Body-shape variability may respond to the interaction between history and environment, particular... more Body-shape variability may respond to the interaction between history and environment, particularly in species whose range includes known biogeographical barriers. Central America has traditionally been regarded to have functioned as a complete land-bridge connecting two continents since the Plio-Pleistocene and as an incomplete one since much earlier. This history has helped shape species diversification and distributions. Vieja maculicauda is a widely distributed cichlid, found throughout most of the Atlantic slope of Central America, across three of the four geological blocks that make up this region and whose borders are known dispersal barriers. We asked whether there is an effect of geologic blocks on body shape of V. maculicauda as determined by geometric morphometric assessment of 151 individuals from across its range. We asked how much variance in body shape is explained by environmental variables. We used a CVA and a MANCOVA to determine whether a relationship between body...
Until recently, the genus Profundulus was classified in two subgenera, Profundulus and Tlaloc, th... more Until recently, the genus Profundulus was classified in two subgenera, Profundulus and Tlaloc, the sole members of the family Profundulidae. Newly discovered molecular data have been used to justify the elevation of these subgenera to genera. Yet morphological analyses to diagnose the two genera are lacking. The aim of this study is to provide a generic diagnosis and a taxonomic key to the species within the family Profundulidae based on morphology. The genus Tlaloc is diagnosed on the basis of five unique characters, among which are the prominent and oval-shaped mesethmoid, exceeding the posterior margins of the vomer; the anterior portion of the parasphenoid making contact with the mesethmoid and extend beyond the center of the mesethmoid; and a reduced autopterotic fossa. Profundulus is diagnosed here based on the following characters: the mesethmoid is small, crescent-shaped, and does not extend beyond the margins of the vomer; the anterior portion of the parasphenoid just conta...
El presente trabajo pretende documentar la riqueza de peces y crustáceos decápodos en escurrimien... more El presente trabajo pretende documentar la riqueza de peces y crustáceos decápodos en escurrimientos superficiales y subterráneos de la Reserva de la Biosfera Selva El Ocote (REBISO) y la presa Nezahualcóyotl (Malpaso), Chiapas, México. Durante el periodo enero 2008-agosto 2009, se realizarán 8 campañas de muestreo bimensuales en 20 sitios de colecta, cubriendo diferentes hábitats dentro de las áreas de estudio. Para la colecta de los organismos se emplearán distintas artes de pesca (atarrayas, anzuelos, redes agalleras, chinchorros, electropesca, nasas) para la obtención de la riqueza taxonómica. Se evaluará la estructura del ensamblaje íctico de escurrimientos superficiales de la REBISO, en términos de riqueza, composición, diversidad, abundancia y frecuencia, para ello su utilizará como arte de captura la red tipo chinchorro empleando un esfuerzo constante de 30 minutos. Al mismo tiempo se tomarán los datos de los principales parámetros abióticos y de calidad de agua, estas varia...
FIGURE11. Bayesianphylogeny (based on partialsequences of cyt b) showing relationships of the two... more FIGURE11. Bayesianphylogeny (based on partialsequences of cyt b) showing relationships of the two morphs of V.hartwegi with other closely related species.Highlighted specimens specify rheophilic morph.* Indicates posterior probabilities ± 95.
FIGURE 10. Map showing distribution of the two morphs of V. hartwegi in the Grijalva River basin,... more FIGURE 10. Map showing distribution of the two morphs of V. hartwegi in the Grijalva River basin, Mexico and Guatemala. The white square represents the type locality, black circles are localities of the typical morph and white circles are localities of the rheophilic morph.
FIGURE 9. Comparison to species closely related to V. hartwegi: A) V. bifasciata, 140 mm SL, ECOS... more FIGURE 9. Comparison to species closely related to V. hartwegi: A) V. bifasciata, 140 mm SL, ECOSC 4677, Tzendales River, Ocosingo, Chiapas.B) V.breidohri, 105 mm SL, MZUNICACH 7065, Lagos de Colón, La Trinitaria, Chiapas.
