Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, 2014
ABSTRACT Studies of the aggregated hourly electricity load in geographical areas typically show a... more ABSTRACT Studies of the aggregated hourly electricity load in geographical areas typically show a systematic variation over the day, the week, and seasons. With hourly metering of individual customers, data for individual consumption profiles have become available. Looking into these data we show that consumption profiles for specific categories of customers are equally systematic but quite distinct for different categories of customers. That is, different categories of customers contribute quite differently to the aggregated load profile. Coupling consumption profiles with hourly market prices which also include a systematic component in the hourly variation, we show that customers with different consumption profiles experience different average cost of their electricity consumption when billed according to hourly time-of-use prices. Thus, some categories of customers stand to gain from time-of-use pricing, while others stand to lose. In Denmark, typically industry, private services and households stand to lose, whereas agriculture and public services stand to gain from time-of-use pricing. However, differences within categories of customers are considerable and, for example, industrial companies running 24 h a day tend to gain from a time-of-use pricing.For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.Conflict of interest: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article.
(max. 2000 char.): Due to characteristics of the power system, costs of producing electricity var... more (max. 2000 char.): Due to characteristics of the power system, costs of producing electricity vary considerably over short time intervals. Yet, many consumers do not experience corresponding variations in the price they pay for consuming electricity. The topic of this report is: are consumers willing and able to respond to short-term variations in electricity prices, and if so, what is the social benefit of consumers doing so? Taking Denmark and the Nord Pool market as a case, the report focuses on what is known as short-term consumer flexibility or demand response in the electricity market. With focus on market efficiency, efficient allocation of resources and security of supply, the report describes demand response from a microeconomic perspective and provides empirical observations and case studies. The report aims at evaluating benefits from demand response. However, only elements contributing to an overall value are presented. In addition, the analyses are limited to benefits f...
Since 1999, Denmark west of the Great Belt has been a price area for the Nord Pool power exchange... more Since 1999, Denmark west of the Great Belt has been a price area for the Nord Pool power exchange, now covering the four Nordic countries and parts of Germany. In this period the penetration of wind power has increased to 25 % on an annual basis. Thus, wind power has a significant impact not only on the hourly price on the day ahead spot market, but also on the development of the market, in particular the balancing and reserves markets. Since 2005 all thermal generators above 10 MW have been part of these markets (from 2007 above 5 MW). This includes the conventional generators operating large-scale condensing and CHP units and small-scale CHP units, each designed for heat for smaller towns and villages. Market participation for these generators are organised by commercial aggregators (Balance Responsible Parties). Also wind generators are operating on the markets. Of particular interest is their capability to reduce their power supply in case of imbalances, thus providing down-regu...
ABSTRACT Assessing grid developments the spatial distribution of the electricity consumption is i... more ABSTRACT Assessing grid developments the spatial distribution of the electricity consumption is important. In Denmark the electricity grid consists of transmission - and local distribution grids with different voltages that are connected via transformer stations each covering a local area with between 10.000 and 100.000 customers. Data for the hourly electricity consumption at transformer stations shows that the profile of consumption differs considerably between local areas, and this is partly due to a different weight of categories of customers in the different areas. Categories of customers have quite distinct consumption profiles and contribute quite differently to the aggregated load profile. In forecasts, demand by categories of customers is expected to develop differently implying that both the level and the profile of consumption at each transformer stations are expected to change differently. Still, in the previous planning of the transmission grid in Denmark specific local conditions have not been considered.
... Also in this model, the generation of waste per economic activity is assumed constant. ... A ... more ... Also in this model, the generation of waste per economic activity is assumed constant. ... A very different approach to forecasting the generation of waste is to use a technical market penetration and stock saturation model, in projections of end-of-life vehicles for example. ...
... LARSEN, HV, ISOARD, S., VILLANUEVA, A., SKOVGAARD, M. and ANDERSEN, FM (2007) OUTLOOKS FOR WA... more ... LARSEN, HV, ISOARD, S., VILLANUEVA, A., SKOVGAARD, M. and ANDERSEN, FM (2007) OUTLOOKS FOR WASTE GENERATION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE IN EUROPE. ... Depositing User: Mr Christopher Adekunle. ...
... scrapping of cars. Another limitation of the model is the zero import and export ofused cars ... more ... scrapping of cars. Another limitation of the model is the zero import and export ofused cars implying that country specific forecasts of ELVs may differ from observations even in the long run. 3. Data and estimations Data for the ...
