Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology has shown impressive new opportunities and convincing resu... more Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology has shown impressive new opportunities and convincing results over the last years, mainly in terrestrial applications. Today, it has proven to represent a completely new approach to shape complex mechanical parts, with enormous potential for optimization of dedicated parameters. Numerous possibilities shine up for the aerospace industry, among others, and let engineers dream of mechanical parts which only some years ago looked like science fiction. OHB System has been involved in the development of Additive Manufacturing since more than five years via several ESA studies, DLR-funded projects and by significant internal R&D activities. These projects and studies have convinced us of the potential of AM for future satellite platforms, instruments and payloads. A new dimension of freedom in generating shapes and geometries is opened, offering more flexibility for optimizing the parts and components according to functional and performance requirements. On the other hand, the efforts of qualifying an AM part to flight worthiness are significantly higher than for conventional manufacturing technologies, taking into account all the required aspects of material and production process control, inspection and testing. A concise trade-off has to be performed for each potential use case to find out whether these high efforts and resulting costs are justified by the benefits of the new technology in terms of e.g. light weighting, ease of integration and performance improvement. The paper will introduce the OHB AM roadmap, which has been developed jointly by OHB experts from both sites in Bremen and Oberpfaffenhofen, following in-depth analysis of the potential impact of the technology on space systems. It will furthermore provide an overview of applications where AM is expected to offer extraordinary opportunities. Among these 'high-potential' applications are the two following topics: opto-mechanical assemblies (isostatic structures, optical mounts) and mechatronic systems (compliant mechanisms or integrated smart structures). The paper will report on the objectives and work logic of ongoing studies in these specific topics and provide intermediate results.
This study focused on advanced materials and manufacturing techniques which have a high potential... more This study focused on advanced materials and manufacturing techniques which have a high potential to be disruptive to the space sector. The aim of the study was an assessment of the impact that the materials and manufacturing techniques can have upon a satellite. The materials and manufacturing techniques which were researched are: o Metamaterials o 3D Printing o Additive Manufacturing o Carbon Nanotubes o Self-Healing Materials o Piezoelectric materials o Graphene o Metal Foams o Zeolite Crystals o Aerogels o Next generation CFRP
Abstract Within this article is an overview of the tools and mechanisms used by OHB System to man... more Abstract Within this article is an overview of the tools and mechanisms used by OHB System to manage technology developments both internally and with partners, together with practical examples of its application. It starts with an introduction to OHB System and a small history of its foundation. It will then provide an overview of the technology management practices adopted at OHB System and finally provide practical examples of their implementation.
ABSTRACT Only revolutionary concepts, out-of-the-box thinking and radical innovations have the ch... more ABSTRACT Only revolutionary concepts, out-of-the-box thinking and radical innovations have the chance to expand the frontiers of human exploration and exploitation of space. Disruptive Space Technologies (DSTs) is the collective name for technologies which contribute to this goal (also called game changing, cross cutting and radical space technologies). Within the space sector some DST candidates are visible, which can boost the performance of spacecraft applications and even establish new functions and mission options. Just some examples of possible these DSTs include; Additive Layer Manufacturing, Metal foams Electrodynamics tethers, Quantum communication, Electroactive Polymers, Aerographite, Quantum-Dot Solar cells. DLR has performed a study for ESA, analysing and identifying DSTs. Within this project, several factors were analysed which could indicate the potential for disruption and thus, function as success factors for space technologies. These indicators result from both literature research and an analysis of the space sector. The indicators are ranked according to the different macro-environmental factors of the STEP-Analysis (Social, Technical, Economic and Political).
