Ascosphaera apis, the causative agent of chalkbrood disease in honey bee larvae occurs throughout... more Ascosphaera apis, the causative agent of chalkbrood disease in honey bee larvae occurs throughout the world and is found in many beekeeping areas of Argentina. Microbiological analysis of 394 honey samples from Buenos Aires province from three years of sampling (1999-2001) yielded 51 positive cases (13% incidence). Eighty-four isolates of A. apis from Argentina and Chile isolated from diseased larvae and/or honey samples were characterized on the basis of DNA fingerprints using the repetitive-sequence-based polymerase chain reaction technique (rep-PCR) with BOX, REP, and ERIC sequence-specific primers. Computer-assisted analysis of combined fingerprints distinguished six groups of patterns, designated A, B, C, D, E and F. Pattern C was the most prevalent and suggests a limited diversity in the populations of A. apis from Argentina and Chile. The results demonstrated the usefulness of rep-PCR genomic fingerprinting to characterize populations of A. apis. In addition, a simple and eff...
The sensitivity of media MYPGP, MYPGP(NALPIA) A (6 microg/ml nalidixic acid and 10 microg/ml pipe... more The sensitivity of media MYPGP, MYPGP(NALPIA) A (6 microg/ml nalidixic acid and 10 microg/ml pipemidic acid) and MYPGP(NALPIA) B (9 microg/ml nalidixic acid and 20 microg/ml pipemidic acid) for the recovery of viable spores of Paenibacillus larvae from honey, was evaluated by using different incubation times and different spore concentrations. No significant differences between incubation times, spore concentration or culture media were found. In the case of the recovery of vegetative cells from PBS at different incubation times and different dilutions no significant differences were found between the incubation times or the dilutions tested, while significant differences were found in the three media when compared with one another, MYPGP(NALPIA)B providing the lowest recovery of vegetative cells. Considering these results, we propose the use of MYPGP(NALPIA)B to recover spores of P. larvae from honey, specially for honeys with heterogeneous populations of bacterial spores; when cul...
The fungus Ascosphaera apis, the causative agent of chalkbrood disease in honeybee larvae, occurs... more The fungus Ascosphaera apis, the causative agent of chalkbrood disease in honeybee larvae, occurs throughout the world and is found in many beekeeping areas of Argentina. The potential as biocontrol agents of 249 aerobic spore-forming bacterial antagonists isolated from honey samples was evaluated. Each isolate was screened against A. apis by a central disk test assay. Ten bacterial strains that showed the best antagonistic effect to A. apis were selected for further study and identified as Bacillus cereus (m363, mv86, mv81, mv75), Bacillus circulans (Fr231, m448b), Bacillus megaterium (m435), Bacillus pumilus (m354), Bacillus subtilis (m329), and Paenibacillus alvei (m321). For testing the efficiency of the selected strains, a paired culture test was used with 5 replicates of each combination bacterial antagonist/A. apis strain, and 5 replications for each control on 4 different culture media. The analysis of variance and posterior comparison of means according to LSD method showed...
Las aspergilosis es una enfermedad no contagiosa, característica de la cautividad y causada por l... more Las aspergilosis es una enfermedad no contagiosa, característica de la cautividad y causada por la inhalación de esporos viables presentes en el medio ambiente. Aspergillus fumigatus es el agente etiológico más comúnmente aislado. En ocasiones puede ser causada por A. flavus y A. nidulans. La aspergilosis ha sido descripta en aves psitácidas del Viejo y del Nuevo Mundo, afectando tanto las porciones superior como las inferiores del aparato respiratorio, causando una enfermedad insidiosa de curso crónico o bien una muerte hiperaguda. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo la descripción de los hallazgos macroscópicos, histopatológicos y micológicos encontrados en un loro Eclectus (Eclectus roratus) afectado por una aspergilosis pulmonar causada por A. flavus y el estudio de su sensibilidad. En Diciembre del 2010 fue remitido al servicio de necropsia del Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades de las Aves y los Píliferos (FCV-UNLP) un loro Eclectus (Eclectus roratus), macho y de 2...
A 2-year-old captive, male Eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus), with a previous history of neurolo... more A 2-year-old captive, male Eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus), with a previous history of neurologic signs episodes, was found dead in its cage without premonitory signs in a private aviary. At necropsy, yellow and caseous nodules were observed in the lungs. Microscopically, the nodules were composed of granulomas that had a necrotic center with intralesional hyphae typical of Aspergillus spp. and a peripheral inflammatory cell response composed of macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. The mycologic culture allowed the isolation and identification of A. flavus from lung samples. The gross and microscopic lesions, in combination with the mycologic identification provided the diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis due to A. flavus infection. To the authors`s knowledge, this is the first report of mycotic pneumonia caused by A. flavus infection in Psittaciformes.
