cavity was 18.1% (95% confidence interval, 13.4%- 22.8%). Conclusions: Currently, few authors adv... more cavity was 18.1% (95% confidence interval, 13.4%- 22.8%). Conclusions: Currently, few authors advocate elective treatment of the neck in patients with high-risk SCC of the nasal cavity. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate that the RR of this entity may be higher than previously suspected. Because many stud- ies included other histopathologies or analyzed recur- rence data
Journal of Health Care for The Poor and Underserved, 2012
Breast cancer death rates in the U.S. have decreased in recent decades, however areas such as App... more Breast cancer death rates in the U.S. have decreased in recent decades, however areas such as Appalachia with fewer cancer care resources may not have experienced comparable mortality declines. This study examines trends in breast cancer mortality rate disparities in Appalachian states and the continental U.S. using data from SEER mortality files 1969-2007 and the Area Resource File. Overall breast
Background: The incidence of colon cancer in Pennsylvania is higher than the US. County-level ana... more Background: The incidence of colon cancer in Pennsylvania is higher than the US. County-level analysis and mapping of cancer clusters may help prioritize cancer control. Purpose: 1) Determine whether geographic clustering of colon cancer incidence occurs and whether cluster patterns differ by stage and site (left- versus right-sided); and 2) Identify county-level characteristics associated with incidence. Methods: Cases diagnosed between 1994-2002 were identified through the Pennsylvania Cancer Registry. Principal components analysis was used to create a county-level SES index based on the 2000 Census. County-level colon cancer screening and obesity prevalence were derived from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. SaTScan was used to determine geographic clustering by county. Poisson regression estimated incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) according to the county-distribution of age, sex, race, SES index, obesity, screening, and rural residence a...
The incidence of cervical cancer in Appalachia exceeds the national rate; rural Appalachian women... more The incidence of cervical cancer in Appalachia exceeds the national rate; rural Appalachian women are at especially high risk. We assessed the attitudes and practices related to human papillomavirus vaccination among providers in primary care practices in a contiguous 5-county area of Appalachian Pennsylvania. In December 2006 and May 2007, all family medicine, pediatric, and gynecology practices (n = 65) in the study area were surveyed by 2 faxed survey instruments. Of the 65 practices, 55 completed the first survey instrument. Of these 55, 44 offered the vaccine to their patients. Forty of the 44 practices offered it to girls and women aged 9 to 26 years, and 11 were willing to accept referrals from other practices for vaccination. The average reported charge for each of the 3 required injections was $150. Of the 55 practices that responded to the first survey instrument, 49 responded to the second survey instrument, 46 of which recommended the vaccine to their patients. The preva...
... Eugene J. Lengerich, Brenda C. Kluhsman, Marcyann M. Bencivenga, Samuel M. Lesko, Oralia Garc... more ... Eugene J. Lengerich, Brenda C. Kluhsman, Marcyann M. Bencivenga, Samuel M. Lesko, Oralia Garcia-Dominic, Betsy B. Aumiller, and Marcia Anderson ... Oralia Garcia-Dominic, is a postdoctoral fellow in the public health sciences in the Penn State College of Medicine. ...
Background: Colorectal (CRC) cancer is the third most commonly occurring cancer in the U.S. and t... more Background: Colorectal (CRC) cancer is the third most commonly occurring cancer in the U.S. and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. Early detection through periodic screening is recommended for average-risk adults 50-74 years of age because it has been shown to reduce CRC mortality. However, uptake of CRC screening by patients in rural and medically underserved Appalachia is not universal, even among patients in a primary care clinic. The objective of our study was to determine the feasibility of using academic detailing to increase CRC screening in rural primary care practices. Methods: We developed and implemented clinic-based academic detailing with feedback in four primary care practices, three of which used electronic medical records, in rural Pennsylvania. Academic detailing included education, small media, and practice aids. We measured the uptake of CRC screening before and after detailing by reviewing randomly selected medical charts. We used Key-informant inte...
