Waste animal fat is considered a promising cheap alternative feedstock for biodiesel production t... more Waste animal fat is considered a promising cheap alternative feedstock for biodiesel production that does not compete with food items. The objective of the study was to utilize waste animal fat (beef & mutton) for biodiesel production using different catalysts (Na, NaOH& KOH). Oil extracted from beef and mutton fat was analyzed by Gas Layer Chromatography for its fatty acids composition. Both mutton and beef fat showed 50-93% conversion rate of oil to biodiesel with 3:1 methanol to oil molar ratio with addition of 1% by weight of different catalysts (Na, NaOH& KOH) at 60oC. Transesterification of animal fat with KOH catalyst produced biodiesel of high quality with good conversion rate. Biodiesel produced after transesterification reaction was analyzed for flash point <145oC each, kinematic viscosity 2.74 & 2.59cSt, density 0.88 & 0.87kg/L, pour point 59oF & 57.2oF, calorific value 11568.7 & 10907.4BTU/lb and water content 0.03 & 0.04%vol for mutton and beef respectively. Properti...
In developing countries like Pakistan wastewater treatment is not a primary focus but due to its ... more In developing countries like Pakistan wastewater treatment is not a primary focus but due to its toxic affects the need for wastewater treatment is increasing day by day. Discharge of wastewater (containing heavy metals) without treatment leads to the damage to all functions of ecosystem. The present study is the continuation of previous work. Previously plant based activated carbons were prepared and used for the removal of COD and color and show removal efficiency of 93% and 100%, respectively. In the present study the same activated carbons are used for the removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater. Activated carbons were prepared from saw dust of Dalbergia sissoo, Cedrus deodara and Eucalyptus spp., using H3PO4, H2SO4 and BaCl2 as activating agents. These raw materials are of low cost and exhibit greater efficiency for Cr(VI) removal. Statistical analysis revealed that all the three saw dusts and activating agents differ significantly in their physiochemical parameters. The efficiency o...
Water samples were collected from 18 sampling sites including the three hospitals their Municipal... more Water samples were collected from 18 sampling sites including the three hospitals their Municipal Wastewater (MWW) drains receiving the hospital sewage and from the river Ravi. The occurrence and fate of ofloxacin (OFLX) and resistance of Vibrio cholerae due to the presence of OFLX was studied. It was found that 16 out of 18 sites were contaminated by the antibiotic. Highest concentration was observed in hospital wastewater (HWW) ranged from 7.31 to 39.13 μg/L and amount of OFLX in the municipal wastewater before mixing the hospital sewage was 0.26 to 0.43 μg/L and after mixing it raised up to 0.54 to 1.29 μg/L. At the entering point of the MWW drains to the river, concentration 0.44 and 0.31 μg/L were observed in the two drains carrying the HWW to the river, respectively. Upstream concentration from the point of entering of the first and second drains was 0.14 and 0.22 μg/L while the downstream concentration was 0.18 and 0.37 μg/L, respectively. The antibiotic was not detected from...
ABSTRACT Whistler data recorded during 5-h period at our low latitude ground station Srinagar (ge... more ABSTRACT Whistler data recorded during 5-h period at our low latitude ground station Srinagar (geomag. lat. 24°10′N; L = 1.28) are used to determine lifetime of whistler ducts. On certain occasions, whistler occurrence rate at Srinagar is found to exhibit some periodicity. Power spectrum analysis of occurrence rate yields a dominant period of about 1 hour. It is suggested that this period is an indication of the duct-lifetimes at low L-values. Dispersion analysis of these whistlers has qualitatively confirmed the existence of separate ducts during the period of observation. Further the dispersion analysis shows that these whistlers have propagated in the magnetosphere along higher L-values (L = 2.10–4.12). Power spectrum analysis may not be applicable to the whistler data corresponding to high L-values because at high latitudes the occurrence rate of whistlers is very high. Moreover a large number of ducts might simultaneously contribute to the occurrence rate.
