical refinery furnace utilizing RG as the fuel and three different molar compositions. The influence of molar composition fluctuation on the temperature and chemical species profiles inside the furnace is investigated using comparative CFD 3 D simulation instances. The results reveal that adding more gases to the furnace, such as propane, propylene, or hydrogen, increases the calorific power and peak temperature, but the temperature profile distribution is less uniform. When employing combination gases with low CH 4 content, the chemical species profiles inside the furnace show an increase in CO, indicating that a more extensive analysis of air excess and flow is required. The findings are significant because they can be used as a tool for determining whether it is more convenient to use refinery waste gases as a fuel in furnaces or not, as well as a starting point for a more detailed investigation into furnace operation and process safety.
In the current scenario of dwindling petroleum resources and global warming, exploring alternate ... more In the current scenario of dwindling petroleum resources and global warming, exploring alternate routes for environmentally benign fuels has become crucial. Biogas has emerged as a promising alternative fuel since it is both clean and environmentally benign. 60-70 percent methane (CH4), 30-40 percent carbon dioxide (CO2), traces of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and water vapour components make up raw biogas. However, accompanying challenges such as low energy density due to impurities, generation at low pressures, and a lack of storage and transportation facilities obstruct its broad use. The purpose of this project is to develop and construct a biogas purification, compression, bottling, and transportation facility on campus. This is done by compressing the gas in cylinders, which was previously only conceivable after the CO2, H2S, and water vapour components had been removed. Various tests were conducted in order to increase the gas's energy density by removing incombustible and corrosive gas. To remove the pollutants, steel wool, water, and silica gel were used. Steel wool is meant to react with hydrogen sulphide, water is supposed to reduce carbon dioxide levels, and silica gel is supposed to reduce water vapour levels in purified biogas. Experiments revealed that the methane concentration in raw and purified biogas was 68 ± 2.52 percent and 90 ± 1.53 percent, respectively. Purified biogas was compressed using a hermetic reciprocating type refrigerant compressor and packaged into a standard LPG cylinder. In total, 12-14 minutes were spent compressing biogas to an absolute pressure of 5 bars. To assess the impact of biogas purification on heating value, purified and raw biogas were used to heat 500 ml of water in 4.54 0.03 and 5.62 0.02 minutes, respectively.
In recent years, as fossil fuels like hydrocarbon, coal, and natural gas have been used to supply... more In recent years, as fossil fuels like hydrocarbon, coal, and natural gas have been used to supply the world's energy needs, the quest for renewable energy sources has attracted increased interest. As petroleum-based fuels, coal, and natural gas, have been utilized to supply mankind's energy demands, are connected with detrimental environmental repercussions such as global warming, hence the quest for renewable energy supplies has continued to garner widespread attention in recent years. Biolubricant from biomass offers reduced exhaust emissions, enhanced nontoxic nature, decreased toxicity, and a better carotene rating, which can increase effectiveness and cut emissions. Standard procedures were utilized to determine the physical and chemical parameters of the oil, including its Density, Viscosity, flash/fire point, carbon residue, volatility, and Specific Gravity, which were evaluated by chemical experimental analysis. Biolubricant was produced from local biomass and its physiochemical parameters investigated and compared with srandard lubricants.The following locally obtained biomass,(Palm Kernel oil and Jatropha Curcas Oil) biolubricants properties were investigated: They are specific density(mg/ml) 0.886,0.8730, Kinematic Viscosity @ 40 0 C, (cSt,)111.6,64.7 Kinematic Viscosity @ 100 0 C, (cSt,)8.10,14.26 , Pour Point,(0 C)22,-8, Fire point(0 C) 251, 179 and flash Point(o C) 242,175 respectively. To be suitable for widespread industrial usage, a biolubricant must meet t Specifications and possess exceptional lubricating characteristics. Overall flash/fire points of Heavy duty oil (SAE 40) & Light duty oil (SAE 30) are 260/300(0 C) & 243/290(0 C), compared to palm kernel oil & Jatropha oil of 242/251(0 C)&175/179(0 C) respectively. The pour points of the oils are 22 0 C for palm kernel oil,-8 0 C for Jatropha oil ,9°C for SAE 40, and 21°C for SAE 30. The biolubricant produced from biomass conforms to Heavy duty oil (SAE 40) and Light duty oil (SAE 30) specifications, as well as ISO viscosity grades 32 and 46 for gear oil and other low-temperature Usage
Fluid flow systems are common in the energy value chain and are typically complex. To assure the ... more Fluid flow systems are common in the energy value chain and are typically complex. To assure the system's performance, understanding and control are essential. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a one-of-a-kind tool that predicts fluid flow events using numerical methods. It allows you to study fluid flow patterns and access non-measurable variables. Because of the rapid advancement of computer science, CFD can currently be used to handle the bulk of industrial operations that require fluid flows. The application's scope is extensive, and the problems it can solve are diverse, spanning from process design validation and optimization to operating condition management and troubleshooting. A few experiments done by Imo State University Petroleum and Gas Lab on upstream natural gas treatment systems to downstream industrial end-use for combined heat and power plants and petrochemical furnaces will demonstrate the application of CFD in troubleshooting.