This paper describes the design and implementation of three web-based geovisualization and geocol... more This paper describes the design and implementation of three web-based geovisualization and geocollaboration applications developed for the domain of public health. Each was implemented using Web 2.0 architecture. First, the Pennsylvania Cancer Atlas is a web-based geovisualization tool for the exploration of county- level cancer incidence rates using multiple interactive and live-linked statistical representations. Second, the Health GeoJunction is a web-based geovisualization and geocollaboration tool for geographic, temporal, and attribute filtering of articles from the PubMed medical research database. Finally, the Geo-Explication Web Portal is a web- based geocollaboration tool for the annotation and dissemination of geovisualization tools, training materials, and analysis artifacts collected from the application of geovisualization tools and techniques.
Background: HIV+ women are at high risk for HPV-associated cancers, but HPV infections at non-cer... more Background: HIV+ women are at high risk for HPV-associated cancers, but HPV infections at non-cervical anatomical sites have not been well studied in HIV+ women. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of oral, vaginal, and anal HPV infection; and to understand factors associated with HPV infections in HIV+ women. Methods: HIV+ women were recruited from 5 HIV/AIDS outpatient clinics. The participants answered a behavioral survey questionnaire, provided oral, vaginal, and anal swabs that were collected by a clinical nurse, and provided 10ml of blood. The swabs were tested for the presence of 37 types of HPV DNA using a PCR-based assay and the sera were tested for antibody responses to 12 HPV types using virus-like particles (VLPs) antigens by ELISA. HIV/AIDS-related clinical information was obtained from the medical records. Results: Among 81 HIV+ women enrolled in this study, the majority were older than 40 years and had been infected with HIV for more than 10 years. Whites accounted f...
Overall, individuals from vulnerable populations groups who are less integrated because of their ... more Overall, individuals from vulnerable populations groups who are less integrated because of their ethnicity/race, citizenship, or economic status are more likely to be diagnosed with advanced stages of cancer, suffer from larger tumors, and experience higher rates of cancer mortality. Individual behaviors have been shown to modify these risks. For example, lower rates of cancer screening and higher rates of obesity, sedentary lifestyle and smoking are described as independent risk factors for multiple cancers. To understand the link between behavior and cancer risk among vulnerable groups, specifically immigrants, this study links data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (years 2000-2008) to the National Health Interview Survey to examine patterns and identify predictors of modifiable behaviors for cancer prevention among U.S. adults aged 18 years and older (N=190,965). This work provides a foundation for translation into future community-engaged interventions for cancer preven...
Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), all foreign-born who are lawfully p... more Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), all foreign-born who are lawfully present in the United States will be eligible for healthcare coverage beginning January 1, 2014. Currently, pathways to citizenship include naturalization after 5 years of legal permanent residency, which has also been identified as a threshold for deteriorating health among immigrants. The objective of this study is to examine the association between citizenship, duration in the U.S., and cancer screening over time. We analyzed 11 years (2000-2010) of consolidated data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey linked with the National Health Interview Survey. Multivariate analyses were conducted, revealing that over time, compared to foreign-born citizens living in the U.S. for 5 years or more, foreign-born non-citizens living in the U.S. less than 5 years had lower odds of receiving a mammogram (N=70,585) or clinical breast exam (N=70,394) in the past 2 years {OR(95% CI) = .52(.41-.66);...