American foulbrood caused by the Gram positive spore-forming bacterium Paenibacillus larvae is on... more American foulbrood caused by the Gram positive spore-forming bacterium Paenibacillus larvae is one of the most virulent diseases affecting the larval and pupal stages of honey bees. The aim of this study was to determine the Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), the relationships between MBC / MIC and killing curves of the antibiotics tylosin, tilmicosin, lincomycin and oxytetracycline to 6 P. larvae strains. Results obtained from MBC/MIC showed variable results according to the strain tested with the exception to ATCC 9535 that was susceptible by MIC, bacteriostatic by MBC and presented tolerant effect by MBC/MIC to all the antibiotics. In general terms, OTC and tylosin showed a bactericidal effect while tilmicosin and lincomicin resulted in a bacteriostatic effect. Nevertheless, tylosin showed the best in vitro activity for the inhibition of P. larvae according to their MIC, MBC and MBC/MIC values.
La aspergilosis es una enfermedad micótica encontrada habitualmente en aves de corral. Las infecc... more La aspergilosis es una enfermedad micótica encontrada habitualmente en aves de corral. Las infecciones causadas por Aspergillus spp. se limitan comúnmente al aparato respiratorio. Sin embargo, su generalización puede ocurrir por vía hematógena originando infecciones sistémicas, mientras que la invasión directa de órganos adyacentes puede causar infecciones diseminadas. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo la descripción de los hallazgos macroscópicos, histopatológicos y micológicos encontrados en un faisán Swinhoe (Lophura swinhoii) afectado por una aspergilosis diseminada causada por A. fumigatus. En Marzo del 2011 fue remitido al servicio de necropsia del Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades de las Aves y los Píliferos (Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNLP) un faisán Swinhoe (Lophura swinhoii), hembra de 6 meses de vida, proveniente de un aviario privado ubicado en la ciudad de La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina). La necropsia reveló una atrofia marcada de la musculatur...
Ascosphaera apis, the causative agent of chalkbrood disease in honey bee larvae occurs throughout... more Ascosphaera apis, the causative agent of chalkbrood disease in honey bee larvae occurs throughout the world and is found in many beekeeping areas of Argentina. Microbiological analysis of 394 honey samples from Buenos Aires province from three years of sampling (1999-2001) yielded 51 positive cases (13% incidence). Eighty-four isolates of A. apis from Argentina and Chile isolated from diseased larvae and/or honey samples were characterized on the basis of DNA fingerprints using the repetitive-sequence-based polymerase chain reaction technique (rep-PCR) with BOX, REP, and ERIC sequence-specific primers. Computer-assisted analysis of combined fingerprints distinguished six groups of patterns, designated A, B, C, D, E and F. Pattern C was the most prevalent and suggests a limited diversity in the populations of A. apis from Argentina and Chile. The results demonstrated the usefulness of rep-PCR genomic fingerprinting to characterize populations of A. apis. In addition, a simple and eff...
The sensitivity of media MYPGP, MYPGP(NALPIA) A (6 microg/ml nalidixic acid and 10 microg/ml pipe... more The sensitivity of media MYPGP, MYPGP(NALPIA) A (6 microg/ml nalidixic acid and 10 microg/ml pipemidic acid) and MYPGP(NALPIA) B (9 microg/ml nalidixic acid and 20 microg/ml pipemidic acid) for the recovery of viable spores of Paenibacillus larvae from honey, was evaluated by using different incubation times and different spore concentrations. No significant differences between incubation times, spore concentration or culture media were found. In the case of the recovery of vegetative cells from PBS at different incubation times and different dilutions no significant differences were found between the incubation times or the dilutions tested, while significant differences were found in the three media when compared with one another, MYPGP(NALPIA)B providing the lowest recovery of vegetative cells. Considering these results, we propose the use of MYPGP(NALPIA)B to recover spores of P. larvae from honey, specially for honeys with heterogeneous populations of bacterial spores; when cul...