Furnaces are important pieces of equipment in the petroleum refining sector because they supply t... more Furnaces are important pieces of equipment in the petroleum refining sector because they supply the necessary heat for many operations. These furnaces are designed to run on natural gas, but in most cases, they run on a mixture of waste gases known as refinery gases (RG), whose molar composition varies depending on the process in which they are produced, but in most cases contains high levels of propane, hydrogen, and propylene, among other things. Most of the time, this is done to save energy and reduce storage costs. This shift in molar composition, however, results in a change in calorific power of up to 1,200 Btu/ft3, causing changes in the combustion process, lowering efficiency and raising pollutant emissions. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique is utilized in this study to simulate the combustion process in a representative portion of a typical refinery furnace utilizing RG as the fuel and three different molar compositions. The influence of molar composition fluctuation on the temperature and chemical species profiles inside the furnace is investigated using comparative CFD 3 D simulation instances. The results reveal that adding more gases to the furnace, such as propane, propylene, or hydrogen, increases the calorific power and peak temperature, but the temperature profile distribution is less uniform. When employing combination gases with low CH 4 content, the chemical species profiles inside the furnace show an increase in CO, indicating that a more extensive analysis of air excess and flow is required. The findings are significant because they can be used as a tool for determining whether it is more convenient to use refinery waste gases as a fuel in furnaces or not, as well as a starting point for a more detailed investigation into furnace operation and process safety.
In the current scenario of dwindling petroleum resources and global warming, exploring alternate ... more In the current scenario of dwindling petroleum resources and global warming, exploring alternate routes for environmentally benign fuels has become crucial. Biogas has emerged as a promising alternative fuel since it is both clean and environmentally benign. 60-70 percent methane (CH4), 30-40 percent carbon dioxide (CO2), traces of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and water vapour components make up raw biogas. However, accompanying challenges such as low energy density due to impurities, generation at low pressures, and a lack of storage and transportation facilities obstruct its broad use. The purpose of this project is to develop and construct a biogas purification, compression, bottling, and transportation facility on campus. This is done by compressing the gas in cylinders, which was previously only conceivable after the CO2, H2S, and water vapour components had been removed. Various tests were conducted in order to increase the gas's energy density by removing incombustible and corrosive gas. To remove the pollutants, steel wool, water, and silica gel were used. Steel wool is meant to react with hydrogen sulphide, water is supposed to reduce carbon dioxide levels, and silica gel is supposed to reduce water vapour levels in purified biogas. Experiments revealed that the methane concentration in raw and purified biogas was 68 ± 2.52 percent and 90 ± 1.53 percent, respectively. Purified biogas was compressed using a hermetic reciprocating type refrigerant compressor and packaged into a standard LPG cylinder. In total, 12-14 minutes were spent compressing biogas to an absolute pressure of 5 bars. To assess the impact of biogas purification on heating value, purified and raw biogas were used to heat 500 ml of water in 4.54 0.03 and 5.62 0.02 minutes, respectively.
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