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, 2014
ABSTRACT Studies of the aggregated hourly electricity load in geographical areas typically show a... more ABSTRACT Studies of the aggregated hourly electricity load in geographical areas typically show a systematic variation over the day, the week, and seasons. With hourly metering of individual customers, data for individual consumption profiles have become available. Looking into these data we show that consumption profiles for specific categories of customers are equally systematic but quite distinct for different categories of customers. That is, different categories of customers contribute quite differently to the aggregated load profile. Coupling consumption profiles with hourly market prices which also include a systematic component in the hourly variation, we show that customers with different consumption profiles experience different average cost of their electricity consumption when billed according to hourly time-of-use prices. Thus, some categories of customers stand to gain from time-of-use pricing, while others stand to lose. In Denmark, typically industry, private services and households stand to lose, whereas agriculture and public services stand to gain from time-of-use pricing. However, differences within categories of customers are considerable and, for example, industrial companies running 24 h a day tend to gain from a time-of-use pricing.For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.Conflict of interest: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article.
(max. 2000 char.): Due to characteristics of the power system, costs of producing electricity var... more (max. 2000 char.): Due to characteristics of the power system, costs of producing electricity vary considerably over short time intervals. Yet, many consumers do not experience corresponding variations in the price they pay for consuming electricity. The topic of this report is: are consumers willing and able to respond to short-term variations in electricity prices, and if so, what is the social benefit of consumers doing so? Taking Denmark and the Nord Pool market as a case, the report focuses on what is known as short-term consumer flexibility or demand response in the electricity market. With focus on market efficiency, efficient allocation of resources and security of supply, the report describes demand response from a microeconomic perspective and provides empirical observations and case studies. The report aims at evaluating benefits from demand response. However, only elements contributing to an overall value are presented. In addition, the analyses are limited to benefits f...
Since 1999, Denmark west of the Great Belt has been a price area for the Nord Pool power exchange... more Since 1999, Denmark west of the Great Belt has been a price area for the Nord Pool power exchange, now covering the four Nordic countries and parts of Germany. In this period the penetration of wind power has increased to 25 % on an annual basis. Thus, wind power has a significant impact not only on the hourly price on the day ahead spot market, but also on the development of the market, in particular the balancing and reserves markets. Since 2005 all thermal generators above 10 MW have been part of these markets (from 2007 above 5 MW). This includes the conventional generators operating large-scale condensing and CHP units and small-scale CHP units, each designed for heat for smaller towns and villages. Market participation for these generators are organised by commercial aggregators (Balance Responsible Parties). Also wind generators are operating on the markets. Of particular interest is their capability to reduce their power supply in case of imbalances, thus providing down-regu...
ABSTRACT Assessing grid developments the spatial distribution of the electricity consumption is i... more ABSTRACT Assessing grid developments the spatial distribution of the electricity consumption is important. In Denmark the electricity grid consists of transmission - and local distribution grids with different voltages that are connected via transformer stations each covering a local area with between 10.000 and 100.000 customers. Data for the hourly electricity consumption at transformer stations shows that the profile of consumption differs considerably between local areas, and this is partly due to a different weight of categories of customers in the different areas. Categories of customers have quite distinct consumption profiles and contribute quite differently to the aggregated load profile. In forecasts, demand by categories of customers is expected to develop differently implying that both the level and the profile of consumption at each transformer stations are expected to change differently. Still, in the previous planning of the transmission grid in Denmark specific local conditions have not been considered.
... Also in this model, the generation of waste per economic activity is assumed constant. ... A ... more ... Also in this model, the generation of waste per economic activity is assumed constant. ... A very different approach to forecasting the generation of waste is to use a technical market penetration and stock saturation model, in projections of end-of-life vehicles for example. ...
... LARSEN, HV, ISOARD, S., VILLANUEVA, A., SKOVGAARD, M. and ANDERSEN, FM (2007) OUTLOOKS FOR WA... more ... LARSEN, HV, ISOARD, S., VILLANUEVA, A., SKOVGAARD, M. and ANDERSEN, FM (2007) OUTLOOKS FOR WASTE GENERATION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE IN EUROPE. ... Depositing User: Mr Christopher Adekunle. ...
... scrapping of cars. Another limitation of the model is the zero import and export ofused cars ... more ... scrapping of cars. Another limitation of the model is the zero import and export ofused cars implying that country specific forecasts of ELVs may differ from observations even in the long run. 3. Data and estimations Data for the ...
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