Urban areas of less developed countries (LDCs) are becoming the source of almost all world popula... more Urban areas of less developed countries (LDCs) are becoming the source of almost all world population growth. Whereas 58 per cent of population growth occurred in urban areas of LDCs during 1975 and 2000, this figure is expected to reach 90 per cent between 2000 and ...
This paper examines timing of puberty and mechanisms through which society prepares adolescents t... more This paper examines timing of puberty and mechanisms through which society prepares adolescents to understand and deal with it in Malawi. Data from a national representative survey of adolescents and in- depth interviews also conducted with adolescents are used. SPSS was used to analyse survey data while N6 was used to analyse qualitative data. Results show that the onset of
Adolescents are a key target group for HIV and pregnancy prevention efforts, yet very little is k... more Adolescents are a key target group for HIV and pregnancy prevention efforts, yet very little is known about the youngest adolescents: those under age 15. New survey data from 12-14 year olds in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi and Uganda are used to describe their sexual activity, knowledge about HIV, STIs and pregnancy prevention, and sources of sexual and reproductive health
Our case studies of the evolution of population policies in Kenya and Malawi offer insights into ... more Our case studies of the evolution of population policies in Kenya and Malawi offer insights into the interaction between the global population movement and national governments. The comparison is useful because it permits identifying the common strategies of a global movement, strategies that are likely to be evident elsewhere; it also permits identifying differences in national responses related to particular
This paper explores how young people in Malawi conceptualize sex and sexual relations through an ... more This paper explores how young people in Malawi conceptualize sex and sexual relations through an analysis of their personal narratives about these phenomena. Eleven focus group discussions were conducted with 114 youth aged 14-19 years. Participants were asked to describe behaviors, attitudes, and motivations to reduce unplanned pregnancies and the spread of HIV/AIDS, with appropriate probes to illuminate their sexual
Acknowledgments Adolescent Sexual and ,Reproductive Health in Malawi: A Synthesis of Research Evi... more Acknowledgments Adolescent Sexual and ,Reproductive Health in Malawi: A Synthesis of Research Evidence was written by Alister C. Munthali (Centre for Social Research, University of Malawi, Malawi), Agnes Chimbiri (Centre for Reproductive Health, College of Medicine, Malawi) and Eliya Zulu (African Population and Health Research Centre, Kenya). This synthesis report is a result of the support that wereceived,from ,many ,people.
While early sexual experiences are a key marker of the transition from childhood to adulthood, it... more While early sexual experiences are a key marker of the transition from childhood to adulthood, it is widely acknowledged that precocious initiation of sexual activity predisposes adolescents to negative health and psychological outcomes. Extant studies investigating adolescent sexuality in sub-Saharan Africa often rely on cross-sectional data lacking information on the social-psychological underpinnings of adolescent behavior. Through the theoretical lens of the protection-risk conceptual framework, this paper draws on two waves of longitudinal data collected from 2,134 adolescents to examine sociodemographic, psychosocial and behavioral predictors of transition to first sex among adolescents living in slum and non-slum settlements in urban Kenya. We employ logistic regression models to examine the effect of antecedent sociodemographic and risk and protective factors measured during the first wave of data collection on transition to first sex by the second wave. We observe that tran...
Many adolescents living in contexts characterized by adversity achieve positive outcomes. We adop... more Many adolescents living in contexts characterized by adversity achieve positive outcomes. We adopt a protection-risk conceptual framework to examine resilience (academic achievement, civic participation, and avoidance of risk behaviors) among 1,722 never-married 12-19 year olds living in two Kenyan urban slums. We find stronger associations between explanatory factors and resilience among older (15-19 years) than younger (12-14 years) adolescents. Models for pro-social behavior and models for anti-social behavior emerge as key predictors of resilience. Further accumulation of evidence on risk and protective factors is needed to inform interventions to promote positive outcomes among youth situated in an ecology of adversity.
This paper measures migration flows and determinants in two slum settlements in Nairobi City betw... more This paper measures migration flows and determinants in two slum settlements in Nairobi City between 2003 and 2007. The results confirm the high intensity of migration with a quarter of the total slum population and a third of those aged 15-30 being renewed annually. A circular migration system is at play whereby the majority of slum dwellers are short-term migrants
Urban areas of less developed countries (LDCs) are becoming the source of almost all world popula... more Urban areas of less developed countries (LDCs) are becoming the source of almost all world population growth. Whereas 58 per cent of population growth occurred in urban areas of LDCs during 1975 and 2000, this figure is expected to reach 90 per cent between 2000 and ...