2008 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2008
Abstract The reachability graph technology is the basic and important method of analysis and veri... more Abstract The reachability graph technology is the basic and important method of analysis and verification of a system but it suffers from state explosion problem. To cope with this problem, this paper introduces transition vectors which can detect all the enabled ...
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2006
To determine the role of clinical features, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and computed t... more To determine the role of clinical features, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and computed tomography (CT) scan in diagnosing parapharyngeal space (PPS) tumours and treatment options. A descriptive study. From July 2000 to July 2002 at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. Patients diagnosed as having PPS tumours were studied. The medical record of patients was reviewed for their age, gender, clinical features, investigations (FNAC and CT scan) and treatment. The mean age, percentage of different clinical features and the sensitivity and specificity of FNAC was determined. The mean age of patients presenting with PPS tumours was 33.6 years. The most common clinical features were neck mass (93%) and bulge in lateral pharyngeal wall (80%). The CT scan showed exact location and extent of tumour in 11 out of 15 cases. The sensitivity and specificity of FNAC was 70% and 85% respectively. The most common tumours were neurogenic tumours (6) and salivary gland tumours (4)....
The toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) has been widely investigated because of their extensive u... more The toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) has been widely investigated because of their extensive use in consumer products. The mechanism of the toxicity of ZnO NPs to algae is unclear, however, and it is difficult to differentiate between particle-induced toxicity and the effect of dissolved Zn(2+). In the work discussed in this paper we investigated particle-induced toxicity and the effects of dissolved Zn(2+) by using the chiral perturbation approach with dichlorprop (DCPP) as chiral perturbation factor. The results indicated that intracellular zinc is important in the toxicity of ZnO NPs, and that ZnO NPs cause oxidative damage. According to dose-response curves for DCPP and the combination of ZnO NPs with (R)-DCPP or (S)-DCPP, the toxicity of DCPP was too low to perturb the toxicity of ZnO NPs, so DCPP was suitable for use as chiral perturbation factor. The different glutathione (GSH) content of algal cells exposed to (R)-DCPP or (S)-DCPP correlated well with different production...
This paper presents a biometric technique for identification of a person using the iris image. Th... more This paper presents a biometric technique for identification of a person using the iris image. The iris is first segmented from the acquired image of an eye using an edge detection algorithm. The disk shaped area of the iris is transformed into a rectangular form. Described moments are extracted from the grayscale image which yields a feature vector containing scale, rotation, and translation invariant moments. Images are clustered using the k-means algorithm and centroids for each cluster are computed. An arbitrary image is assumed to belong to the cluster whose centroid is the nearest to the feature vector in terms of Euclidean distance computed. The described model exhibits an accuracy of 98.5%.
2008 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 2008
ABSTRACT The verification of distributed and concurrent systems is a complex task due to the stat... more ABSTRACT The verification of distributed and concurrent systems is a complex task due to the state space explosion problem. In this paper, transition vectors have been initiated as a simplified and systematic approach to identify the structure and have the power of detecting the important structural prospects which aid to verify important properties of Petri nets. Several structural aspects of important properties have been examined for the verification of Petri net models using simplified approach of transition vectors in order to overcome the shortcomings of existing methods of verification.
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Research posters on - SIGGRAPH '06, 2006
... Farooq Ahmad ∗ University of Alberta Edmonton, Canada Petr Musilek † University of Alberta Ed... more ... Farooq Ahmad ∗ University of Alberta Edmonton, Canada Petr Musilek † University of Alberta Edmonton, Canada Abstract ... Current approaches require the user to wear instrumented gloves, or rely on fixed cameras that lack precise finger tracking. ...
On utilizing a generalization of the weighted Montgomery identity obtained by Barnett and Dragomi... more On utilizing a generalization of the weighted Montgomery identity obtained by Barnett and Dragomir [published in NS Barnett, SS Dragomir, On the weighted inequalities, J. Inequal. Pure Appl. Math. 8 (4) (2007) Art. 96], new weighted Ostrowski and Čebyev type inequalities are ...