Increased prevalence of overweight and obesity among Appalachian residents may contribute to incr... more Increased prevalence of overweight and obesity among Appalachian residents may contribute to increased cancer rates in this region. This manuscript describes the design, components, and participant baseline characteristics of a faith-based study to decrease overweight and obesity among Appalachian residents. A group randomized study design was used to assign 13 churches to an intervention to reduce overweight and obesity (Walk by Faith) and 15 churches to a cancer screening intervention (Ribbons of Faith). Church members with a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 were recruited from these churches in Appalachian counties in five states to participate in the study. A standard protocol was used to measure participant characteristics at baseline. The same protocol will be followed to obtain measurements after completion of the active intervention phase (12months) and the sustainability phase (24months). Primary outcome is change in BMI from baseline to 12months. Secondary outcomes include changes in blood pressure, waist-to-hip ratio, and fruit and vegetable consumption, as well as intervention sustainability. Church members (n=664) from 28 churches enrolled in the study. At baseline 64.3% of the participants were obese (BMI≥30), less than half (41.6%) reported regular exercise, and 85.5% reported consuming less than 5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day. Church members recruited to participate in a faith-based study across the Appalachian region reported high rates of unhealthy behaviors. We have demonstrated the feasibility of developing and recruiting participants to a faith-based intervention aimed at improving diet and increasing exercise among underserved populations.
Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP, 2015
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices has ... more The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices has recommended human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines for use in children and young adults for preventing HPV-related diseases, but HPV vaccine coverage is low in the United States. To assess HPV vaccination among US adults and children and to identify characteristics associated with HPV vaccination. We used the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System data to examine HPV vaccine initiation and completion among adults aged 18 to 26 years and children aged 9 to 17 years in 5 US states. We performed a multivariate logistic regression to evaluate factors associated with HPV vaccination. We assessed the HPV vaccination status of 706 women and 560 men and 2201 girls and 2292 boys. In 2010, a total of 258 (41.6%) women and 21 (4.3%) men had initiated HPV vaccination. Of those vaccinated women, 182 (75%) completed the 3-dose vaccine series. Rural residence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] =0.37) an...
While back pain is common among health care workers in the United States, the epidemiology of bac... more While back pain is common among health care workers in the United States, the epidemiology of back pain is unclear. The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence and trend of back pain from work-related injuries among health care workers. Data from the Pennsylvania Work Injuries and Illnesses Reports from 2002 to 2006 were analyzed. Estimated back injuries account for 24.6% of all reported injuries in healthcare workers in Pennsylvania. From 2002 to 2006, there was a 22.5% increase in the incidence of reported back pain in this population. Due to a lack of detailed reports regarding the incidence of back pain among Pennsylvania healthcare workers, it is recommended that a survey of healthcare workers who perform patient handling be completed.
The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence and incidence of Mycoplasma bovis, a co... more The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence and incidence of Mycoplasma bovis, a common cause of pneumonia, in veal calves. Using simple random sampling, 252 calves from 4 veal herds located in central Pennsylvania were selected and longitudinally followed for monthly collection of nasal swabs. Bronchial swabs and lung lesions were collected at the slaughterhouse. Nasal, bronchial, and lung lesion swabs were cultured for bacterial respiratory pathogens. Ninety lung lesions were identified, of which 41.1, 1.1, 1.1, 7.8, and 4.4% were culture positive for M. bovis alone, Pasteurella multocida alone, Mannheimia haemolytica alone, M. bovis and P. multocida co-infection, and M. bovis and M. haemolytica co-infection, respectively. The data indicate that potential interventions, such as therapeutics, vaccines, or management control measures, would be most effective before 50 d of age based upon the cumulative incidence of colonization.
IEEE Conference on Information Visualization : an International Conference on Computer Visualization & Graphics, proceedings ... IEEE Conference on Information Visualization, 2003
We introduce an approach to visual analysis of multivariate data that integrates several methods ... more We introduce an approach to visual analysis of multivariate data that integrates several methods from information visualization, exploratory data analysis (EDA), and geovisualization. The approach leverages the component-based architecture implemented in GeoVISTA Studio to construct a flexible, multiview, tightly (but generically) coordinated, EDA toolkit. This toolkit builds upon traditional ideas behind both small multiples and scatterplot matrices in three fundamental ways. First, we develop a general, MultiForm, Bivariate Matrix and a complementary MultiForm, Bivariate Small Multiple plot in which different bivariate representation forms can be used in combination. We demonstrate the flexibility of this approach with matrices and small multiples that depict multivariate data through combinations of: scatterplots, bivariate maps, and space-filling displays. Second, we apply a measure of conditional entropy to (a) identify variables from a high-dimensional data set that are likely...