FIGURE 8. Cleared and stained specimens of the two morphs of V. hartwegi. A) Typical morph, 89.3 ... more FIGURE 8. Cleared and stained specimens of the two morphs of V. hartwegi. A) Typical morph, 89.3 mm SL, MZUNICACH 6761, La Angostura Reservoir, La Concordia, Chiapas. B) Rheophilic morph, 53.2 mm SL, MZUNICACH 7159, Tachinua River, Chicomuselo, Chiapas.
FIGURE 7. Lower pharyngeal tooth plate and urohyal bone of the two morphs of V. hartwegi. A) Typi... more FIGURE 7. Lower pharyngeal tooth plate and urohyal bone of the two morphs of V. hartwegi. A) Typical morph, MZUNICACH 6761.B)Rheophilic morph, MZUNICACH 7157(photos by K.Ramírez-Moreno [pharyngeal tooth plates] and G. Morales-Flores [urohyal bones]).
FIGURE 4. Live specimens of the rheophilic morph of Vieja hartwegi. A) Adult female in normal col... more FIGURE 4. Live specimens of the rheophilic morph of Vieja hartwegi. A) Adult female in normal coloration, 97 mm SL, MZUNICACH 7161, Lagos de Colón, La Trinitaria, Chiapas (photo by M. A. Peralta-Meixueiro). B) Adult female in stress coloration, 65 mm SL, uncataloged specimen, Lagos de Colón, La Trinitaria, Chiapas. C) Adult female in stress coloration, 91 mm SL, MZUNICACH 7159, Tachinua River, Chicomuselo, Chiapas. D) Adult male in stress coloration, 80 mm SL, MZUNICACH 7157, Yayahuita River, Chicomuselo, Chiapas.
FIGURE 3. Live specimens of the typical morph of Vieja hartwegi, showing ontogenic variation in c... more FIGURE 3. Live specimens of the typical morph of Vieja hartwegi, showing ontogenic variation in coloration pattern. A) Juvenile, 75 mm SL, MZUNICACH 6761, La Angostura Reservoir, La Concordia, Chiapas. B) Adult, 144 mm SL, aquarium specimen, Cacahuanó River, Ocozocoautla, Chiapas. C) Large adult, 250 mm SL, uncataloged specimen from a fishery, Grijalva River (main channel at Tres Picos), Copainalá, Chiapas (photo by J. M. López-Vila).
FIGURE 12. Principal component analysis (PCA) for morphometric data between the two morphs of V. ... more FIGURE 12. Principal component analysis (PCA) for morphometric data between the two morphs of V. hartwegi (typical in red and rheophilic in purple) and related species, V. bifasciata (green) and V. breidohri (turquoise). Ellipses represents 95% confidence intervals.
FIGURE5. Fixed specimensof the typical Viejahartwegi morph,showing the variation inbody shapeand ... more FIGURE5. Fixed specimensof the typical Viejahartwegi morph,showing the variation inbody shapeand the ontogenetic and individual variation in coloration patterns. A) Holotype (adult in breeding coloration), UMMZ 207701. B) Chiquito River, Chiapa de Corzo (juv.), MZUNICACH 7053. C) El Zapote River, Chiapa de Corzo (juv.), MZUNICACH 7210. D) La Angostura Reservoir, La Concordia (juv.), MZUNICACH 7154. E) Totopac River, Tecpatán (subadult), MZUNICACH 1053. F) Lagos de Colón, La Trinitaria (subadult), MZUNICACH 7065.G) CopanóRiver, Ostuacán (adult), MZUNICACH 7208.H- I) Grijalva River (main cannel), Copainalá (adults), MZUNICACH 3145. J) Santo Domingo River, Chiapa de Corzo (adult), MZUNICACH 6245.
FIGURE2. Meristic characters insquamation taken on examinedspecimens:lateral series scales (LS), ... more FIGURE2. Meristic characters insquamation taken on examinedspecimens:lateral series scales (LS), upperlateral line scales (ULL), lower lateral line scales (LLL), subsidiary pored scales on caudal fin (SP), lateral scale row overlap (Ov), scale cheek rows (Ch), pectoral-pelvic scale rows (Pc-Pv),scale rows from upperlateral line to base of first dorsal-fin ray (DR-ULL), scale rows from upper lateral line to base of first dorsal-fin spine (DS-ULL), scale rows from origin of anal fin to lower lateral line (AS-LLL), circumpeduncular scales (Cp).
