The generation of definitive endoderm (DE) from Pluripotent Stem Cells (PSCs) is a fundamental st... more The generation of definitive endoderm (DE) from Pluripotent Stem Cells (PSCs) is a fundamental stage in the formation of highly organized visceral organs, such as the liver and pancreas. Currently, there is a need for a comprehensive study that illustrates the involvement of different signaling pathways and their interactions in the derivation of DE cells from PSCs. This study aimed to identify signaling pathways that have the greatest influence on DE formation using analyses of transcriptional profiles, protein-protein interactions, protein-DNA interactions, and protein localization data. Using this approach, signaling networks involved in DE formation were constructed using systems biology and data mining tools, and the validity of the predicted networks was confirmed experimentally by measuring the mRNA levels of hub genes in several PSCs-derived DE cell lines. Based on our analyses, seven signaling pathways including the BMP, ERK1-ERK2, FGF, TGF-beta, MAPK, Wnt and PIP signaling pathways and their interactions, were found to play a role in the derivation of DE cells from PSCs. Lastly, the core gene regulatory network governing this differentiation process was constructed. The results of this study could improve our understanding surrounding the efficient generation of DE cells for the regeneration of visceral organs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Many bacterial pathogens use quorum-sensing (QS) signaling to regulate the expression of factors ... more Many bacterial pathogens use quorum-sensing (QS) signaling to regulate the expression of factors contributing to virulence and persistence. Bacteria produce signals of different chemical classes. The signal molecule, known as diffusible signal factor (DSF), is a cis-unsaturated fatty acid that was first described in the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris. Previous works have shown that human pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, also synthesizes a structurally related molecule, characterized as cis-2-decenoic acid (C10: Δ(2), CDA) that induces biofilm dispersal by multiple types of bacteria. Furthermore, CDA has been shown to be involved in inter-kingdom signaling that modulates fungal behavior. Therefore, an understanding of its signaling mechanism could suggest strategies for interference, with consequences for disease control. To identify the components of CDA signaling pathway in this pathogen, a comparative transcritpome analysis was conducted, in the presence and absence of CDA. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for differentially expressed (DE) genes with known function was then constructed by STRING and Cytoscape. In addition, the effects of CDA in combination with antimicrobial agents on the biofilm surface area and bacteria viability were evaluated using fluorescence microscopy and digital image analysis. Microarray analysis identified 666 differentially expressed genes in the presence of CDA and gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that in P. aeruginosa, CDA mediates dispersion of biofilms through signaling pathways, including enhanced motility, metabolic activity, virulence as well as persistence at different temperatures. PPI data suggested that a cluster of five genes (PA4978, PA4979, PA4980, PA4982, PA4983) is involved in the CDA synthesis and perception. Combined treatments using both CDA and antimicrobial agents showed that following exposure of the biofilms to CDA, remaining cells on the surface were easily removed and killed by antimicrobials.
Numerous transcription factors (TFs) have been suggested to have a role in Mycobacterium tubercul... more Numerous transcription factors (TFs) have been suggested to have a role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection; however, the TFs involved in the early immune response of lung cells remains to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to identify TFs which may have a role in the early immune response to tuberculosis and the gene regulatory networks in which they are involved. Gene expression data obtained from microarray analysis of the early lung immune response to tuberculosis (Gene Expression Omnibus; accession no. GSE23014) was integrated with data for TF binding sites and protein-protein interactions in order to construct a TF regulatory network. The role of TFs in protein complexes, active modules, topology of the network and regulation of immune processes were investigated. The results demonstrated that the constructed gene regulatory network harbored 1,270 differentially expressed (DE) genes with 4,070 regulatory and protein-protein interactions. In addition, it was revealed that 17 DE TFs were involved in the positive regulation of numerous immunological and biological processes, including T cell activation, T cell proliferation and tuberculosis-associated gene expression, in the constructed regulatory network. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4, interferon regulatory factor 8, spleen focus-forming virus proviral integration 1, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 and kruppel-like factor 4 were predicted to be the primary TFs regulating the DE genes during early lung infection by M. tuberculosis, as determined through various analyses of the gene regulatory network. In conclusion, the present study identified novel TFs involved in the early response to M. tuberculosis infection, which may enhance current understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying tuberculosis infection and introduced potential targets for novel tuberculosis therapies.