ABSTRACT This TN reports on Work Package (WP) 2000 of the proposal, which is the Space System Ana... more ABSTRACT This TN reports on Work Package (WP) 2000 of the proposal, which is the Space System Analysis. The main purpose of this work package is a literature research and the description of the space segment. It fits within the overall research as the space system analysis part, highlighted in the overall structure of the research, depicted in Figure 1. In this figure, the second chapter documents upon the creation of the Theory of DSTs by exploration of the Innovation Theory and a Space Sector analysis. This theory will be used throughout the project but especially within the guidelines development part in TN02. The third chapter facilitates this research by providing a Spacecraft System Categorization which sets the technology search scope for the broadcast scan in TN02.
ABSTRACT This Technical Note (TN) documents on Work Package (WP) 5300, which is the Technology Ro... more ABSTRACT This Technical Note (TN) documents on Work Package (WP) 5300, which is the Technology Roadmapping part. Its main purpose is to roadmap the technologies with its different development steps (up to TRL 6) that resulted from the Disruptive Space Technology (DST) evaluation of TN04.
ABSTRACT This Technical Note (TN) documents on Work Package 4000, which is the Broadcast Scan. Th... more ABSTRACT This Technical Note (TN) documents on Work Package 4000, which is the Broadcast Scan. The aim of this work package is the creation of a search strategy, identify spin-in markets, scan for potential DSTs and perform a pre-selection for further evaluation. It fits within the overall research as the search strategy development part, highlighted in the overall structure of the research, depicted in Figure 1. In this figure, the second chapter covers the Search Method and Techniques Review part in which various technology search methods are reviewed and evaluated. The third chapter focusses on DST Market Identification, in which several external markets are investigated which are of high interest to the space sector. The fourth chapter involves the creation of a DST Search Strategy in which a strategy is devised to identify potential DSTs and store them into a custom designed database. The fifth chapter documents upon the pre-selection of the identified technologies, these criteria are based on the AHP method and the STEP-Criteria explained in TN02.
International Journal of Space Technology Management and Innovation, 2012
The theory of Disruptive Technologies explains the evolution of technologies that disturb the sta... more The theory of Disruptive Technologies explains the evolution of technologies that disturb the status quo of both dominant technology platforms and competitive market layouts. In this paper, the theory of Disruptive Technologies for the space sector is explored. This exploration is required because the Disruptive Technology theory is currently based upon the innovation dynamics of mass consumer markets, which are significantly different from the dynamics of the low volume, highly governmentally influenced space sector. The objective is to clarify the dynamics of innovation in space (with particular respect to technological disruptions) in order to help decision makers in their effort to support innovation in the development of space technologies. This is done by analyzing the dynamics of the space sector and the theory of Disruptive Technologies in respect to its applicability to the space sector. The result of these analyses leads to the creation of a theory that is tailored to the ...
This Technical Note (TN) documents on Work Package (WP) 5300, which is the Technology Roadmapping... more This Technical Note (TN) documents on Work Package (WP) 5300, which is the Technology Roadmapping part. Its main purpose is to roadmap the technologies with its different development steps (up to TRL 6) that resulted from the Disruptive Space Technology (DST) evaluation of TN04.
Tracking, assessing, and infusing innovative technology development into new systems is a challen... more Tracking, assessing, and infusing innovative technology development into new systems is a challenge for all high technology sectors. This challenge is especially present within the space sector, where governments are often the primary or sole customers, products are usually produced individually or in small batches, and there are relatively few opportunities to retire risk associated with new technologies. Because of this environment, space technologies often have longer timeframes between conception and realization when compared to equivalently complex terrestrial technologies—for example mechanical components in the automotive or aeronautical sectors, or instrumentation and control software. In addition, during the time it takes a space technology to mature, sev-eral R&D organizations may contribute to the development process; often these organizations are targeting dif-ferent applications, develop to different TRL levels and insufficiently share information about a technology. Th...