Epidemiologic and laboratory studies indicate that dietary selenium protects against prostate can... more Epidemiologic and laboratory studies indicate that dietary selenium protects against prostate cancer. Results from clinical trials suggest that selenium-enriched yeast (SY) but not selenomethionine (SeMet) may be effective at reducing prostate cancer risk. Our objectives were to directly compare for the first time the effects of SeMet and SY on prostate cancer relevant biomarkers in men. We performed a randomized double blind, placebo-controlled trial of SY (200 or 285 μg/day) and SeMet (200 μg/day) administered for 9 months in 69 healthy men. Primary endpoints included blood levels of selenium-containing compounds and oxidative stress biomarkers [urine 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) and blood glutathione (GSH)]. Secondary endpoints included plasma glucose and PSA levels. Compliance was high in all groups (>95%). Plasma selenium levels were increased 93%, 54%, and 86% after 9 months in SeMet and low- and high-dose SY groups, respectively, and returned to baseline levels after a 3-month washout (P < 0.05). Levels of 8-OHdG and 8-iso-PGF2α were decreased 34% and 28%, respectively, after 9 months in the high-dose SY group (P < 0.05). These decreases were greatest in individuals with low baseline plasma levels of selenium (<127 ng/mL). No changes in serum PSA or blood glucose and GSH were observed. Overall, we showed for the first time, reductions in biomarkers of oxidative stress following supplementation with SY but not SeMet in healthy men. These findings suggest that selenium-containing compounds other than SeMet may account for the decrease in oxidative stress.
cavity was 18.1% (95% confidence interval, 13.4%- 22.8%). Conclusions: Currently, few authors adv... more cavity was 18.1% (95% confidence interval, 13.4%- 22.8%). Conclusions: Currently, few authors advocate elective treatment of the neck in patients with high-risk SCC of the nasal cavity. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate that the RR of this entity may be higher than previously suspected. Because many stud- ies included other histopathologies or analyzed recur- rence data
Journal of Health Care for The Poor and Underserved, 2012
Breast cancer death rates in the U.S. have decreased in recent decades, however areas such as App... more Breast cancer death rates in the U.S. have decreased in recent decades, however areas such as Appalachia with fewer cancer care resources may not have experienced comparable mortality declines. This study examines trends in breast cancer mortality rate disparities in Appalachian states and the continental U.S. using data from SEER mortality files 1969-2007 and the Area Resource File. Overall breast
Background: The incidence of colon cancer in Pennsylvania is higher than the US. County-level ana... more Background: The incidence of colon cancer in Pennsylvania is higher than the US. County-level analysis and mapping of cancer clusters may help prioritize cancer control. Purpose: 1) Determine whether geographic clustering of colon cancer incidence occurs and whether cluster patterns differ by stage and site (left- versus right-sided); and 2) Identify county-level characteristics associated with incidence. Methods: Cases diagnosed between 1994-2002 were identified through the Pennsylvania Cancer Registry. Principal components analysis was used to create a county-level SES index based on the 2000 Census. County-level colon cancer screening and obesity prevalence were derived from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. SaTScan was used to determine geographic clustering by county. Poisson regression estimated incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) according to the county-distribution of age, sex, race, SES index, obesity, screening, and rural residence a...