تراکتور یکی از پرکاربردترین ماشینهای کشاورزی است، بنابراین لزوم توجه به این وسیله از جنبههای مخ... more تراکتور یکی از پرکاربردترین ماشینهای کشاورزی است، بنابراین لزوم توجه به این وسیله از جنبههای مختلف ضروری است. لزوم استفاده مکرر از پدال ترمز و کلاچ و فرمان تراکتور در زمینهای خرده مالکی کشاورزی و همچنین شرایط نامناسب کاری سبب میشود راننده تراکتور در وضعیت نسبتاً نامناسبی از نظر سلامت شغلی قرار گیرد. در این مطالعه میانگین تعداد کلاچگیری راننده تراکتور در شرایط مناسب کاری در زمینی به مساحت یک هکتار 25 بار به دست آمد. میانگین نیروی مورد نیاز برای کلاچگیری تراکتورهای نو MF285 و MF399 به ترتیب 340 و 290 نیوتن و تراکتورهای کارکرده مشابه به ترتیب 470 و 387 نیوتن محاسبه شد بررسیها روی سه عضله گاستروکینیموس، تراپزیوس و کوادراتوس لومباروم نشان داد که عضله کوادراتوس لومباروم بیشترین تنش را در هنگام کلاچگیری راننده متحمل میشود. برای کاهش نیروی مورد نیاز کلاچگیری تراکتورMF285 به شرکت سازنده پیشنهاد میشود، اقداماتی نظیر افزودن سه سانتیمتر به قطعه چدنی اهرم میل کلاچ و ساختن پین محور پدال از جنس چدن ریختهگری انجام شود. همچنین برای بهبود وضعیت ارگونومیک سامانه کلاچگیری تراکتور MF399 ...
The catheterized urinary tract provides ideal conditions for the development of biofilm populatio... more The catheterized urinary tract provides ideal conditions for the development of biofilm populations. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are recalcitrant to existing antimicrobial treatments; therefore, established biofilms are not eradicated completely after treatment and surviving biofilm cells will carry on the infection. Cis-2-decenoic acid (CDA), an unsaturated fatty acid, is capable of inhibiting biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and of inducing the dispersion of established biofilms by multiple types of micro-organisms. Here, the ability of CDA to induce dispersal in pre-established single- and dual-species biofilms formed by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was measured by using both semi-batch and continuous cultures bioassays. Removal of the biofilms by combined CDA and antibiotics (ciprofloxacin or ampicillin) was evaluated using microtitre plate assays (crystal violet staining). The c.f.u. counts were determined to assess the potenti...
ABSTRACT Reverse genetics in Arabidopsis, using knock out lines or gene suppression techniques su... more ABSTRACT Reverse genetics in Arabidopsis, using knock out lines or gene suppression techniques such as RNAi, is a powerful tool for plant functional genomics. However, phenotypes are often in one of two classes. Plants either show no visible phenotype (either due to gene redundancy or subtle changes in plant function) or show gross morphological effects which are difficult to quantify. A useful phenotypic screen for the study of such plant material is growth analysis. The classical, destructive method involves tissue harvesting and estimation of different plant physical parameters such as leaf area and weight at regular intervals. This method is time consuming and because of its destructive nature, is not amenable to continuous high throughput monitoring of growth when only small populations of plants are available. An alternative method is the use of non invasive techniques based in image recording and software analyses that allows for periodical sampling in a non destructive way. Here we report the use of non-destructive imaging of plant growth and photosynthetic performance to study mutants altered in both primary metabolism and in genes of no known function and highlight the potential of phenomic screening for agricultural traits.