This TN reports on Work Package (WP) 2000 of the proposal, which is the Space System Analysis. Th... more This TN reports on Work Package (WP) 2000 of the proposal, which is the Space System Analysis. The main purpose of this work package is a literature research and the description of the space segment. It fits within the overall research as the space system analysis part, highlighted in the overall structure of the research, depicted in Figure 1. In this figure, the second chapter documents upon the creation of the Theory of DSTs by exploration of the Innovation Theory and a Space Sector analysis. This theory will be used throughout the project but especially within the guidelines development part in TN02. The third chapter facilitates this research by providing a Spacecraft System Categorization which sets the technology search scope for the broadcast scan in TN02.
Summary of the first part of the Year One of the DLR Advanced Sudy Group containing the following... more Summary of the first part of the Year One of the DLR Advanced Sudy Group containing the following topics: Post ISS, Greenhouse Module, Hydrostatically Elevated Launch Insertion Platform (HELIOS) and Antipodal Satellite Acceleration.
This paper identifies, analyses and appraises a range of technology evaluation methods for their ... more This paper identifies, analyses and appraises a range of technology evaluation methods for their applicability in evaluating space technologies concepts. Evaluation methods are mostly used to support and enhance decisions regarding investments in technology development projects. Examples of evaluation methods include: Delphi Method, S-Curve Extrapolation, Decision Trees, Analogy- and Patent Analysis and many others. The paper identifies methods which are most suitable for evaluating space technologies in order to improve investment decisions in the space sector. Investments in space technologies can be categorized according to a mission-focused (“pull”) and transformational (“push”) influenced decisions. Especially the push technology investments require a great deal of strategic planning, as their time horizon is longer than that of pull investments. Because of the presence of breakthrough innovations (also named Game Changing Technologies or Disruptive Space Technologies), the nee...
This Technical Note (TN) documents on Work Package 4000, which is the Broadcast Scan. The aim of ... more This Technical Note (TN) documents on Work Package 4000, which is the Broadcast Scan. The aim of this work package is the creation of a search strategy, identify spin-in markets, scan for potential DSTs and perform a pre-selection for further evaluation. It fits within the overall research as the search strategy development part, highlighted in the overall structure of the research, depicted in Figure 1. In this figure, the second chapter covers the Search Method and Techniques Review part in which various technology search methods are reviewed and evaluated. The third chapter focusses on DST Market Identification, in which several external markets are investigated which are of high interest to the space sector. The fourth chapter involves the creation of a DST Search Strategy in which a strategy is devised to identify potential DSTs and store them into a custom designed database. The fifth chapter documents upon the pre-selection of the identified technologies, these criteria are b...
This Technical Note (TN) documents on Work Package (WP) 5000 of Project 4000101818/10/NL/GLC. Its... more This Technical Note (TN) documents on Work Package (WP) 5000 of Project 4000101818/10/NL/GLC. Its main purpose is to evaluate the technologies that resulted from the Disruptive Space Technology (DST) search and pre-selection. It fits within the overall research as the DST Roadmapping part, highlighted in the overall structure of the research, depicted in Figure 1. In this figure, the second chapter covers explanation of the DST Evaluation Methodology. After implementation of the DST Evaluation, the third chapter presents the results. These chapters are elaborated in more detail below. The selected technologies are subjected to a roadmapping process in WP5300, which is documented upon in the final report.
Only revolutionary concepts, out-of-the-box thinking and radical innovations have the chance to e... more Only revolutionary concepts, out-of-the-box thinking and radical innovations have the chance to expand the frontiers of human exploration and exploitation of space. Disruptive Space Technologies (DSTs) is the collective name for technologies which contribute to this goal (also called game changing, cross cutting and radical space technologies). Within the space sector some DST candidates are visible, which can boost the performance of spacecraft applications and even establish new functions and mission options. Just some examples of possible these DSTs include; Additive Layer Manufacturing, Metal foams Electrodynamics tethers, Quantum communication, Electroactive Polymers, Aerographite, Quantum-Dot Solar cells. DLR has performed a study for ESA, analysing and identifying DSTs. Within this project, several factors were analysed which could indicate the potential for disruption and thus, function as success factors for space technologies. These indicators result from both literature r...
Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology has shown impressive new opportunities and convincing resu... more Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology has shown impressive new opportunities and convincing results over the last years, mainly in terrestrial applications. Today, it has proven to represent a completely new approach to shape complex mechanical parts, with enormous potential for optimization of dedicated parameters. Numerous possibilities shine up for the aerospace industry, among others, and let engineers dream of mechanical parts which only some years ago looked like science fiction. OHB System has been involved in the development of Additive Manufacturing since more than five years via several ESA studies, DLR-funded projects and by significant internal R&D activities. These projects and studies have convinced us of the potential of AM for future satellite platforms, instruments and payloads. A new dimension of freedom in generating shapes and geometries is opened, offering more flexibility for optimizing the parts and components according to functional and performance requirements. On the other hand, the efforts of qualifying an AM part to flight worthiness are significantly higher than for conventional manufacturing technologies, taking into account all the required aspects of material and production process control, inspection and testing. A concise trade-off has to be performed for each potential use case to find out whether these high efforts and resulting costs are justified by the benefits of the new technology in terms of e.g. light weighting, ease of integration and performance improvement. The paper will introduce the OHB AM roadmap, which has been developed jointly by OHB experts from both sites in Bremen and Oberpfaffenhofen, following in-depth analysis of the potential impact of the technology on space systems. It will furthermore provide an overview of applications where AM is expected to offer extraordinary opportunities. Among these 'high-potential' applications are the two following topics: opto-mechanical assemblies (isostatic structures, optical mounts) and mechatronic systems (compliant mechanisms or integrated smart structures). The paper will report on the objectives and work logic of ongoing studies in these specific topics and provide intermediate results.
This study focused on advanced materials and manufacturing techniques which have a high potential... more This study focused on advanced materials and manufacturing techniques which have a high potential to be disruptive to the space sector. The aim of the study was an assessment of the impact that the materials and manufacturing techniques can have upon a satellite. The materials and manufacturing techniques which were researched are: o Metamaterials o 3D Printing o Additive Manufacturing o Carbon Nanotubes o Self-Healing Materials o Piezoelectric materials o Graphene o Metal Foams o Zeolite Crystals o Aerogels o Next generation CFRP
Abstract Within this article is an overview of the tools and mechanisms used by OHB System to man... more Abstract Within this article is an overview of the tools and mechanisms used by OHB System to manage technology developments both internally and with partners, together with practical examples of its application. It starts with an introduction to OHB System and a small history of its foundation. It will then provide an overview of the technology management practices adopted at OHB System and finally provide practical examples of their implementation.
ABSTRACT Only revolutionary concepts, out-of-the-box thinking and radical innovations have the ch... more ABSTRACT Only revolutionary concepts, out-of-the-box thinking and radical innovations have the chance to expand the frontiers of human exploration and exploitation of space. Disruptive Space Technologies (DSTs) is the collective name for technologies which contribute to this goal (also called game changing, cross cutting and radical space technologies). Within the space sector some DST candidates are visible, which can boost the performance of spacecraft applications and even establish new functions and mission options. Just some examples of possible these DSTs include; Additive Layer Manufacturing, Metal foams Electrodynamics tethers, Quantum communication, Electroactive Polymers, Aerographite, Quantum-Dot Solar cells. DLR has performed a study for ESA, analysing and identifying DSTs. Within this project, several factors were analysed which could indicate the potential for disruption and thus, function as success factors for space technologies. These indicators result from both literature research and an analysis of the space sector. The indicators are ranked according to the different macro-environmental factors of the STEP-Analysis (Social, Technical, Economic and Political).