Body-shape variability may respond to the interaction between history and environment, particular... more Body-shape variability may respond to the interaction between history and environment, particularly in species whose range includes known biogeographical barriers. Central America has traditionally been regarded to have functioned as a complete land-bridge connecting two continents since the Plio-Pleistocene and as an incomplete one since much earlier. This history has helped shape species diversification and distributions. Vieja maculicauda is a widely distributed cichlid, found throughout most of the Atlantic slope of Central America, across three of the four geological blocks that make up this region and whose borders are known dispersal barriers. We asked whether there is an effect of geologic blocks on body shape of V. maculicauda as determined by geometric morphometric assessment of 151 individuals from across its range. We asked how much variance in body shape is explained by environmental variables. We used a CVA and a MANCOVA to determine whether a relationship between body...
Until recently, the genus Profundulus was classified in two subgenera, Profundulus and Tlaloc, th... more Until recently, the genus Profundulus was classified in two subgenera, Profundulus and Tlaloc, the sole members of the family Profundulidae. Newly discovered molecular data have been used to justify the elevation of these subgenera to genera. Yet morphological analyses to diagnose the two genera are lacking. The aim of this study is to provide a generic diagnosis and a taxonomic key to the species within the family Profundulidae based on morphology. The genus Tlaloc is diagnosed on the basis of five unique characters, among which are the prominent and oval-shaped mesethmoid, exceeding the posterior margins of the vomer; the anterior portion of the parasphenoid making contact with the mesethmoid and extend beyond the center of the mesethmoid; and a reduced autopterotic fossa. Profundulus is diagnosed here based on the following characters: the mesethmoid is small, crescent-shaped, and does not extend beyond the margins of the vomer; the anterior portion of the parasphenoid just conta...
El presente trabajo pretende documentar la riqueza de peces y crustáceos decápodos en escurrimien... more El presente trabajo pretende documentar la riqueza de peces y crustáceos decápodos en escurrimientos superficiales y subterráneos de la Reserva de la Biosfera Selva El Ocote (REBISO) y la presa Nezahualcóyotl (Malpaso), Chiapas, México. Durante el periodo enero 2008-agosto 2009, se realizarán 8 campañas de muestreo bimensuales en 20 sitios de colecta, cubriendo diferentes hábitats dentro de las áreas de estudio. Para la colecta de los organismos se emplearán distintas artes de pesca (atarrayas, anzuelos, redes agalleras, chinchorros, electropesca, nasas) para la obtención de la riqueza taxonómica. Se evaluará la estructura del ensamblaje íctico de escurrimientos superficiales de la REBISO, en términos de riqueza, composición, diversidad, abundancia y frecuencia, para ello su utilizará como arte de captura la red tipo chinchorro empleando un esfuerzo constante de 30 minutos. Al mismo tiempo se tomarán los datos de los principales parámetros abióticos y de calidad de agua, estas varia...
FIGURE11. Bayesianphylogeny (based on partialsequences of cyt b) showing relationships of the two... more FIGURE11. Bayesianphylogeny (based on partialsequences of cyt b) showing relationships of the two morphs of V.hartwegi with other closely related species.Highlighted specimens specify rheophilic morph.* Indicates posterior probabilities ± 95.
FIGURE 10. Map showing distribution of the two morphs of V. hartwegi in the Grijalva River basin,... more FIGURE 10. Map showing distribution of the two morphs of V. hartwegi in the Grijalva River basin, Mexico and Guatemala. The white square represents the type locality, black circles are localities of the typical morph and white circles are localities of the rheophilic morph.
FIGURE 9. Comparison to species closely related to V. hartwegi: A) V. bifasciata, 140 mm SL, ECOS... more FIGURE 9. Comparison to species closely related to V. hartwegi: A) V. bifasciata, 140 mm SL, ECOSC 4677, Tzendales River, Ocosingo, Chiapas.B) V.breidohri, 105 mm SL, MZUNICACH 7065, Lagos de Colón, La Trinitaria, Chiapas.
