Dhole (Cuon alpinus) is threatened with extinction across its range due to habitat loss and prey ... more Dhole (Cuon alpinus) is threatened with extinction across its range due to habitat loss and prey depletion. Despite this, no previous study has investigated the distribution and threat of the species at a regional scale. This lack of knowledge continues to impede conservation planning for the species. Here
Knowledge about the current distribution of threatened and/or understudied species is a fundament... more Knowledge about the current distribution of threatened and/or understudied species is a fundamental component of conservation biology. Mapping species distributions based on recent known occurrences is particularly important for those that are rare or declining. Too often, cryptic species go undetected throughout parts of their range, whereas others just receive less research attention. We used contemporary presence data for the Pallas’s cat (Otocolobus manul), a small cryptic felid, to characterize potential rangewide and regional habitat for the species and identify those abiotic and biotic variables most influencing its distribution. Several regions lacking contemporary occurrence records contain potential habitat for Pallas’s cats, including the Koh-i-Baba Mountains of Afghanistan, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, steppes of Inner Mongolia, Kunlun Mountains of China, and Tian Shan and Pamir Mountains of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and China. Some of these areas have not been included in pri...
ABSTRACT Social acceptance is crucial to reintroduction projects involving large felids, yet few ... more ABSTRACT Social acceptance is crucial to reintroduction projects involving large felids, yet few studies have assessed public attitudes toward reintroduction candidates prior to release. To assess attitudes toward clouded leopards, a reintroduction candidate in Taiwan, we conducted interviews with 263 rural indigenous locals in southern Taiwan and distributed an internet questionnaire to 500 Taiwanese urbanites. Rural and urban attitudes were 67% and 76% positive toward clouded leopards, respectively. Higher knowledge about clouded leopards, male respondents, and younger-aged respondents were positively correlated with rural attitudes toward clouded leopards. Comparably, an increase in knowledge, male respondents, and those with more household children were positively associated with urban attitudes. Additionally, 67% of rural and 71% of urban respondents exhibited positive attitudes toward clouded leopard competitors and prey in Taiwan, respectively. Our findings suggest that clouded leopard reintroduction may already be well-supported among members of Taiwanese indigenous nations and more broadly by the general public.
Large-scale distribution models are effective predictors of habitat suitability and connectivity ... more Large-scale distribution models are effective predictors of habitat suitability and connectivity across broad landscapes and are useful management tools, though few large-scale species distribution models exist for medium-sized predators in urban landscapes. We modeled the potential distribution of 4 medium-sized predators in a 17,361-km2 portion of the Chicago Metropolitan Area. We applied a maximum entropy algorithm model (MaxEnt) using presence-only data collected via remote cameras from 54 Lake County, Illinois, forest preserves during August–October 2008–2012. Environmental data layers used to model distributions were distances to forest, grassland, barren land, crops, wetlands, developed open space, developed low intensity, developed high intensity, water, primary roads, secondary roads, and tertiary roads. Coyotes (Canis latrans) had the greatest area of potential distribution followed by opossums (Didelphis virginiana), striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), and raccoons (Procyon lotor). Models for all species had high AUC values (0.90–0.94) indicating strong predictive performance. More than 50% of the study area was predicted to be within the distributional limit for each focal species. Distance to forest was the most important contributory predictor for all species modeled (82% - 96%) and higher probability of presence for all 4 species was indicated closer to forest and further from tertiary roads. However, coyotes and raccoons were predicted to prefer habitat closer to highly-developed areas. Our research indicates medium-sized predators are highly synanthropic and able to persist within the Chicago Metropolitan Area given adequate availability of non-urban land cover, particularly forest, and ample green space linking forest patches within highly-developed areas.