ABSTRACT This TN reports on Work Package (WP) 2000 of the proposal, which is the Space System Ana... more ABSTRACT This TN reports on Work Package (WP) 2000 of the proposal, which is the Space System Analysis. The main purpose of this work package is a literature research and the description of the space segment. It fits within the overall research as the space system analysis part, highlighted in the overall structure of the research, depicted in Figure 1. In this figure, the second chapter documents upon the creation of the Theory of DSTs by exploration of the Innovation Theory and a Space Sector analysis. This theory will be used throughout the project but especially within the guidelines development part in TN02. The third chapter facilitates this research by providing a Spacecraft System Categorization which sets the technology search scope for the broadcast scan in TN02.
ABSTRACT This Technical Note (TN) documents on Work Package (WP) 5300, which is the Technology Ro... more ABSTRACT This Technical Note (TN) documents on Work Package (WP) 5300, which is the Technology Roadmapping part. Its main purpose is to roadmap the technologies with its different development steps (up to TRL 6) that resulted from the Disruptive Space Technology (DST) evaluation of TN04.
ABSTRACT This Technical Note (TN) documents on Work Package 4000, which is the Broadcast Scan. Th... more ABSTRACT This Technical Note (TN) documents on Work Package 4000, which is the Broadcast Scan. The aim of this work package is the creation of a search strategy, identify spin-in markets, scan for potential DSTs and perform a pre-selection for further evaluation. It fits within the overall research as the search strategy development part, highlighted in the overall structure of the research, depicted in Figure 1. In this figure, the second chapter covers the Search Method and Techniques Review part in which various technology search methods are reviewed and evaluated. The third chapter focusses on DST Market Identification, in which several external markets are investigated which are of high interest to the space sector. The fourth chapter involves the creation of a DST Search Strategy in which a strategy is devised to identify potential DSTs and store them into a custom designed database. The fifth chapter documents upon the pre-selection of the identified technologies, these criteria are based on the AHP method and the STEP-Criteria explained in TN02.
International Journal of Space Technology Management and Innovation, 2012
The theory of Disruptive Technologies explains the evolution of technologies that disturb the sta... more The theory of Disruptive Technologies explains the evolution of technologies that disturb the status quo of both dominant technology platforms and competitive market layouts. In this paper, the theory of Disruptive Technologies for the space sector is explored. This exploration is required because the Disruptive Technology theory is currently based upon the innovation dynamics of mass consumer markets, which are significantly different from the dynamics of the low volume, highly governmentally influenced space sector. The objective is to clarify the dynamics of innovation in space (with particular respect to technological disruptions) in order to help decision makers in their effort to support innovation in the development of space technologies. This is done by analyzing the dynamics of the space sector and the theory of Disruptive Technologies in respect to its applicability to the space sector. The result of these analyses leads to the creation of a theory that is tailored to the ...
This Technical Note (TN) documents on Work Package (WP) 5300, which is the Technology Roadmapping... more This Technical Note (TN) documents on Work Package (WP) 5300, which is the Technology Roadmapping part. Its main purpose is to roadmap the technologies with its different development steps (up to TRL 6) that resulted from the Disruptive Space Technology (DST) evaluation of TN04.
Tracking, assessing, and infusing innovative technology development into new systems is a challen... more Tracking, assessing, and infusing innovative technology development into new systems is a challenge for all high technology sectors. This challenge is especially present within the space sector, where governments are often the primary or sole customers, products are usually produced individually or in small batches, and there are relatively few opportunities to retire risk associated with new technologies. Because of this environment, space technologies often have longer timeframes between conception and realization when compared to equivalently complex terrestrial technologies—for example mechanical components in the automotive or aeronautical sectors, or instrumentation and control software. In addition, during the time it takes a space technology to mature, sev-eral R&D organizations may contribute to the development process; often these organizations are targeting dif-ferent applications, develop to different TRL levels and insufficiently share information about a technology. Th...
