The kinematics of intraoral transport and swallowing in lizards of the species Uromastix acanthin... more The kinematics of intraoral transport and swallowing in lizards of the species Uromastix acanthinurus (Chamaeleonidae, Leiolepidinae) were investigated using cineradiography (50 frames s-1). Additional recordings were also made using high-speed (500 frames s-1) and conventional video systems (25 frames s-1). Small metal markers were inserted into different parts of the upper and lower jaw and the tongue. Cineradiographic images were digitised, and displacements of the body, head, upper and lower jaw and the tongue were quantified. Twenty additional variables depicting displacements and the timing of events were calculated. Multivariate analyses of variance indicated significant differences between feeding stages. Remarkably, only very few food-type-dependent differences were observed during intraoral transport, and no such differences could be demonstrated during swallowing. Using previously published data for the closely related insectivorous lizard Plocederma stellio, the effect o...
The activity of jaw and hyolingual muscles during the entire feeding sequence is examined in the ... more The activity of jaw and hyolingual muscles during the entire feeding sequence is examined in the lizard Agama stellio, with special focus on the intraoral transport and swallowing stages. Correlation of electromyography (EMG) data with kinematics shows that the kinematic phases (slow opening, SO; fast opening, FO; fast closing, FC; slow closing/power stroke, SC/PS) are characterised by distinct activities in the jaw and hyolingual muscles. The SO phase is clearly the result of tongue protraction (upon protraction, the tongue is pulled against the prey and consequently the lower jaw is pushed down), whereas the FO phase is caused by activity in the jaw opener and dorsal cervical muscles. Both the FC and SC/PS phases are characterised by pronounced activity in the jaw adductor muscles. Tongue retraction is produced by activity in the hyoid and tongue retractor muscles. A quantitative analysis of time-related EMG data shows that, in accordance with the kinematic analyses, three differe...
... Kinematics of the Jaw and Hyolingual Apparatus During Feeding in Caiman crocodilus JOHANCLEUR... more ... Kinematics of the Jaw and Hyolingual Apparatus During Feeding in Caiman crocodilus JOHANCLEUREN AND FRITS DE VREE Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UIA), B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium ... Page 2. 142 J. CLEUREN AND F. DE VREE but cannot be protruded. ...
Synthesis of Physiologic Data from the Mammalian Feeding Apparatus Using FEED, the Feeding Experi... more Synthesis of Physiologic Data from the Mammalian Feeding Apparatus Using FEED, the Feeding Experiments End-User Database Organized by Susan H. Williams, Christine E. Wall, Rebecca Z. German and Christopher J. Vinyard ... 215 Overview of FEED, the Feeding Experiments End-user Database Christine E.Wall, Christopher J.Vinyard, Susan H.Williams,Vladimir Gapeyev, Xianhua Liu, Hilmar Lapp and Rebecca Z. German 224 Mammalian Masticatory Muscles: Homology, Nomenclature, and Diversification Robert E. Druzinsky, Alison H. ...
Quantitative lateral and dorsoventral cineradiography shows that the masticatory movements of the... more Quantitative lateral and dorsoventral cineradiography shows that the masticatory movements of the mandible, condyles, tongue, and hyoid of Pteropus giganteus (Chiroptera) move along highly regular paths that are characteristic for each of the three food types tested. Mandibular movements are predominantly orthal, although a small forward translation occurs early in opening and small lateral deflections occur in both opening and closing phases. These deflections are related to the existence of active (bolus bearing) and balancing sides of the jaws, chewing being not truly bilateral. The deflections are associated with a shift of both condyles toward one side. In consequence the active condyle is located in a lateral part of the associated fossa, the inactive condyle in a medial part. Food transfer from side to side involves a reversal of the chewing direction during opening. Such reversals are especially frequent near the end of a chewing sequence. The fore, middle, and hind parts of the tongue differ in their movement patterns. Movements of the fore part, and to a lesser extent of the middle part, follow the open-close movements of the lower jaw. The hind part of the tongue moves predominantly dorsally during slow closing and ventrally during fast opening and fast closing. All three parts move forward during slow closing and slow opening, and backward during fast opening and fast closing. Movements of the hyoid are closely synchronized with those of the hind part of the tongue. Furthermore, tongue and hyoid movements are synchronized with jaw movements. All cycles of Pteropus giganteus are transport cycles, and the synchrony appears to reflect the consistency of the food (soft pulp, juices). Food consistency also accounts for the high swallowing rate and the absence of any significant difference between nonswallowing and swallowing cycles.