Wild turkey ( Meleagris gallopavo L., 1758) populations have grown considerably in the Midwestern... more Wild turkey ( Meleagris gallopavo L., 1758) populations have grown considerably in the Midwestern U.S. alongside mesocarnivores, such as coyotes ( Canis latrans Say, 1823) and bobcats ( Lynx rufus Schreber, 1777). However, few studies have assessed habitat overlap between mesocarnivores and turkeys with a goal to understand potential impacts of mesocarnivores on turkeys. We captured and radiomarked bobcats, coyotes, and wild turkey hens in southern Illinois during 2011-2013 in an agricultural landscape and created single species resource selection and overlap models. Wild turkeys and bobcats demonstrated concentrated use in forested areas whereas coyote use was highest in agricultural areas. We documented wild turkey nests ( n = 107) and hen mortalities ( n = 28), which were used to model the effect of bobcat, coyote, and wild turkey habitat use on turkey nest success and mortality. Increased coyote use was associated with higher nest success and increased turkey use was asso...
Estimates of population density are crucial for wild felid conservation and are commonly conducte... more Estimates of population density are crucial for wild felid conservation and are commonly conducted using camera trapping. Spatially explicit capture-recapture (SCR) survey designs often use two cameras per station to photograph both flanks of a spotted felid to confirm identities. However, if the sampling grid is inadequate, and detector devices are unable to capture an animal’s complete movements, density may be overestimated. Density analyses incorporating identification inputs from both flanks derived from unpaired camera stations may offer a cost-effective solution by doubling the number of stations available to researchers. During 2008, we surveyed 164 sites for jaguars, ocelots, and bobcats using unpaired camera stations (mean trap nights per camera = 32.66, inter-trap distance = 800 m) on private ranching lands in Sonora, Mexico. We obtained 15, 52, and 229 detections of jaguars, ocelots, and bobcats from 9, 35, and 87 stations, respectively. SCR density estimates (individuals/100 km 2 ) derived from a maximum likelihood multi-session model and a Bayesian spatial partial identity model (SPIM) were similar: 4.61 and 1.54 (jaguar), 4.66 and 4.33 (ocelot), and 15.22 and 15.88 (bobcat), respectively. Due to insufficient recaptures of jaguars, only SPIM provided a credible estimate of jaguar density. Jaguar density was one of the lowest reported across their distribution, which was expected given Sonora’s location at the periphery of the jaguar’s range. However, ocelot and bobcat populations appear to be healthy in Sonora, even within unprotected ranchlands. We recommend the use of SPIM to estimate the density of spotted felids with any dataset containing few recaptures in unpaired camera surveys.
Knowledge about the current distribution of
threatened and/or understudied species is a fundament... more Knowledge about the current distribution of threatened and/or understudied species is a fundamental component of conservation biology. Mapping species distributions based on recent known occurrences is particularly important for those that are rare or declining. Too often, cryptic species go undetected throughout parts of their range, whereas others just receive less research attention. We used contemporary presence data for the Pallas’s cat (Otocolobus manul), a small cryptic felid, to characterize potential rangewide and regional habitat for the species and identify those abiotic and biotic variables most influencing its distribution. Several regions lacking contemporary occurrence records contain potential habitat for Pallas’s cats, including the Koh-i-Baba Mountains of Afghanistan, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, steppes of Inner Mongolia, Kunlun Mountains of China, and Tian Shan and Pamir Mountains of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and China. Some of these areas have not been included in prior rangewide distribution assessments. The distribution of pikas (Ochotona spp.), small mammals that likely represent a critical prey species everywhere they are sympatric, was the most important factor affecting the Pallas’s cat’s distribution. This suggests Pallas’s cats may be prey specialists, and that pika presence and habitat are critical considerations for future Pallas’s cat surveys and in the development of regional conservation actions.
The Indochinese clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) was recently declared extinct in Taiwan but i... more The Indochinese clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) was recently declared extinct in Taiwan but is a potential candidate for reintroduction. We assessed the level of public support for reintroduction and the value of clouded leopards to Taiwanese residents via their willingness-to-pay (WTP) among indigenous and urban communities for a potential reintroduction to the Tawushan Nature Reserve. We also investigated sociodemographic factors related to such support or lack thereof. Questionnaires were completed by 263 rural indigenous residents and 500 urban residents across three metropolitan areas. We found 48%, 31%, and 21% of rural respondents supported, were neutral toward, or opposed a reintroduction, respectively, whereas for urban respondents these percentages were 71%, 22%, and 7% respectively. Rural and urban residents were >3 and >7 times more likely to pay to support a reintroduction than those willing to pay to prevent it, respectively, and the hypothetical donations of urban and rural supporters totaled 11.1 and 21.3 times more than opposition WTP totals. More positive attitudes towards clouded leopards were positively related to respondent support and greater WTP for reintroduction. Clouded leopard reintroduction is generally supported by the Taiwanese public, but rural support could change post-release given the large percentage of neutral respondents. We recommend indigenous involvement in any reintroduction effort and an educational campaign to increase awareness among Taiwanese residents about clouded leopards and their potential reintroduction.