2010 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine Workshops (BIBMW), 2010
ABSTRACT Many studies revealed that different amino acids have different preferences for taking p... more ABSTRACT Many studies revealed that different amino acids have different preferences for taking part in alpha helices and beta sheets conformations. Different substitution matrices have been prepared to compare the proteins' secondary and tertiary structures. Unfortunately, in many cases these matrices are unable to produce reliable results, due to the complexity of these conformations. In this work, following dissection of beta sheets with different size, the amino acids compositions of each position in each class of beta sheets were extracted and compared. The amino acid contents of the same position in different beta sheets were also compared. Our results indicate great differences in amino acid contents between beta sheets with different size. Individual substitution matrices might be required in order to do alignment and comparison studies for different types of beta sheets. These results might also imply alternative evolutionary route for beta sheets with different size; longer beta sheets could be a result of merging the smaller one together in different combinations, rather than simple expansion of the smaller sheets. Based on these findings hopefully we would be able to propose an improved substitution matrix (possibly more than one) that could be used for all secondary structures, regardless of their size.
The recent exponential increase in the number of next generation sequencing studies provides a ne... more The recent exponential increase in the number of next generation sequencing studies provides a new source of data for the discovery of functional genomics based markers. The RNA-seq and small RNA-seq provide a new source for the discovery of differentially expressed SSRs (simple sequence repeats) as biomarkers in various diseases. In the present study, for the first time, we applied RNA-seq SSR to find new biomarkers for pancreatic cancer (PC) diagnosis. Analysis of RNA-seq data revealed a significant alternation in the frequency of SSR motifs during cancer progression. In particular, RNA-seq SSR showed an increase in the frequencies of GCC/GGC and GCG/CGC motifs in PC samples compared to healthy pancreas. These findings were further confirmed using meta-analysis of EST-SSR data in 11 different cancers. Interestingly, the genes containing GCC/GGC and GCG/CGC motifs in their sequences were involved in many cancer-related biological processes, particularly regulation processes. The small RNA-seq data were also mined for the conserved patterns in SSR frequencies (sRNA-seq SSR) during cancer progression. Based on the results, we suggest the potential use of GCC/GGC and GCG/CGC motifs as biomarkers in PC. Based on the findings of this study, it seems that RNA-seq SSR and sRNA-seq SSR could open a new paradigm in the diagnostic and even therapeutic strategies for PC along the other types of cancers.
Numerous epidemiological studies have suggested effectiveness of long-term and regular use of non... more Numerous epidemiological studies have suggested effectiveness of long-term and regular use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen and aspirin, in preventing and treatment of certain cancers including prostate, colon, breast, lung, and gastric cancers. We have studied the potential anti-turmeric effect of ibuprofen in adenocarcinoma gastric cell line (AGS). The effects of ibuprofen were investigated on cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and expression of stemness marker genes using real-time RT-PCR, DNA laddering, and tube formation assays via ECM gel and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Annexin-V-FLUOS and propidium iodide (PI) were used to stain the apoptotic cells. Our findings indicate that ibuprofen at the concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 μM is able to reduce the cancerous characteristics of the AGS cells by inducing apoptosis, inhibition of cell proliferation, and angiogenesis. Real-time RT-PCR showed that ibuprofen altered the expression of several genes including Akt, P53, PCNA, Bax, and Bcl2 in the AGS cells. In addition, reduction in CD44 and OCT3/4 transcript levels revealed that ibuprofen reduces the stemness of the AGS cells and therefore it could be used as a potential anti-tumor drug.
The aim of this study was to identify the gene expression profile in biopsies of patients with ce... more The aim of this study was to identify the gene expression profile in biopsies of patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, CIN 2, CIN 3, and microinvasive cancer by suppression subtractive hybridization and Southern blotting. After analyzing 1,800 cDNA clones, we found 198 upregulated genes, 166 downregulated, and no significant change of gene expression in 86 clones (p = 0.005). These results were validated by Northern blot analysis (p = 0.0001) in the identification of 28 overexpressed and 7 downregulated transcripts. We observed a set of genes related to the Notch signaling pathway that may be involved in the transformation of cervical cells and in the development to malignancy. The differentially expressed genes may provide useful information about the molecular mechanisms involved in human cervical carcinoma and as diagnostic markers.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this investigation was to use ficin-tenderized meat and cysteine-modifie... more ABSTRACT: The purpose of this investigation was to use ficin-tenderized meat and cysteine-modified soy pro-teins in the production of bologna and to evaluate the effect of these modifications on water-holding capacity (WHC), emulsion stability (ES), texture, and ...