FIGURE 8. Cleared and stained specimens of the two morphs of V. hartwegi. A) Typical morph, 89.3 ... more FIGURE 8. Cleared and stained specimens of the two morphs of V. hartwegi. A) Typical morph, 89.3 mm SL, MZUNICACH 6761, La Angostura Reservoir, La Concordia, Chiapas. B) Rheophilic morph, 53.2 mm SL, MZUNICACH 7159, Tachinua River, Chicomuselo, Chiapas.
FIGURE 7. Lower pharyngeal tooth plate and urohyal bone of the two morphs of V. hartwegi. A) Typi... more FIGURE 7. Lower pharyngeal tooth plate and urohyal bone of the two morphs of V. hartwegi. A) Typical morph, MZUNICACH 6761.B)Rheophilic morph, MZUNICACH 7157(photos by K.Ramírez-Moreno [pharyngeal tooth plates] and G. Morales-Flores [urohyal bones]).
FIGURE 4. Live specimens of the rheophilic morph of Vieja hartwegi. A) Adult female in normal col... more FIGURE 4. Live specimens of the rheophilic morph of Vieja hartwegi. A) Adult female in normal coloration, 97 mm SL, MZUNICACH 7161, Lagos de Colón, La Trinitaria, Chiapas (photo by M. A. Peralta-Meixueiro). B) Adult female in stress coloration, 65 mm SL, uncataloged specimen, Lagos de Colón, La Trinitaria, Chiapas. C) Adult female in stress coloration, 91 mm SL, MZUNICACH 7159, Tachinua River, Chicomuselo, Chiapas. D) Adult male in stress coloration, 80 mm SL, MZUNICACH 7157, Yayahuita River, Chicomuselo, Chiapas.
FIGURE 3. Live specimens of the typical morph of Vieja hartwegi, showing ontogenic variation in c... more FIGURE 3. Live specimens of the typical morph of Vieja hartwegi, showing ontogenic variation in coloration pattern. A) Juvenile, 75 mm SL, MZUNICACH 6761, La Angostura Reservoir, La Concordia, Chiapas. B) Adult, 144 mm SL, aquarium specimen, Cacahuanó River, Ocozocoautla, Chiapas. C) Large adult, 250 mm SL, uncataloged specimen from a fishery, Grijalva River (main channel at Tres Picos), Copainalá, Chiapas (photo by J. M. López-Vila).
FIGURE 12. Principal component analysis (PCA) for morphometric data between the two morphs of V. ... more FIGURE 12. Principal component analysis (PCA) for morphometric data between the two morphs of V. hartwegi (typical in red and rheophilic in purple) and related species, V. bifasciata (green) and V. breidohri (turquoise). Ellipses represents 95% confidence intervals.
FIGURE5. Fixed specimensof the typical Viejahartwegi morph,showing the variation inbody shapeand ... more FIGURE5. Fixed specimensof the typical Viejahartwegi morph,showing the variation inbody shapeand the ontogenetic and individual variation in coloration patterns. A) Holotype (adult in breeding coloration), UMMZ 207701. B) Chiquito River, Chiapa de Corzo (juv.), MZUNICACH 7053. C) El Zapote River, Chiapa de Corzo (juv.), MZUNICACH 7210. D) La Angostura Reservoir, La Concordia (juv.), MZUNICACH 7154. E) Totopac River, Tecpatán (subadult), MZUNICACH 1053. F) Lagos de Colón, La Trinitaria (subadult), MZUNICACH 7065.G) CopanóRiver, Ostuacán (adult), MZUNICACH 7208.H- I) Grijalva River (main cannel), Copainalá (adults), MZUNICACH 3145. J) Santo Domingo River, Chiapa de Corzo (adult), MZUNICACH 6245.
FIGURE2. Meristic characters insquamation taken on examinedspecimens:lateral series scales (LS), ... more FIGURE2. Meristic characters insquamation taken on examinedspecimens:lateral series scales (LS), upperlateral line scales (ULL), lower lateral line scales (LLL), subsidiary pored scales on caudal fin (SP), lateral scale row overlap (Ov), scale cheek rows (Ch), pectoral-pelvic scale rows (Pc-Pv),scale rows from upperlateral line to base of first dorsal-fin ray (DR-ULL), scale rows from upper lateral line to base of first dorsal-fin spine (DS-ULL), scale rows from origin of anal fin to lower lateral line (AS-LLL), circumpeduncular scales (Cp).
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