Eurosurveillance: bulletin europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin
New systems of surveillance to better monitor the dynamics of HIV are needed. A national surveill... more New systems of surveillance to better monitor the dynamics of HIV are needed. A national surveillance of new HIV diagnoses which included the collection of dried serum spots (DSS) to identify recent infections (<6 months) using an EIA-RI assay was implemented in 2003 in France. The collection of DSS is based on the voluntary participation by both patients and microbiologists. Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors associated with recent infection (RI). Between July 2003 and December 2006, 14,155 cases newly diagnosed for HIV were reported. A minority of patients refused the collection of DSS (3.3%) and the rate of participation of laboratories was 80%. The test was performed for 10,855 newly diagnosed HIV cases, the overall proportion of RI was 23.1% (95% CI, 22.3%-23.9%). The proportion of RI was higher among men who have sex with men (MSM) (42.8%) than among heterosexuals (16.3%). Among heterosexuals, it varied by current nationality: 27% among French versus 8.4% am...
Eurosurveillance: bulletin europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin
An increase in the number of new HIV diagnoses among men who have sex with men (MSM) has been obs... more An increase in the number of new HIV diagnoses among men who have sex with men (MSM) has been observed in several countries in the early 2000s. In this article, we explore the trends in MSM in France between 2003 and 2008. To estimate the number of MSM newly diagnosed with HIV, we take into account the reporting delay, underreporting and missing data for HIV case notification. To identify recent infections (RI) (acquired an average of six months before diagnosis), we used an enzyme immunoassay for recent HIV-1 infections (EIA-RI) which has been performed routinely for new HIV diagnoses since 2003. Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors associated with RI. We estimate that between 1,900 and 2,400 MSM have been newly diagnosed with HIV every year: the proportion of MSM among all newly diagnosed with HIV cases has increased from 25.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 23.3-27.1) in 2003 to 37.0% (95% CI: 35.2-38.7) in 2008 and was stable during the period 2006-2008. In 2008, t...
Euro surveillance : bulletin Européen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin, 2004
In addition to AIDS surveillance, data on HIV infection are necessary to better follow the dynami... more In addition to AIDS surveillance, data on HIV infection are necessary to better follow the dynamics of the epidemic. We report the first results of France's mandatory anonymous HIV notification system, which is linked to a virological surveillance of recent HIV infections and of circulating HIV types, groups and subtypes. HIV notifications are initiated by microbiologists who create an anonymous code of patient's identity. Clinicians complete the notification form with epidemiological and clinical data. Notifications are sent to the local health authorities and passed to the Institut de Veille Sanitaire (InVS). Laboratories voluntarily send sera from newly diagnosed HIV infected persons on dried blood spots to the national HIV reference laboratory where an immunoassay for recent infection (< or = 6 months) and a serotyping assay for the determination of group and subtype are done. The virological results are then merged at the InVS with the information from the mandatory ...
The presence of HIV-1 non-B subtypes in Western Europe is commonly attributed to migration of ind... more The presence of HIV-1 non-B subtypes in Western Europe is commonly attributed to migration of individuals from non-European countries, but the possible role of domestic infections with non-B subtypes is not well investigated. The French mandatory anonymous reporting system for HIV is linked to a virological surveillance using assays for recent infection (<6 months) and serotyping. During the first semester of years 2007 to 2010, any sample corresponding to a non-B recent infection was analyzed by sequencing a 415-bp env region, followed by phylogenetic analysis and search for transmission clusters. Two hundred thirty-three recent HIV-1 infections with non-B variants were identified. They involved 5 subtypes and 7 circulating recombinant forms (CRFs). Ninety-two cases (39.5%) were due to heterosexual transmissions, of which 39 occurred in patients born in France. Eighty-five cases (36.5%) were identified in men having sex with men (MSM). Forty-three recent non-B infections (18.5%)...
Many studies have demonstrated the utility of the dried blood spot (DBS) or dried plasma/serum sp... more Many studies have demonstrated the utility of the dried blood spot (DBS) or dried plasma/serum spot (DSS) method for serological and molecular diagnosis of HIV infection. Here, we report on the description of a serotyping assay performed on DSS, and its application to a national surveillance program of HIV variants. We combined serotyping assays that we developed previously to discriminate between HIV-1 and HIV-2, between HIV-1 group O and HIV-1 group M, and between B and non-B subtypes of HIV-1 group M. The assays are based on antibody binding to either the immunodominant epitope of gp41 or the V3 domain of gp120 of these various types, groups and subtypes. Therefore, a unique enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format applied to serum eluted from DSS allowed the simultaneous discrimination between infections caused by HIV-1 B, HIV-1 non-B, HIV-1 group O, and HIV-2. Together, this serotyping assay and an immunoassay for recent infection were used for a virological surveillance linked to the anonymous mandatory notification of HIV infection in France. The preliminary results of this virological surveillance allowed us to obtain estimates of the prevalence of the rare variants HIV-2 and HIV-1 group O. It also allowed identification of the two first cases of M/O dual infections reported outside the endemic group O region of the western part of equatorial Africa, and showed that non-B subtypes circulate widely in France, almost 50% of new HIV diagnoses in 2003 being due to these variants.