The generation of definitive endoderm (DE) from Pluripotent Stem Cells (PSCs) is a fundamental st... more The generation of definitive endoderm (DE) from Pluripotent Stem Cells (PSCs) is a fundamental stage in the formation of highly organized visceral organs, such as the liver and pancreas. Currently, there is a need for a comprehensive study that illustrates the involvement of different signaling pathways and their interactions in the derivation of DE cells from PSCs. This study aimed to identify signaling pathways that have the greatest influence on DE formation using analyses of transcriptional profiles, protein-protein interactions, protein-DNA interactions, and protein localization data. Using this approach, signaling networks involved in DE formation were constructed using systems biology and data mining tools, and the validity of the predicted networks was confirmed experimentally by measuring the mRNA levels of hub genes in several PSCs-derived DE cell lines. Based on our analyses, seven signaling pathways including the BMP, ERK1-ERK2, FGF, TGF-beta, MAPK, Wnt and PIP signaling pathways and their interactions, were found to play a role in the derivation of DE cells from PSCs. Lastly, the core gene regulatory network governing this differentiation process was constructed. The results of this study could improve our understanding surrounding the efficient generation of DE cells for the regeneration of visceral organs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Many bacterial pathogens use quorum-sensing (QS) signaling to regulate the expression of factors ... more Many bacterial pathogens use quorum-sensing (QS) signaling to regulate the expression of factors contributing to virulence and persistence. Bacteria produce signals of different chemical classes. The signal molecule, known as diffusible signal factor (DSF), is a cis-unsaturated fatty acid that was first described in the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris. Previous works have shown that human pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, also synthesizes a structurally related molecule, characterized as cis-2-decenoic acid (C10: Δ(2), CDA) that induces biofilm dispersal by multiple types of bacteria. Furthermore, CDA has been shown to be involved in inter-kingdom signaling that modulates fungal behavior. Therefore, an understanding of its signaling mechanism could suggest strategies for interference, with consequences for disease control. To identify the components of CDA signaling pathway in this pathogen, a comparative transcritpome analysis was conducted, in the presence and absence of CDA. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for differentially expressed (DE) genes with known function was then constructed by STRING and Cytoscape. In addition, the effects of CDA in combination with antimicrobial agents on the biofilm surface area and bacteria viability were evaluated using fluorescence microscopy and digital image analysis. Microarray analysis identified 666 differentially expressed genes in the presence of CDA and gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that in P. aeruginosa, CDA mediates dispersion of biofilms through signaling pathways, including enhanced motility, metabolic activity, virulence as well as persistence at different temperatures. PPI data suggested that a cluster of five genes (PA4978, PA4979, PA4980, PA4982, PA4983) is involved in the CDA synthesis and perception. Combined treatments using both CDA and antimicrobial agents showed that following exposure of the biofilms to CDA, remaining cells on the surface were easily removed and killed by antimicrobials.
Numerous transcription factors (TFs) have been suggested to have a role in Mycobacterium tubercul... more Numerous transcription factors (TFs) have been suggested to have a role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection; however, the TFs involved in the early immune response of lung cells remains to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to identify TFs which may have a role in the early immune response to tuberculosis and the gene regulatory networks in which they are involved. Gene expression data obtained from microarray analysis of the early lung immune response to tuberculosis (Gene Expression Omnibus; accession no. GSE23014) was integrated with data for TF binding sites and protein-protein interactions in order to construct a TF regulatory network. The role of TFs in protein complexes, active modules, topology of the network and regulation of immune processes were investigated. The results demonstrated that the constructed gene regulatory network harbored 1,270 differentially expressed (DE) genes with 4,070 regulatory and protein-protein interactions. In addition, it was revealed that 17 DE TFs were involved in the positive regulation of numerous immunological and biological processes, including T cell activation, T cell proliferation and tuberculosis-associated gene expression, in the constructed regulatory network. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4, interferon regulatory factor 8, spleen focus-forming virus proviral integration 1, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 and kruppel-like factor 4 were predicted to be the primary TFs regulating the DE genes during early lung infection by M. tuberculosis, as determined through various analyses of the gene regulatory network. In conclusion, the present study identified novel TFs involved in the early response to M. tuberculosis infection, which may enhance current understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying tuberculosis infection and introduced potential targets for novel tuberculosis therapies.