Waste animal fat is considered a promising cheap alternative feedstock for biodiesel production t... more Waste animal fat is considered a promising cheap alternative feedstock for biodiesel production that does not compete with food items. The objective of the study was to utilize waste animal fat (beef & mutton) for biodiesel production using different catalysts (Na, NaOH& KOH). Oil extracted from beef and mutton fat was analyzed by Gas Layer Chromatography for its fatty acids composition. Both mutton and beef fat showed 50-93% conversion rate of oil to biodiesel with 3:1 methanol to oil molar ratio with addition of 1% by weight of different catalysts (Na, NaOH& KOH) at 60oC. Transesterification of animal fat with KOH catalyst produced biodiesel of high quality with good conversion rate. Biodiesel produced after transesterification reaction was analyzed for flash point <145oC each, kinematic viscosity 2.74 & 2.59cSt, density 0.88 & 0.87kg/L, pour point 59oF & 57.2oF, calorific value 11568.7 & 10907.4BTU/lb and water content 0.03 & 0.04%vol for mutton and beef respectively. Properti...
In developing countries like Pakistan wastewater treatment is not a primary focus but due to its ... more In developing countries like Pakistan wastewater treatment is not a primary focus but due to its toxic affects the need for wastewater treatment is increasing day by day. Discharge of wastewater (containing heavy metals) without treatment leads to the damage to all functions of ecosystem. The present study is the continuation of previous work. Previously plant based activated carbons were prepared and used for the removal of COD and color and show removal efficiency of 93% and 100%, respectively. In the present study the same activated carbons are used for the removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater. Activated carbons were prepared from saw dust of Dalbergia sissoo, Cedrus deodara and Eucalyptus spp., using H3PO4, H2SO4 and BaCl2 as activating agents. These raw materials are of low cost and exhibit greater efficiency for Cr(VI) removal. Statistical analysis revealed that all the three saw dusts and activating agents differ significantly in their physiochemical parameters. The efficiency o...
Water samples were collected from 18 sampling sites including the three hospitals their Municipal... more Water samples were collected from 18 sampling sites including the three hospitals their Municipal Wastewater (MWW) drains receiving the hospital sewage and from the river Ravi. The occurrence and fate of ofloxacin (OFLX) and resistance of Vibrio cholerae due to the presence of OFLX was studied. It was found that 16 out of 18 sites were contaminated by the antibiotic. Highest concentration was observed in hospital wastewater (HWW) ranged from 7.31 to 39.13 μg/L and amount of OFLX in the municipal wastewater before mixing the hospital sewage was 0.26 to 0.43 μg/L and after mixing it raised up to 0.54 to 1.29 μg/L. At the entering point of the MWW drains to the river, concentration 0.44 and 0.31 μg/L were observed in the two drains carrying the HWW to the river, respectively. Upstream concentration from the point of entering of the first and second drains was 0.14 and 0.22 μg/L while the downstream concentration was 0.18 and 0.37 μg/L, respectively. The antibiotic was not detected from...
ABSTRACT Whistler data recorded during 5-h period at our low latitude ground station Srinagar (ge... more ABSTRACT Whistler data recorded during 5-h period at our low latitude ground station Srinagar (geomag. lat. 24°10′N; L = 1.28) are used to determine lifetime of whistler ducts. On certain occasions, whistler occurrence rate at Srinagar is found to exhibit some periodicity. Power spectrum analysis of occurrence rate yields a dominant period of about 1 hour. It is suggested that this period is an indication of the duct-lifetimes at low L-values. Dispersion analysis of these whistlers has qualitatively confirmed the existence of separate ducts during the period of observation. Further the dispersion analysis shows that these whistlers have propagated in the magnetosphere along higher L-values (L = 2.10–4.12). Power spectrum analysis may not be applicable to the whistler data corresponding to high L-values because at high latitudes the occurrence rate of whistlers is very high. Moreover a large number of ducts might simultaneously contribute to the occurrence rate.