The incidence of cervical cancer in Appalachia exceeds the national rate; rural Appalachian women... more The incidence of cervical cancer in Appalachia exceeds the national rate; rural Appalachian women are at especially high risk. We assessed the attitudes and practices related to human papillomavirus vaccination among providers in primary care practices in a contiguous 5-county area of Appalachian Pennsylvania. In December 2006 and May 2007, all family medicine, pediatric, and gynecology practices (n = 65) in the study area were surveyed by 2 faxed survey instruments. Of the 65 practices, 55 completed the first survey instrument. Of these 55, 44 offered the vaccine to their patients. Forty of the 44 practices offered it to girls and women aged 9 to 26 years, and 11 were willing to accept referrals from other practices for vaccination. The average reported charge for each of the 3 required injections was $150. Of the 55 practices that responded to the first survey instrument, 49 responded to the second survey instrument, 46 of which recommended the vaccine to their patients. The preva...
... Eugene J. Lengerich, Brenda C. Kluhsman, Marcyann M. Bencivenga, Samuel M. Lesko, Oralia Garc... more ... Eugene J. Lengerich, Brenda C. Kluhsman, Marcyann M. Bencivenga, Samuel M. Lesko, Oralia Garcia-Dominic, Betsy B. Aumiller, and Marcia Anderson ... Oralia Garcia-Dominic, is a postdoctoral fellow in the public health sciences in the Penn State College of Medicine. ...
Background: Colorectal (CRC) cancer is the third most commonly occurring cancer in the U.S. and t... more Background: Colorectal (CRC) cancer is the third most commonly occurring cancer in the U.S. and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. Early detection through periodic screening is recommended for average-risk adults 50-74 years of age because it has been shown to reduce CRC mortality. However, uptake of CRC screening by patients in rural and medically underserved Appalachia is not universal, even among patients in a primary care clinic. The objective of our study was to determine the feasibility of using academic detailing to increase CRC screening in rural primary care practices. Methods: We developed and implemented clinic-based academic detailing with feedback in four primary care practices, three of which used electronic medical records, in rural Pennsylvania. Academic detailing included education, small media, and practice aids. We measured the uptake of CRC screening before and after detailing by reviewing randomly selected medical charts. We used Key-informant inte...
This paper describes the design and implementation of three web-based geovisualization and geocol... more This paper describes the design and implementation of three web-based geovisualization and geocollaboration applications developed for the domain of public health. Each was implemented using Web 2.0 architecture. First, the Pennsylvania Cancer Atlas is a web-based geovisualization tool for the exploration of county- level cancer incidence rates using multiple interactive and live-linked statistical representations. Second, the Health GeoJunction is a web-based geovisualization and geocollaboration tool for geographic, temporal, and attribute filtering of articles from the PubMed medical research database. Finally, the Geo-Explication Web Portal is a web- based geocollaboration tool for the annotation and dissemination of geovisualization tools, training materials, and analysis artifacts collected from the application of geovisualization tools and techniques.
Background: HIV+ women are at high risk for HPV-associated cancers, but HPV infections at non-cer... more Background: HIV+ women are at high risk for HPV-associated cancers, but HPV infections at non-cervical anatomical sites have not been well studied in HIV+ women. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of oral, vaginal, and anal HPV infection; and to understand factors associated with HPV infections in HIV+ women. Methods: HIV+ women were recruited from 5 HIV/AIDS outpatient clinics. The participants answered a behavioral survey questionnaire, provided oral, vaginal, and anal swabs that were collected by a clinical nurse, and provided 10ml of blood. The swabs were tested for the presence of 37 types of HPV DNA using a PCR-based assay and the sera were tested for antibody responses to 12 HPV types using virus-like particles (VLPs) antigens by ELISA. HIV/AIDS-related clinical information was obtained from the medical records. Results: Among 81 HIV+ women enrolled in this study, the majority were older than 40 years and had been infected with HIV for more than 10 years. Whites accounted f...