Résumé Cet article fait la synthèse des données épidémiologiques disponibles en 2005 en France da... more Résumé Cet article fait la synthèse des données épidémiologiques disponibles en 2005 en France dans la population homosexuelle masculine, à partir de plusieurs sources de données (notification obligatoire du VIH/sida, surveillance des infections sexuellement ...
New tools to better monitor dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission are neede... more New tools to better monitor dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission are needed. National surveillance of newly HIV diagnoses included the collection of dried serum spots to identify both recent infections (&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;6 months) and HIV serotypes. Multivariate analyses were used to identify factors associated with recent infection and infection with non-B subtypes. Between 2003 and March 2005, 7902 new HIV diagnoses were reported. The overall proportion of recent infections was 24.9% (95% confidence interval, 23.8%-26.0%) and was highest among men who have sex with men (MSM; 46%). Recent infection was associated with being an MSM, &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;30 years old, of French nationality, and living in Paris. Nearly half of newly HIV-1 diagnoses were with non-B subtypes. The highest proportion of non-B infections was reported among African heterosexual persons (81%), but important proportions were reported among French heterosexual persons (34%) and MSM (12%). Being infected by a non-B subtype was independently associated with being African, &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;30 years old, heterosexual, and living in Paris. The proportion of HIV-2 infection was 1.9%, and 11 cases of HIV-1 group O infection were identified, mainly among West Africans. There is evidence of high levels of HIV transmission among MSM in France and transmission of non-B subtypes within the indigenous French population.
Fréquence et facteurs de risque de la tuberculose inaugurale de sida ... Florence Lot (f.lot@invs... more Fréquence et facteurs de risque de la tuberculose inaugurale de sida ... Florence Lot (f.lot@invs.sante.fr), Roselyne Pinget, Françoise Cazein, Josiane Pillonel, Marlène Leclerc, Hélène Haguy, Lotfi Benyelles, Caroline Semaille Institut de veille sanitaire, Saint-Maurice, France
French national surveillance of new HIV diagnoses included the collection of dried serum spots to... more French national surveillance of new HIV diagnoses included the collection of dried serum spots to identify HIV serotypes. Between January 2003 and June 2006, 10,184 new diagnoses were reported. The proportions of HIV-2 and HIV-1 group O infections were 1.8 and 0.1%, respectively. Most of these cases occurred in patients infected through heterosexual contact and originated from the corresponding endemic areas. Three cases of HIV-2 infections were reported in non-African men having sex with men.
Eurosurveillance: bulletin europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin
New systems of surveillance to better monitor the dynamics of HIV are needed. A national surveill... more New systems of surveillance to better monitor the dynamics of HIV are needed. A national surveillance of new HIV diagnoses which included the collection of dried serum spots (DSS) to identify recent infections (<6 months) using an EIA-RI assay was implemented in 2003 in France. The collection of DSS is based on the voluntary participation by both patients and microbiologists. Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors associated with recent infection (RI). Between July 2003 and December 2006, 14,155 cases newly diagnosed for HIV were reported. A minority of patients refused the collection of DSS (3.3%) and the rate of participation of laboratories was 80%. The test was performed for 10,855 newly diagnosed HIV cases, the overall proportion of RI was 23.1% (95% CI, 22.3%-23.9%). The proportion of RI was higher among men who have sex with men (MSM) (42.8%) than among heterosexuals (16.3%). Among heterosexuals, it varied by current nationality: 27% among French versus 8.4% am...
Eurosurveillance: bulletin europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin
An increase in the number of new HIV diagnoses among men who have sex with men (MSM) has been obs... more An increase in the number of new HIV diagnoses among men who have sex with men (MSM) has been observed in several countries in the early 2000s. In this article, we explore the trends in MSM in France between 2003 and 2008. To estimate the number of MSM newly diagnosed with HIV, we take into account the reporting delay, underreporting and missing data for HIV case notification. To identify recent infections (RI) (acquired an average of six months before diagnosis), we used an enzyme immunoassay for recent HIV-1 infections (EIA-RI) which has been performed routinely for new HIV diagnoses since 2003. Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors associated with RI. We estimate that between 1,900 and 2,400 MSM have been newly diagnosed with HIV every year: the proportion of MSM among all newly diagnosed with HIV cases has increased from 25.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 23.3-27.1) in 2003 to 37.0% (95% CI: 35.2-38.7) in 2008 and was stable during the period 2006-2008. In 2008, t...
Euro surveillance : bulletin Européen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin, 2004
In addition to AIDS surveillance, data on HIV infection are necessary to better follow the dynami... more In addition to AIDS surveillance, data on HIV infection are necessary to better follow the dynamics of the epidemic. We report the first results of France's mandatory anonymous HIV notification system, which is linked to a virological surveillance of recent HIV infections and of circulating HIV types, groups and subtypes. HIV notifications are initiated by microbiologists who create an anonymous code of patient's identity. Clinicians complete the notification form with epidemiological and clinical data. Notifications are sent to the local health authorities and passed to the Institut de Veille Sanitaire (InVS). Laboratories voluntarily send sera from newly diagnosed HIV infected persons on dried blood spots to the national HIV reference laboratory where an immunoassay for recent infection (< or = 6 months) and a serotyping assay for the determination of group and subtype are done. The virological results are then merged at the InVS with the information from the mandatory ...