Social acceptance is crucial to reintroduction projects involving large
felids, yet few studies h... more Social acceptance is crucial to reintroduction projects involving large felids, yet few studies have assessed public attitudes toward reintroduction candidates prior to release. To assess attitudes toward clouded leopards, a reintroduction candidate in Taiwan, we conducted interviews with 263 rural indigenous locals in southern Taiwan and distributed an internet questionnaire to 500 Taiwanese urbanites. Rural and urban attitudes were 67% and 76% positive toward clouded leopards, respectively. Higher knowledge about clouded leopards, male respondents, and younger-aged respondents were positively correlated with rural attitudes toward clouded leopards. Comparably, an increase in knowledge, male respondents, and those with more household children were positively associated with urban attitudes. Additionally, 67% of rural and 71% of urban respondents exhibited positive attitudes toward clouded leopard competitors and prey in Taiwan, respectively. Our findings suggest that clouded leopard reintroduction may already be well-supported among members of Taiwanese indigenous nations and more broadly by the general public.
In September 2021, the Cat Specialist Group completed the Red List Assessment for mainland cloude... more In September 2021, the Cat Specialist Group completed the Red List Assessment for mainland clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa (Gray et al. 2021) for the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species TM. Since the previous Red List assessment (Grassman et al. 2016), there have been several published studies investigating the range-wide distribution of remaining habitat and recent occurrence records (e.g., Macdonald et al. 2019, Petersen et al. 2020a). These assisted the most recent assessment, as did new published estimates on site-specific population densities (e.g., Singh & Macdonald 2017, Petersen et al. 2020b, Fig. 1.). This latest assessment resulted in the species maintaining its status as globally Vulnerable.
Dhole (Cuon alpinus) is threatened with extinction across its range due to habitat loss and prey ... more Dhole (Cuon alpinus) is threatened with extinction across its range due to habitat loss and prey depletion. Despite this, no previous study has investigated the distribution and threat of the species at a regional scale. This lack of knowledge continues to impede conservation planning for the species. Here
Knowledge about the current distribution of threatened and/or understudied species is a fundament... more Knowledge about the current distribution of threatened and/or understudied species is a fundamental component of conservation biology. Mapping species distributions based on recent known occurrences is particularly important for those that are rare or declining. Too often, cryptic species go undetected throughout parts of their range, whereas others just receive less research attention. We used contemporary presence data for the Pallas’s cat (Otocolobus manul), a small cryptic felid, to characterize potential rangewide and regional habitat for the species and identify those abiotic and biotic variables most influencing its distribution. Several regions lacking contemporary occurrence records contain potential habitat for Pallas’s cats, including the Koh-i-Baba Mountains of Afghanistan, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, steppes of Inner Mongolia, Kunlun Mountains of China, and Tian Shan and Pamir Mountains of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and China. Some of these areas have not been included in pri...
ABSTRACT Social acceptance is crucial to reintroduction projects involving large felids, yet few ... more ABSTRACT Social acceptance is crucial to reintroduction projects involving large felids, yet few studies have assessed public attitudes toward reintroduction candidates prior to release. To assess attitudes toward clouded leopards, a reintroduction candidate in Taiwan, we conducted interviews with 263 rural indigenous locals in southern Taiwan and distributed an internet questionnaire to 500 Taiwanese urbanites. Rural and urban attitudes were 67% and 76% positive toward clouded leopards, respectively. Higher knowledge about clouded leopards, male respondents, and younger-aged respondents were positively correlated with rural attitudes toward clouded leopards. Comparably, an increase in knowledge, male respondents, and those with more household children were positively associated with urban attitudes. Additionally, 67% of rural and 71% of urban respondents exhibited positive attitudes toward clouded leopard competitors and prey in Taiwan, respectively. Our findings suggest that clouded leopard reintroduction may already be well-supported among members of Taiwanese indigenous nations and more broadly by the general public.