2008 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2008
Abstract The reachability graph technology is the basic and important method of analysis and veri... more Abstract The reachability graph technology is the basic and important method of analysis and verification of a system but it suffers from state explosion problem. To cope with this problem, this paper introduces transition vectors which can detect all the enabled ...
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2006
To determine the role of clinical features, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and computed t... more To determine the role of clinical features, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and computed tomography (CT) scan in diagnosing parapharyngeal space (PPS) tumours and treatment options. A descriptive study. From July 2000 to July 2002 at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. Patients diagnosed as having PPS tumours were studied. The medical record of patients was reviewed for their age, gender, clinical features, investigations (FNAC and CT scan) and treatment. The mean age, percentage of different clinical features and the sensitivity and specificity of FNAC was determined. The mean age of patients presenting with PPS tumours was 33.6 years. The most common clinical features were neck mass (93%) and bulge in lateral pharyngeal wall (80%). The CT scan showed exact location and extent of tumour in 11 out of 15 cases. The sensitivity and specificity of FNAC was 70% and 85% respectively. The most common tumours were neurogenic tumours (6) and salivary gland tumours (4)....
The toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) has been widely investigated because of their extensive u... more The toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) has been widely investigated because of their extensive use in consumer products. The mechanism of the toxicity of ZnO NPs to algae is unclear, however, and it is difficult to differentiate between particle-induced toxicity and the effect of dissolved Zn(2+). In the work discussed in this paper we investigated particle-induced toxicity and the effects of dissolved Zn(2+) by using the chiral perturbation approach with dichlorprop (DCPP) as chiral perturbation factor. The results indicated that intracellular zinc is important in the toxicity of ZnO NPs, and that ZnO NPs cause oxidative damage. According to dose-response curves for DCPP and the combination of ZnO NPs with (R)-DCPP or (S)-DCPP, the toxicity of DCPP was too low to perturb the toxicity of ZnO NPs, so DCPP was suitable for use as chiral perturbation factor. The different glutathione (GSH) content of algal cells exposed to (R)-DCPP or (S)-DCPP correlated well with different production...
This paper presents a biometric technique for identification of a person using the iris image. Th... more This paper presents a biometric technique for identification of a person using the iris image. The iris is first segmented from the acquired image of an eye using an edge detection algorithm. The disk shaped area of the iris is transformed into a rectangular form. Described moments are extracted from the grayscale image which yields a feature vector containing scale, rotation, and translation invariant moments. Images are clustered using the k-means algorithm and centroids for each cluster are computed. An arbitrary image is assumed to belong to the cluster whose centroid is the nearest to the feature vector in terms of Euclidean distance computed. The described model exhibits an accuracy of 98.5%.
2008 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 2008
ABSTRACT The verification of distributed and concurrent systems is a complex task due to the stat... more ABSTRACT The verification of distributed and concurrent systems is a complex task due to the state space explosion problem. In this paper, transition vectors have been initiated as a simplified and systematic approach to identify the structure and have the power of detecting the important structural prospects which aid to verify important properties of Petri nets. Several structural aspects of important properties have been examined for the verification of Petri net models using simplified approach of transition vectors in order to overcome the shortcomings of existing methods of verification.
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Research posters on - SIGGRAPH '06, 2006
... Farooq Ahmad ∗ University of Alberta Edmonton, Canada Petr Musilek † University of Alberta Ed... more ... Farooq Ahmad ∗ University of Alberta Edmonton, Canada Petr Musilek † University of Alberta Edmonton, Canada Abstract ... Current approaches require the user to wear instrumented gloves, or rely on fixed cameras that lack precise finger tracking. ...
On utilizing a generalization of the weighted Montgomery identity obtained by Barnett and Dragomi... more On utilizing a generalization of the weighted Montgomery identity obtained by Barnett and Dragomir [published in NS Barnett, SS Dragomir, On the weighted inequalities, J. Inequal. Pure Appl. Math. 8 (4) (2007) Art. 96], new weighted Ostrowski and Čebyev type inequalities are ...
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