Overall, individuals from vulnerable populations groups who are less integrated because of their ... more Overall, individuals from vulnerable populations groups who are less integrated because of their ethnicity/race, citizenship, or economic status are more likely to be diagnosed with advanced stages of cancer, suffer from larger tumors, and experience higher rates of cancer mortality. Individual behaviors have been shown to modify these risks. For example, lower rates of cancer screening and higher rates of obesity, sedentary lifestyle and smoking are described as independent risk factors for multiple cancers. To understand the link between behavior and cancer risk among vulnerable groups, specifically immigrants, this study links data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (years 2000-2008) to the National Health Interview Survey to examine patterns and identify predictors of modifiable behaviors for cancer prevention among U.S. adults aged 18 years and older (N=190,965). This work provides a foundation for translation into future community-engaged interventions for cancer preven...
Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), all foreign-born who are lawfully p... more Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), all foreign-born who are lawfully present in the United States will be eligible for healthcare coverage beginning January 1, 2014. Currently, pathways to citizenship include naturalization after 5 years of legal permanent residency, which has also been identified as a threshold for deteriorating health among immigrants. The objective of this study is to examine the association between citizenship, duration in the U.S., and cancer screening over time. We analyzed 11 years (2000-2010) of consolidated data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey linked with the National Health Interview Survey. Multivariate analyses were conducted, revealing that over time, compared to foreign-born citizens living in the U.S. for 5 years or more, foreign-born non-citizens living in the U.S. less than 5 years had lower odds of receiving a mammogram (N=70,585) or clinical breast exam (N=70,394) in the past 2 years {OR(95% CI) = .52(.41-.66);...
Increased prevalence of overweight and obesity among Appalachian residents may contribute to incr... more Increased prevalence of overweight and obesity among Appalachian residents may contribute to increased cancer rates in this region. This manuscript describes the design, components, and participant baseline characteristics of a faith-based study to decrease overweight and obesity among Appalachian residents. A group randomized study design was used to assign 13 churches to an intervention to reduce overweight and obesity (Walk by Faith) and 15 churches to a cancer screening intervention (Ribbons of Faith). Church members with a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 were recruited from these churches in Appalachian counties in five states to participate in the study. A standard protocol was used to measure participant characteristics at baseline. The same protocol will be followed to obtain measurements after completion of the active intervention phase (12months) and the sustainability phase (24months). Primary outcome is change in BMI from baseline to 12months. Secondary outcomes include changes in blood pressure, waist-to-hip ratio, and fruit and vegetable consumption, as well as intervention sustainability. Church members (n=664) from 28 churches enrolled in the study. At baseline 64.3% of the participants were obese (BMI≥30), less than half (41.6%) reported regular exercise, and 85.5% reported consuming less than 5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day. Church members recruited to participate in a faith-based study across the Appalachian region reported high rates of unhealthy behaviors. We have demonstrated the feasibility of developing and recruiting participants to a faith-based intervention aimed at improving diet and increasing exercise among underserved populations.
Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP, 2015
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices has ... more The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices has recommended human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines for use in children and young adults for preventing HPV-related diseases, but HPV vaccine coverage is low in the United States. To assess HPV vaccination among US adults and children and to identify characteristics associated with HPV vaccination. We used the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System data to examine HPV vaccine initiation and completion among adults aged 18 to 26 years and children aged 9 to 17 years in 5 US states. We performed a multivariate logistic regression to evaluate factors associated with HPV vaccination. We assessed the HPV vaccination status of 706 women and 560 men and 2201 girls and 2292 boys. In 2010, a total of 258 (41.6%) women and 21 (4.3%) men had initiated HPV vaccination. Of those vaccinated women, 182 (75%) completed the 3-dose vaccine series. Rural residence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] =0.37) an...