Large-scale distribution models are effective predictors of habitat suitability and connectivity ... more Large-scale distribution models are effective predictors of habitat suitability and connectivity across broad landscapes and are useful management tools, though few large-scale species distribution models exist for medium-sized predators in urban landscapes. We modeled the potential distribution of 4 medium-sized predators in a 17,361-km2 portion of the Chicago Metropolitan Area. We applied a maximum entropy algorithm model (MaxEnt) using presence-only data collected via remote cameras from 54 Lake County, Illinois, forest preserves during August–October 2008–2012. Environmental data layers used to model distributions were distances to forest, grassland, barren land, crops, wetlands, developed open space, developed low intensity, developed high intensity, water, primary roads, secondary roads, and tertiary roads. Coyotes (Canis latrans) had the greatest area of potential distribution followed by opossums (Didelphis virginiana), striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), and raccoons (Procyon lotor). Models for all species had high AUC values (0.90–0.94) indicating strong predictive performance. More than 50% of the study area was predicted to be within the distributional limit for each focal species. Distance to forest was the most important contributory predictor for all species modeled (82% - 96%) and higher probability of presence for all 4 species was indicated closer to forest and further from tertiary roads. However, coyotes and raccoons were predicted to prefer habitat closer to highly-developed areas. Our research indicates medium-sized predators are highly synanthropic and able to persist within the Chicago Metropolitan Area given adequate availability of non-urban land cover, particularly forest, and ample green space linking forest patches within highly-developed areas.
Wild turkey ( Meleagris gallopavo L., 1758) populations have grown considerably in the Midwestern... more Wild turkey ( Meleagris gallopavo L., 1758) populations have grown considerably in the Midwestern U.S. alongside mesocarnivores, such as coyotes ( Canis latrans Say, 1823) and bobcats ( Lynx rufus Schreber, 1777). However, few studies have assessed habitat overlap between mesocarnivores and turkeys with a goal to understand potential impacts of mesocarnivores on turkeys. We captured and radiomarked bobcats, coyotes, and wild turkey hens in southern Illinois during 2011-2013 in an agricultural landscape and created single species resource selection and overlap models. Wild turkeys and bobcats demonstrated concentrated use in forested areas whereas coyote use was highest in agricultural areas. We documented wild turkey nests ( n = 107) and hen mortalities ( n = 28), which were used to model the effect of bobcat, coyote, and wild turkey habitat use on turkey nest success and mortality. Increased coyote use was associated with higher nest success and increased turkey use was asso...
Estimates of population density are crucial for wild felid conservation and are commonly conducte... more Estimates of population density are crucial for wild felid conservation and are commonly conducted using camera trapping. Spatially explicit capture-recapture (SCR) survey designs often use two cameras per station to photograph both flanks of a spotted felid to confirm identities. However, if the sampling grid is inadequate, and detector devices are unable to capture an animal’s complete movements, density may be overestimated. Density analyses incorporating identification inputs from both flanks derived from unpaired camera stations may offer a cost-effective solution by doubling the number of stations available to researchers. During 2008, we surveyed 164 sites for jaguars, ocelots, and bobcats using unpaired camera stations (mean trap nights per camera = 32.66, inter-trap distance = 800 m) on private ranching lands in Sonora, Mexico. We obtained 15, 52, and 229 detections of jaguars, ocelots, and bobcats from 9, 35, and 87 stations, respectively. SCR density estimates (individuals/100 km 2 ) derived from a maximum likelihood multi-session model and a Bayesian spatial partial identity model (SPIM) were similar: 4.61 and 1.54 (jaguar), 4.66 and 4.33 (ocelot), and 15.22 and 15.88 (bobcat), respectively. Due to insufficient recaptures of jaguars, only SPIM provided a credible estimate of jaguar density. Jaguar density was one of the lowest reported across their distribution, which was expected given Sonora’s location at the periphery of the jaguar’s range. However, ocelot and bobcat populations appear to be healthy in Sonora, even within unprotected ranchlands. We recommend the use of SPIM to estimate the density of spotted felids with any dataset containing few recaptures in unpaired camera surveys.