The presence of HIV-1 non-B subtypes in Western Europe is commonly attributed to migration of ind... more The presence of HIV-1 non-B subtypes in Western Europe is commonly attributed to migration of individuals from non-European countries, but the possible role of domestic infections with non-B subtypes is not well investigated. The French mandatory anonymous reporting system for HIV is linked to a virological surveillance using assays for recent infection (<6 months) and serotyping. During the first semester of years 2007 to 2010, any sample corresponding to a non-B recent infection was analyzed by sequencing a 415-bp env region, followed by phylogenetic analysis and search for transmission clusters. Two hundred thirty-three recent HIV-1 infections with non-B variants were identified. They involved 5 subtypes and 7 circulating recombinant forms (CRFs). Ninety-two cases (39.5%) were due to heterosexual transmissions, of which 39 occurred in patients born in France. Eighty-five cases (36.5%) were identified in men having sex with men (MSM). Forty-three recent non-B infections (18.5%)...
Many studies have demonstrated the utility of the dried blood spot (DBS) or dried plasma/serum sp... more Many studies have demonstrated the utility of the dried blood spot (DBS) or dried plasma/serum spot (DSS) method for serological and molecular diagnosis of HIV infection. Here, we report on the description of a serotyping assay performed on DSS, and its application to a national surveillance program of HIV variants. We combined serotyping assays that we developed previously to discriminate between HIV-1 and HIV-2, between HIV-1 group O and HIV-1 group M, and between B and non-B subtypes of HIV-1 group M. The assays are based on antibody binding to either the immunodominant epitope of gp41 or the V3 domain of gp120 of these various types, groups and subtypes. Therefore, a unique enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format applied to serum eluted from DSS allowed the simultaneous discrimination between infections caused by HIV-1 B, HIV-1 non-B, HIV-1 group O, and HIV-2. Together, this serotyping assay and an immunoassay for recent infection were used for a virological surveillance linked to the anonymous mandatory notification of HIV infection in France. The preliminary results of this virological surveillance allowed us to obtain estimates of the prevalence of the rare variants HIV-2 and HIV-1 group O. It also allowed identification of the two first cases of M/O dual infections reported outside the endemic group O region of the western part of equatorial Africa, and showed that non-B subtypes circulate widely in France, almost 50% of new HIV diagnoses in 2003 being due to these variants.
Résumé Cet article fait la synthèse des données épidémiologiques disponibles en 2005 en France da... more Résumé Cet article fait la synthèse des données épidémiologiques disponibles en 2005 en France dans la population homosexuelle masculine, à partir de plusieurs sources de données (notification obligatoire du VIH/sida, surveillance des infections sexuellement ...
New tools to better monitor dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission are neede... more New tools to better monitor dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission are needed. National surveillance of newly HIV diagnoses included the collection of dried serum spots to identify both recent infections (&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;6 months) and HIV serotypes. Multivariate analyses were used to identify factors associated with recent infection and infection with non-B subtypes. Between 2003 and March 2005, 7902 new HIV diagnoses were reported. The overall proportion of recent infections was 24.9% (95% confidence interval, 23.8%-26.0%) and was highest among men who have sex with men (MSM; 46%). Recent infection was associated with being an MSM, &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;30 years old, of French nationality, and living in Paris. Nearly half of newly HIV-1 diagnoses were with non-B subtypes. The highest proportion of non-B infections was reported among African heterosexual persons (81%), but important proportions were reported among French heterosexual persons (34%) and MSM (12%). Being infected by a non-B subtype was independently associated with being African, &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;30 years old, heterosexual, and living in Paris. The proportion of HIV-2 infection was 1.9%, and 11 cases of HIV-1 group O infection were identified, mainly among West Africans. There is evidence of high levels of HIV transmission among MSM in France and transmission of non-B subtypes within the indigenous French population.
Fréquence et facteurs de risque de la tuberculose inaugurale de sida ... Florence Lot (f.lot@invs... more Fréquence et facteurs de risque de la tuberculose inaugurale de sida ... Florence Lot (f.lot@invs.sante.fr), Roselyne Pinget, Françoise Cazein, Josiane Pillonel, Marlène Leclerc, Hélène Haguy, Lotfi Benyelles, Caroline Semaille Institut de veille sanitaire, Saint-Maurice, France
French national surveillance of new HIV diagnoses included the collection of dried serum spots to... more French national surveillance of new HIV diagnoses included the collection of dried serum spots to identify HIV serotypes. Between January 2003 and June 2006, 10,184 new diagnoses were reported. The proportions of HIV-2 and HIV-1 group O infections were 1.8 and 0.1%, respectively. Most of these cases occurred in patients infected through heterosexual contact and originated from the corresponding endemic areas. Three cases of HIV-2 infections were reported in non-African men having sex with men.
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