This paper examines timing of puberty and mechanisms through which society prepares adolescents t... more This paper examines timing of puberty and mechanisms through which society prepares adolescents to understand and deal with it in Malawi. Data from a national representative survey of adolescents and in- depth interviews also conducted with adolescents are used. SPSS was used to analyse survey data while N6 was used to analyse qualitative data. Results show that the onset of
Adolescents are a key target group for HIV and pregnancy prevention efforts, yet very little is k... more Adolescents are a key target group for HIV and pregnancy prevention efforts, yet very little is known about the youngest adolescents: those under age 15. New survey data from 12-14 year olds in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi and Uganda are used to describe their sexual activity, knowledge about HIV, STIs and pregnancy prevention, and sources of sexual and reproductive health
Our case studies of the evolution of population policies in Kenya and Malawi offer insights into ... more Our case studies of the evolution of population policies in Kenya and Malawi offer insights into the interaction between the global population movement and national governments. The comparison is useful because it permits identifying the common strategies of a global movement, strategies that are likely to be evident elsewhere; it also permits identifying differences in national responses related to particular
This paper explores how young people in Malawi conceptualize sex and sexual relations through an ... more This paper explores how young people in Malawi conceptualize sex and sexual relations through an analysis of their personal narratives about these phenomena. Eleven focus group discussions were conducted with 114 youth aged 14-19 years. Participants were asked to describe behaviors, attitudes, and motivations to reduce unplanned pregnancies and the spread of HIV/AIDS, with appropriate probes to illuminate their sexual
Acknowledgments Adolescent Sexual and ,Reproductive Health in Malawi: A Synthesis of Research Evi... more Acknowledgments Adolescent Sexual and ,Reproductive Health in Malawi: A Synthesis of Research Evidence was written by Alister C. Munthali (Centre for Social Research, University of Malawi, Malawi), Agnes Chimbiri (Centre for Reproductive Health, College of Medicine, Malawi) and Eliya Zulu (African Population and Health Research Centre, Kenya). This synthesis report is a result of the support that wereceived,from ,many ,people.
While early sexual experiences are a key marker of the transition from childhood to adulthood, it... more While early sexual experiences are a key marker of the transition from childhood to adulthood, it is widely acknowledged that precocious initiation of sexual activity predisposes adolescents to negative health and psychological outcomes. Extant studies investigating adolescent sexuality in sub-Saharan Africa often rely on cross-sectional data lacking information on the social-psychological underpinnings of adolescent behavior. Through the theoretical lens of the protection-risk conceptual framework, this paper draws on two waves of longitudinal data collected from 2,134 adolescents to examine sociodemographic, psychosocial and behavioral predictors of transition to first sex among adolescents living in slum and non-slum settlements in urban Kenya. We employ logistic regression models to examine the effect of antecedent sociodemographic and risk and protective factors measured during the first wave of data collection on transition to first sex by the second wave. We observe that tran...
Many adolescents living in contexts characterized by adversity achieve positive outcomes. We adop... more Many adolescents living in contexts characterized by adversity achieve positive outcomes. We adopt a protection-risk conceptual framework to examine resilience (academic achievement, civic participation, and avoidance of risk behaviors) among 1,722 never-married 12-19 year olds living in two Kenyan urban slums. We find stronger associations between explanatory factors and resilience among older (15-19 years) than younger (12-14 years) adolescents. Models for pro-social behavior and models for anti-social behavior emerge as key predictors of resilience. Further accumulation of evidence on risk and protective factors is needed to inform interventions to promote positive outcomes among youth situated in an ecology of adversity.
This paper measures migration flows and determinants in two slum settlements in Nairobi City betw... more This paper measures migration flows and determinants in two slum settlements in Nairobi City between 2003 and 2007. The results confirm the high intensity of migration with a quarter of the total slum population and a third of those aged 15-30 being renewed annually. A circular migration system is at play whereby the majority of slum dwellers are short-term migrants
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Papers by Eliya Zulu