Knowledge about the current distribution of
threatened and/or understudied species is a fundament... more Knowledge about the current distribution of threatened and/or understudied species is a fundamental component of conservation biology. Mapping species distributions based on recent known occurrences is particularly important for those that are rare or declining. Too often, cryptic species go undetected throughout parts of their range, whereas others just receive less research attention. We used contemporary presence data for the Pallas’s cat (Otocolobus manul), a small cryptic felid, to characterize potential rangewide and regional habitat for the species and identify those abiotic and biotic variables most influencing its distribution. Several regions lacking contemporary occurrence records contain potential habitat for Pallas’s cats, including the Koh-i-Baba Mountains of Afghanistan, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, steppes of Inner Mongolia, Kunlun Mountains of China, and Tian Shan and Pamir Mountains of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and China. Some of these areas have not been included in prior rangewide distribution assessments. The distribution of pikas (Ochotona spp.), small mammals that likely represent a critical prey species everywhere they are sympatric, was the most important factor affecting the Pallas’s cat’s distribution. This suggests Pallas’s cats may be prey specialists, and that pika presence and habitat are critical considerations for future Pallas’s cat surveys and in the development of regional conservation actions.
The Indochinese clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) was recently declared extinct in Taiwan but i... more The Indochinese clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) was recently declared extinct in Taiwan but is a potential candidate for reintroduction. We assessed the level of public support for reintroduction and the value of clouded leopards to Taiwanese residents via their willingness-to-pay (WTP) among indigenous and urban communities for a potential reintroduction to the Tawushan Nature Reserve. We also investigated sociodemographic factors related to such support or lack thereof. Questionnaires were completed by 263 rural indigenous residents and 500 urban residents across three metropolitan areas. We found 48%, 31%, and 21% of rural respondents supported, were neutral toward, or opposed a reintroduction, respectively, whereas for urban respondents these percentages were 71%, 22%, and 7% respectively. Rural and urban residents were >3 and >7 times more likely to pay to support a reintroduction than those willing to pay to prevent it, respectively, and the hypothetical donations of urban and rural supporters totaled 11.1 and 21.3 times more than opposition WTP totals. More positive attitudes towards clouded leopards were positively related to respondent support and greater WTP for reintroduction. Clouded leopard reintroduction is generally supported by the Taiwanese public, but rural support could change post-release given the large percentage of neutral respondents. We recommend indigenous involvement in any reintroduction effort and an educational campaign to increase awareness among Taiwanese residents about clouded leopards and their potential reintroduction.
Social acceptance is crucial to reintroduction projects involving large
felids, yet few studies h... more Social acceptance is crucial to reintroduction projects involving large felids, yet few studies have assessed public attitudes toward reintroduction candidates prior to release. To assess attitudes toward clouded leopards, a reintroduction candidate in Taiwan, we conducted interviews with 263 rural indigenous locals in southern Taiwan and distributed an internet questionnaire to 500 Taiwanese urbanites. Rural and urban attitudes were 67% and 76% positive toward clouded leopards, respectively. Higher knowledge about clouded leopards, male respondents, and younger-aged respondents were positively correlated with rural attitudes toward clouded leopards. Comparably, an increase in knowledge, male respondents, and those with more household children were positively associated with urban attitudes. Additionally, 67% of rural and 71% of urban respondents exhibited positive attitudes toward clouded leopard competitors and prey in Taiwan, respectively. Our findings suggest that clouded leopard reintroduction may already be well-supported among members of Taiwanese indigenous nations and more broadly by the general public.
In September 2021, the Cat Specialist Group completed the Red List Assessment for mainland cloude... more In September 2021, the Cat Specialist Group completed the Red List Assessment for mainland clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa (Gray et al. 2021) for the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species TM. Since the previous Red List assessment (Grassman et al. 2016), there have been several published studies investigating the range-wide distribution of remaining habitat and recent occurrence records (e.g., Macdonald et al. 2019, Petersen et al. 2020a). These assisted the most recent assessment, as did new published estimates on site-specific population densities (e.g., Singh & Macdonald 2017, Petersen et al. 2020b, Fig. 1.). This latest assessment resulted in the species maintaining its status as globally Vulnerable.