The kinematics of intraoral transport and swallowing in lizards of the species Uromastix acanthin... more The kinematics of intraoral transport and swallowing in lizards of the species Uromastix acanthinurus (Chamaeleonidae, Leiolepidinae) were investigated using cineradiography (50 frames s-1). Additional recordings were also made using high-speed (500 frames s-1) and conventional video systems (25 frames s-1). Small metal markers were inserted into different parts of the upper and lower jaw and the tongue. Cineradiographic images were digitised, and displacements of the body, head, upper and lower jaw and the tongue were quantified. Twenty additional variables depicting displacements and the timing of events were calculated. Multivariate analyses of variance indicated significant differences between feeding stages. Remarkably, only very few food-type-dependent differences were observed during intraoral transport, and no such differences could be demonstrated during swallowing. Using previously published data for the closely related insectivorous lizard Plocederma stellio, the effect o...
The activity of jaw and hyolingual muscles during the entire feeding sequence is examined in the ... more The activity of jaw and hyolingual muscles during the entire feeding sequence is examined in the lizard Agama stellio, with special focus on the intraoral transport and swallowing stages. Correlation of electromyography (EMG) data with kinematics shows that the kinematic phases (slow opening, SO; fast opening, FO; fast closing, FC; slow closing/power stroke, SC/PS) are characterised by distinct activities in the jaw and hyolingual muscles. The SO phase is clearly the result of tongue protraction (upon protraction, the tongue is pulled against the prey and consequently the lower jaw is pushed down), whereas the FO phase is caused by activity in the jaw opener and dorsal cervical muscles. Both the FC and SC/PS phases are characterised by pronounced activity in the jaw adductor muscles. Tongue retraction is produced by activity in the hyoid and tongue retractor muscles. A quantitative analysis of time-related EMG data shows that, in accordance with the kinematic analyses, three differe...
... Kinematics of the Jaw and Hyolingual Apparatus During Feeding in Caiman crocodilus JOHANCLEUR... more ... Kinematics of the Jaw and Hyolingual Apparatus During Feeding in Caiman crocodilus JOHANCLEUREN AND FRITS DE VREE Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UIA), B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium ... Page 2. 142 J. CLEUREN AND F. DE VREE but cannot be protruded. ...
Synthesis of Physiologic Data from the Mammalian Feeding Apparatus Using FEED, the Feeding Experi... more Synthesis of Physiologic Data from the Mammalian Feeding Apparatus Using FEED, the Feeding Experiments End-User Database Organized by Susan H. Williams, Christine E. Wall, Rebecca Z. German and Christopher J. Vinyard ... 215 Overview of FEED, the Feeding Experiments End-user Database Christine E.Wall, Christopher J.Vinyard, Susan H.Williams,Vladimir Gapeyev, Xianhua Liu, Hilmar Lapp and Rebecca Z. German 224 Mammalian Masticatory Muscles: Homology, Nomenclature, and Diversification Robert E. Druzinsky, Alison H. ...
Quantitative lateral and dorsoventral cineradiography shows that the masticatory movements of the... more Quantitative lateral and dorsoventral cineradiography shows that the masticatory movements of the mandible, condyles, tongue, and hyoid of Pteropus giganteus (Chiroptera) move along highly regular paths that are characteristic for each of the three food types tested. Mandibular movements are predominantly orthal, although a small forward translation occurs early in opening and small lateral deflections occur in both opening and closing phases. These deflections are related to the existence of active (bolus bearing) and balancing sides of the jaws, chewing being not truly bilateral. The deflections are associated with a shift of both condyles toward one side. In consequence the active condyle is located in a lateral part of the associated fossa, the inactive condyle in a medial part. Food transfer from side to side involves a reversal of the chewing direction during opening. Such reversals are especially frequent near the end of a chewing sequence. The fore, middle, and hind parts of the tongue differ in their movement patterns. Movements of the fore part, and to a lesser extent of the middle part, follow the open-close movements of the lower jaw. The hind part of the tongue moves predominantly dorsally during slow closing and ventrally during fast opening and fast closing. All three parts move forward during slow closing and slow opening, and backward during fast opening and fast closing. Movements of the hyoid are closely synchronized with those of the hind part of the tongue. Furthermore, tongue and hyoid movements are synchronized with jaw movements. All cycles of Pteropus giganteus are transport cycles, and the synchrony appears to reflect the consistency of the food (soft pulp, juices). Food consistency also accounts for the high swallowing rate and the absence of any significant difference between nonswallowing and swallowing cycles.
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