This TN reports on Work Package (WP) 2000 of the proposal, which is the Space System Analysis. Th... more This TN reports on Work Package (WP) 2000 of the proposal, which is the Space System Analysis. The main purpose of this work package is a literature research and the description of the space segment. It fits within the overall research as the space system analysis part, highlighted in the overall structure of the research, depicted in Figure 1. In this figure, the second chapter documents upon the creation of the Theory of DSTs by exploration of the Innovation Theory and a Space Sector analysis. This theory will be used throughout the project but especially within the guidelines development part in TN02. The third chapter facilitates this research by providing a Spacecraft System Categorization which sets the technology search scope for the broadcast scan in TN02.
Summary of the first part of the Year One of the DLR Advanced Sudy Group containing the following... more Summary of the first part of the Year One of the DLR Advanced Sudy Group containing the following topics: Post ISS, Greenhouse Module, Hydrostatically Elevated Launch Insertion Platform (HELIOS) and Antipodal Satellite Acceleration.
This paper identifies, analyses and appraises a range of technology evaluation methods for their ... more This paper identifies, analyses and appraises a range of technology evaluation methods for their applicability in evaluating space technologies concepts. Evaluation methods are mostly used to support and enhance decisions regarding investments in technology development projects. Examples of evaluation methods include: Delphi Method, S-Curve Extrapolation, Decision Trees, Analogy- and Patent Analysis and many others. The paper identifies methods which are most suitable for evaluating space technologies in order to improve investment decisions in the space sector. Investments in space technologies can be categorized according to a mission-focused (“pull”) and transformational (“push”) influenced decisions. Especially the push technology investments require a great deal of strategic planning, as their time horizon is longer than that of pull investments. Because of the presence of breakthrough innovations (also named Game Changing Technologies or Disruptive Space Technologies), the nee...
This Technical Note (TN) documents on Work Package 4000, which is the Broadcast Scan. The aim of ... more This Technical Note (TN) documents on Work Package 4000, which is the Broadcast Scan. The aim of this work package is the creation of a search strategy, identify spin-in markets, scan for potential DSTs and perform a pre-selection for further evaluation. It fits within the overall research as the search strategy development part, highlighted in the overall structure of the research, depicted in Figure 1. In this figure, the second chapter covers the Search Method and Techniques Review part in which various technology search methods are reviewed and evaluated. The third chapter focusses on DST Market Identification, in which several external markets are investigated which are of high interest to the space sector. The fourth chapter involves the creation of a DST Search Strategy in which a strategy is devised to identify potential DSTs and store them into a custom designed database. The fifth chapter documents upon the pre-selection of the identified technologies, these criteria are b...
This Technical Note (TN) documents on Work Package (WP) 5000 of Project 4000101818/10/NL/GLC. Its... more This Technical Note (TN) documents on Work Package (WP) 5000 of Project 4000101818/10/NL/GLC. Its main purpose is to evaluate the technologies that resulted from the Disruptive Space Technology (DST) search and pre-selection. It fits within the overall research as the DST Roadmapping part, highlighted in the overall structure of the research, depicted in Figure 1. In this figure, the second chapter covers explanation of the DST Evaluation Methodology. After implementation of the DST Evaluation, the third chapter presents the results. These chapters are elaborated in more detail below. The selected technologies are subjected to a roadmapping process in WP5300, which is documented upon in the final report.
Only revolutionary concepts, out-of-the-box thinking and radical innovations have the chance to e... more Only revolutionary concepts, out-of-the-box thinking and radical innovations have the chance to expand the frontiers of human exploration and exploitation of space. Disruptive Space Technologies (DSTs) is the collective name for technologies which contribute to this goal (also called game changing, cross cutting and radical space technologies). Within the space sector some DST candidates are visible, which can boost the performance of spacecraft applications and even establish new functions and mission options. Just some examples of possible these DSTs include; Additive Layer Manufacturing, Metal foams Electrodynamics tethers, Quantum communication, Electroactive Polymers, Aerographite, Quantum-Dot Solar cells. DLR has performed a study for ESA, analysing and identifying DSTs. Within this project, several factors were analysed which could indicate the potential for disruption and thus, function as success factors for space technologies. These indicators result from both literature r...
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