تراکتور یکی از پرکاربردترین ماشینهای کشاورزی است، بنابراین لزوم توجه به این وسیله از جنبههای مخ... more تراکتور یکی از پرکاربردترین ماشینهای کشاورزی است، بنابراین لزوم توجه به این وسیله از جنبههای مختلف ضروری است. لزوم استفاده مکرر از پدال ترمز و کلاچ و فرمان تراکتور در زمینهای خرده مالکی کشاورزی و همچنین شرایط نامناسب کاری سبب میشود راننده تراکتور در وضعیت نسبتاً نامناسبی از نظر سلامت شغلی قرار گیرد. در این مطالعه میانگین تعداد کلاچگیری راننده تراکتور در شرایط مناسب کاری در زمینی به مساحت یک هکتار 25 بار به دست آمد. میانگین نیروی مورد نیاز برای کلاچگیری تراکتورهای نو MF285 و MF399 به ترتیب 340 و 290 نیوتن و تراکتورهای کارکرده مشابه به ترتیب 470 و 387 نیوتن محاسبه شد بررسیها روی سه عضله گاستروکینیموس، تراپزیوس و کوادراتوس لومباروم نشان داد که عضله کوادراتوس لومباروم بیشترین تنش را در هنگام کلاچگیری راننده متحمل میشود. برای کاهش نیروی مورد نیاز کلاچگیری تراکتورMF285 به شرکت سازنده پیشنهاد میشود، اقداماتی نظیر افزودن سه سانتیمتر به قطعه چدنی اهرم میل کلاچ و ساختن پین محور پدال از جنس چدن ریختهگری انجام شود. همچنین برای بهبود وضعیت ارگونومیک سامانه کلاچگیری تراکتور MF399 ...
The catheterized urinary tract provides ideal conditions for the development of biofilm populatio... more The catheterized urinary tract provides ideal conditions for the development of biofilm populations. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are recalcitrant to existing antimicrobial treatments; therefore, established biofilms are not eradicated completely after treatment and surviving biofilm cells will carry on the infection. Cis-2-decenoic acid (CDA), an unsaturated fatty acid, is capable of inhibiting biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and of inducing the dispersion of established biofilms by multiple types of micro-organisms. Here, the ability of CDA to induce dispersal in pre-established single- and dual-species biofilms formed by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was measured by using both semi-batch and continuous cultures bioassays. Removal of the biofilms by combined CDA and antibiotics (ciprofloxacin or ampicillin) was evaluated using microtitre plate assays (crystal violet staining). The c.f.u. counts were determined to assess the potenti...
ABSTRACT Reverse genetics in Arabidopsis, using knock out lines or gene suppression techniques su... more ABSTRACT Reverse genetics in Arabidopsis, using knock out lines or gene suppression techniques such as RNAi, is a powerful tool for plant functional genomics. However, phenotypes are often in one of two classes. Plants either show no visible phenotype (either due to gene redundancy or subtle changes in plant function) or show gross morphological effects which are difficult to quantify. A useful phenotypic screen for the study of such plant material is growth analysis. The classical, destructive method involves tissue harvesting and estimation of different plant physical parameters such as leaf area and weight at regular intervals. This method is time consuming and because of its destructive nature, is not amenable to continuous high throughput monitoring of growth when only small populations of plants are available. An alternative method is the use of non invasive techniques based in image recording and software analyses that allows for periodical sampling in a non destructive way. Here we report the use of non-destructive imaging of plant growth and photosynthetic performance to study mutants altered in both primary metabolism and in genes of no known function and highlight the potential of phenomic screening for agricultural traits.