The fungus Ascosphaera apis, the causative agent of chalkbrood disease in honeybee larvae, occurs... more The fungus Ascosphaera apis, the causative agent of chalkbrood disease in honeybee larvae, occurs throughout the world and is found in many beekeeping areas of Argentina. The potential as biocontrol agents of 249 aerobic spore-forming bacterial antagonists isolated from honey samples was evaluated. Each isolate was screened against A. apis by a central disk test assay. Ten bacterial strains that showed the best antagonistic effect to A. apis were selected for further study and identified as Bacillus cereus (m363, mv86, mv81, mv75), Bacillus circulans (Fr231, m448b), Bacillus megaterium (m435), Bacillus pumilus (m354), Bacillus subtilis (m329), and Paenibacillus alvei (m321). For testing the efficiency of the selected strains, a paired culture test was used with 5 replicates of each combination bacterial antagonist/A. apis strain, and 5 replications for each control on 4 different culture media. The analysis of variance and posterior comparison of means according to LSD method showed...
Las aspergilosis es una enfermedad no contagiosa, característica de la cautividad y causada por l... more Las aspergilosis es una enfermedad no contagiosa, característica de la cautividad y causada por la inhalación de esporos viables presentes en el medio ambiente. Aspergillus fumigatus es el agente etiológico más comúnmente aislado. En ocasiones puede ser causada por A. flavus y A. nidulans. La aspergilosis ha sido descripta en aves psitácidas del Viejo y del Nuevo Mundo, afectando tanto las porciones superior como las inferiores del aparato respiratorio, causando una enfermedad insidiosa de curso crónico o bien una muerte hiperaguda. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo la descripción de los hallazgos macroscópicos, histopatológicos y micológicos encontrados en un loro Eclectus (Eclectus roratus) afectado por una aspergilosis pulmonar causada por A. flavus y el estudio de su sensibilidad. En Diciembre del 2010 fue remitido al servicio de necropsia del Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades de las Aves y los Píliferos (FCV-UNLP) un loro Eclectus (Eclectus roratus), macho y de 2...
A 2-year-old captive, male Eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus), with a previous history of neurolo... more A 2-year-old captive, male Eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus), with a previous history of neurologic signs episodes, was found dead in its cage without premonitory signs in a private aviary. At necropsy, yellow and caseous nodules were observed in the lungs. Microscopically, the nodules were composed of granulomas that had a necrotic center with intralesional hyphae typical of Aspergillus spp. and a peripheral inflammatory cell response composed of macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. The mycologic culture allowed the isolation and identification of A. flavus from lung samples. The gross and microscopic lesions, in combination with the mycologic identification provided the diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis due to A. flavus infection. To the authors`s knowledge, this is the first report of mycotic pneumonia caused by A. flavus infection in Psittaciformes.
American foulbrood caused by the Gram positive spore-forming bacterium Paenibacillus larvae is on... more American foulbrood caused by the Gram positive spore-forming bacterium Paenibacillus larvae is one of the most virulent diseases affecting the larval and pupal stages of honey bees. The aim of this study was to determine the Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), the relationships between MBC / MIC and killing curves of the antibiotics tylosin, tilmicosin, lincomycin and oxytetracycline to 6 P. larvae strains. Results obtained from MBC/MIC showed variable results according to the strain tested with the exception to ATCC 9535 that was susceptible by MIC, bacteriostatic by MBC and presented tolerant effect by MBC/MIC to all the antibiotics. In general terms, OTC and tylosin showed a bactericidal effect while tilmicosin and lincomicin resulted in a bacteriostatic effect. Nevertheless, tylosin showed the best in vitro activity for the inhibition of P. larvae according to their MIC, MBC and MBC/MIC values.
La aspergilosis es una enfermedad micótica encontrada habitualmente en aves de corral. Las infecc... more La aspergilosis es una enfermedad micótica encontrada habitualmente en aves de corral. Las infecciones causadas por Aspergillus spp. se limitan comúnmente al aparato respiratorio. Sin embargo, su generalización puede ocurrir por vía hematógena originando infecciones sistémicas, mientras que la invasión directa de órganos adyacentes puede causar infecciones diseminadas. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo la descripción de los hallazgos macroscópicos, histopatológicos y micológicos encontrados en un faisán Swinhoe (Lophura swinhoii) afectado por una aspergilosis diseminada causada por A. fumigatus. En Marzo del 2011 fue remitido al servicio de necropsia del Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades de las Aves y los Píliferos (Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNLP) un faisán Swinhoe (Lophura swinhoii), hembra de 6 meses de vida, proveniente de un aviario privado ubicado en la ciudad de La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina). La necropsia reveló una atrofia marcada de la musculatur...
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