While back pain is common among health care workers in the United States, the epidemiology of bac... more While back pain is common among health care workers in the United States, the epidemiology of back pain is unclear. The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence and trend of back pain from work-related injuries among health care workers. Data from the Pennsylvania Work Injuries and Illnesses Reports from 2002 to 2006 were analyzed. Estimated back injuries account for 24.6% of all reported injuries in healthcare workers in Pennsylvania. From 2002 to 2006, there was a 22.5% increase in the incidence of reported back pain in this population. Due to a lack of detailed reports regarding the incidence of back pain among Pennsylvania healthcare workers, it is recommended that a survey of healthcare workers who perform patient handling be completed.
The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence and incidence of Mycoplasma bovis, a co... more The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence and incidence of Mycoplasma bovis, a common cause of pneumonia, in veal calves. Using simple random sampling, 252 calves from 4 veal herds located in central Pennsylvania were selected and longitudinally followed for monthly collection of nasal swabs. Bronchial swabs and lung lesions were collected at the slaughterhouse. Nasal, bronchial, and lung lesion swabs were cultured for bacterial respiratory pathogens. Ninety lung lesions were identified, of which 41.1, 1.1, 1.1, 7.8, and 4.4% were culture positive for M. bovis alone, Pasteurella multocida alone, Mannheimia haemolytica alone, M. bovis and P. multocida co-infection, and M. bovis and M. haemolytica co-infection, respectively. The data indicate that potential interventions, such as therapeutics, vaccines, or management control measures, would be most effective before 50 d of age based upon the cumulative incidence of colonization.
IEEE Conference on Information Visualization : an International Conference on Computer Visualization & Graphics, proceedings ... IEEE Conference on Information Visualization, 2003
We introduce an approach to visual analysis of multivariate data that integrates several methods ... more We introduce an approach to visual analysis of multivariate data that integrates several methods from information visualization, exploratory data analysis (EDA), and geovisualization. The approach leverages the component-based architecture implemented in GeoVISTA Studio to construct a flexible, multiview, tightly (but generically) coordinated, EDA toolkit. This toolkit builds upon traditional ideas behind both small multiples and scatterplot matrices in three fundamental ways. First, we develop a general, MultiForm, Bivariate Matrix and a complementary MultiForm, Bivariate Small Multiple plot in which different bivariate representation forms can be used in combination. We demonstrate the flexibility of this approach with matrices and small multiples that depict multivariate data through combinations of: scatterplots, bivariate maps, and space-filling displays. Second, we apply a measure of conditional entropy to (a) identify variables from a high-dimensional data set that are likely...
Epidemiologic and laboratory studies indicate that dietary selenium protects against prostate can... more Epidemiologic and laboratory studies indicate that dietary selenium protects against prostate cancer. Results from clinical trials suggest that selenium-enriched yeast (SY) but not selenomethionine (SeMet) may be effective at reducing prostate cancer risk. Our objectives were to directly compare for the first time the effects of SeMet and SY on prostate cancer relevant biomarkers in men. We performed a randomized double blind, placebo-controlled trial of SY (200 or 285 μg/day) and SeMet (200 μg/day) administered for 9 months in 69 healthy men. Primary endpoints included blood levels of selenium-containing compounds and oxidative stress biomarkers [urine 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) and blood glutathione (GSH)]. Secondary endpoints included plasma glucose and PSA levels. Compliance was high in all groups (>95%). Plasma selenium levels were increased 93%, 54%, and 86% after 9 months in SeMet and low- and high-dose SY groups, respectively, and returned to baseline levels after a 3-month washout (P < 0.05). Levels of 8-OHdG and 8-iso-PGF2α were decreased 34% and 28%, respectively, after 9 months in the high-dose SY group (P < 0.05). These decreases were greatest in individuals with low baseline plasma levels of selenium (<127 ng/mL). No changes in serum PSA or blood glucose and GSH were observed. Overall, we showed for the first time, reductions in biomarkers of oxidative stress following supplementation with SY but not SeMet in healthy men. These findings suggest that selenium-containing compounds other than SeMet may account for the decrease in oxidative stress.
Uploads
Papers by Eugene Lengerich