2010 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine Workshops (BIBMW), 2010
ABSTRACT Many studies revealed that different amino acids have different preferences for taking p... more ABSTRACT Many studies revealed that different amino acids have different preferences for taking part in alpha helices and beta sheets conformations. Different substitution matrices have been prepared to compare the proteins' secondary and tertiary structures. Unfortunately, in many cases these matrices are unable to produce reliable results, due to the complexity of these conformations. In this work, following dissection of beta sheets with different size, the amino acids compositions of each position in each class of beta sheets were extracted and compared. The amino acid contents of the same position in different beta sheets were also compared. Our results indicate great differences in amino acid contents between beta sheets with different size. Individual substitution matrices might be required in order to do alignment and comparison studies for different types of beta sheets. These results might also imply alternative evolutionary route for beta sheets with different size; longer beta sheets could be a result of merging the smaller one together in different combinations, rather than simple expansion of the smaller sheets. Based on these findings hopefully we would be able to propose an improved substitution matrix (possibly more than one) that could be used for all secondary structures, regardless of their size.
The recent exponential increase in the number of next generation sequencing studies provides a ne... more The recent exponential increase in the number of next generation sequencing studies provides a new source of data for the discovery of functional genomics based markers. The RNA-seq and small RNA-seq provide a new source for the discovery of differentially expressed SSRs (simple sequence repeats) as biomarkers in various diseases. In the present study, for the first time, we applied RNA-seq SSR to find new biomarkers for pancreatic cancer (PC) diagnosis. Analysis of RNA-seq data revealed a significant alternation in the frequency of SSR motifs during cancer progression. In particular, RNA-seq SSR showed an increase in the frequencies of GCC/GGC and GCG/CGC motifs in PC samples compared to healthy pancreas. These findings were further confirmed using meta-analysis of EST-SSR data in 11 different cancers. Interestingly, the genes containing GCC/GGC and GCG/CGC motifs in their sequences were involved in many cancer-related biological processes, particularly regulation processes. The small RNA-seq data were also mined for the conserved patterns in SSR frequencies (sRNA-seq SSR) during cancer progression. Based on the results, we suggest the potential use of GCC/GGC and GCG/CGC motifs as biomarkers in PC. Based on the findings of this study, it seems that RNA-seq SSR and sRNA-seq SSR could open a new paradigm in the diagnostic and even therapeutic strategies for PC along the other types of cancers.
Numerous epidemiological studies have suggested effectiveness of long-term and regular use of non... more Numerous epidemiological studies have suggested effectiveness of long-term and regular use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen and aspirin, in preventing and treatment of certain cancers including prostate, colon, breast, lung, and gastric cancers. We have studied the potential anti-turmeric effect of ibuprofen in adenocarcinoma gastric cell line (AGS). The effects of ibuprofen were investigated on cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and expression of stemness marker genes using real-time RT-PCR, DNA laddering, and tube formation assays via ECM gel and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Annexin-V-FLUOS and propidium iodide (PI) were used to stain the apoptotic cells. Our findings indicate that ibuprofen at the concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 μM is able to reduce the cancerous characteristics of the AGS cells by inducing apoptosis, inhibition of cell proliferation, and angiogenesis. Real-time RT-PCR showed that ibuprofen altered the expression of several genes including Akt, P53, PCNA, Bax, and Bcl2 in the AGS cells. In addition, reduction in CD44 and OCT3/4 transcript levels revealed that ibuprofen reduces the stemness of the AGS cells and therefore it could be used as a potential anti-tumor drug.
The aim of this study was to identify the gene expression profile in biopsies of patients with ce... more The aim of this study was to identify the gene expression profile in biopsies of patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, CIN 2, CIN 3, and microinvasive cancer by suppression subtractive hybridization and Southern blotting. After analyzing 1,800 cDNA clones, we found 198 upregulated genes, 166 downregulated, and no significant change of gene expression in 86 clones (p = 0.005). These results were validated by Northern blot analysis (p = 0.0001) in the identification of 28 overexpressed and 7 downregulated transcripts. We observed a set of genes related to the Notch signaling pathway that may be involved in the transformation of cervical cells and in the development to malignancy. The differentially expressed genes may provide useful information about the molecular mechanisms involved in human cervical carcinoma and as diagnostic markers.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this investigation was to use ficin-tenderized meat and cysteine-modifie... more ABSTRACT: The purpose of this investigation was to use ficin-tenderized meat and cysteine-modified soy pro-teins in the production of bologna and to evaluate the effect of these modifications on water-holding capacity (WHC), emulsion stability (ES), texture, and ...
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Papers by Hossein Fallahi