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Papers by Evan Greenspan
threatened and/or understudied species is a fundamental
component of conservation biology. Mapping species distributions
based on recent known occurrences is particularly
important for those that are rare or declining. Too
often, cryptic species go undetected throughout parts of
their range, whereas others just receive less research
attention. We used contemporary presence data for the
Pallas’s cat (Otocolobus manul), a small cryptic felid, to
characterize potential rangewide and regional habitat for
the species and identify those abiotic and biotic variables
most influencing its distribution. Several regions lacking
contemporary occurrence records contain potential habitat
for Pallas’s cats, including the Koh-i-Baba Mountains of
Afghanistan, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, steppes of Inner
Mongolia, Kunlun Mountains of China, and Tian Shan and
Pamir Mountains of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and China.
Some of these areas have not been included in prior rangewide
distribution assessments. The distribution of pikas
(Ochotona spp.), small mammals that likely represent a
critical prey species everywhere they are sympatric, was
the most important factor affecting the Pallas’s cat’s distribution.
This suggests Pallas’s cats may be prey specialists,
and that pika presence and habitat are critical
considerations for future Pallas’s cat surveys and in the
development of regional conservation actions.
felids, yet few studies have assessed public attitudes toward reintroduction candidates prior to release. To assess attitudes toward clouded leopards, a reintroduction candidate in Taiwan, we conducted interviews with 263 rural indigenous locals in southern Taiwan and distributed an internet questionnaire to 500 Taiwanese urbanites. Rural and urban attitudes were 67% and 76% positive toward clouded leopards, respectively. Higher knowledge about clouded leopards, male respondents, and younger-aged respondents were positively correlated with rural attitudes toward clouded leopards. Comparably, an increase in
knowledge, male respondents, and those with more household children
were positively associated with urban attitudes. Additionally, 67% of
rural and 71% of urban respondents exhibited positive attitudes toward
clouded leopard competitors and prey in Taiwan, respectively. Our
findings suggest that clouded leopard reintroduction may already be
well-supported among members of Taiwanese indigenous nations and
more broadly by the general public.
Notes & Records by Evan Greenspan
threatened and/or understudied species is a fundamental
component of conservation biology. Mapping species distributions
based on recent known occurrences is particularly
important for those that are rare or declining. Too
often, cryptic species go undetected throughout parts of
their range, whereas others just receive less research
attention. We used contemporary presence data for the
Pallas’s cat (Otocolobus manul), a small cryptic felid, to
characterize potential rangewide and regional habitat for
the species and identify those abiotic and biotic variables
most influencing its distribution. Several regions lacking
contemporary occurrence records contain potential habitat
for Pallas’s cats, including the Koh-i-Baba Mountains of
Afghanistan, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, steppes of Inner
Mongolia, Kunlun Mountains of China, and Tian Shan and
Pamir Mountains of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and China.
Some of these areas have not been included in prior rangewide
distribution assessments. The distribution of pikas
(Ochotona spp.), small mammals that likely represent a
critical prey species everywhere they are sympatric, was
the most important factor affecting the Pallas’s cat’s distribution.
This suggests Pallas’s cats may be prey specialists,
and that pika presence and habitat are critical
considerations for future Pallas’s cat surveys and in the
development of regional conservation actions.
felids, yet few studies have assessed public attitudes toward reintroduction candidates prior to release. To assess attitudes toward clouded leopards, a reintroduction candidate in Taiwan, we conducted interviews with 263 rural indigenous locals in southern Taiwan and distributed an internet questionnaire to 500 Taiwanese urbanites. Rural and urban attitudes were 67% and 76% positive toward clouded leopards, respectively. Higher knowledge about clouded leopards, male respondents, and younger-aged respondents were positively correlated with rural attitudes toward clouded leopards. Comparably, an increase in
knowledge, male respondents, and those with more household children
were positively associated with urban attitudes. Additionally, 67% of
rural and 71% of urban respondents exhibited positive attitudes toward
clouded leopard competitors and prey in Taiwan, respectively. Our
findings suggest that clouded leopard reintroduction may already be
well-supported among members of Taiwanese indigenous nations and
more broadly by the general public.