This paper attempts to analyse the Lexical Choices in Robert Frost’s The Road Not Taken poem from... more This paper attempts to analyse the Lexical Choices in Robert Frost’s The Road Not Taken poem from the perspectives of stylistics. Stylistics is the study of style of language in literature. It seeks to account for the interpretative effects of a text through close study of its linguistic detail, such as syntactic structuring, semantic deviation, deixis, modality, etc. A piece of work cannot be properly understood without a thorough knowledge of the language, which is its medium of expression. Each register has its own characteristics style with certain lexical and grammatical choices. Poets, particularly modern ones, have successfully freed themselves from constraints of what is so called “poetic language (Sharma, 2009: 31). In this write up, the value of the game considers the lexical choices in the poem “The Road Not Taken ” by Robert Frost in the following categories: nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, lexical categories such as synonymy, antagonymy, contradiction and their sign...
The study investigates two selected Presidential Inaugural Addresses (PIAs) delivered by John Agy... more The study investigates two selected Presidential Inaugural Addresses (PIAs) delivered by John Agyekum Kuffour and John Evans Atta Mills. The objective is to identify the broad thematic outline of the selected PIAs, unravel the ideological positions of Kuffour of the New Patriotic Party (NPP) and Mills of the National Democratic Congress (NDC) expressed covertly and also determine the possible areas of divergence and convergence in ideological standpoints of the two political heads. This is essential because, with the entrenchment of democratic cultures in Africa, the need for a deeper appreciation and application of ideological analysis of linguistic choices of political speakers pertaining to particular social contexts is critical. This study is rooted in CDA approach to discourse analysis based on Fairclough's assumption that, discourse analysis aims at systematically exploring often opaque relationships of causality and determination between; discursive practice/events/texts ...
This paper attempts to analyse the Lexical Choices in Robert Frost's The Road Not Taken poem ... more This paper attempts to analyse the Lexical Choices in Robert Frost's The Road Not Taken poem from the perspectives of stylistics. Stylistics is the study of style of language in literature. It seeks to account for the interpretative effects of a text through close study of its linguistic detail, such as syntactic structuring, semantic deviation, deixis, modality, etc. A piece of work cannot be properly understood without a thorough knowledge of the language, which is its medium of expression. Each register has its own characteristics style with certain lexical and grammatical choices. Poets, particularly modern ones, have successfully freed themselves from constraints of what is so called 'poetic language (Sharma, 2009: 31). In this write up, the value of the game considers the lexical choices in the poem "The Road Not Taken' by Robert Frost in the following categories: nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, lexical categories such as synonymy, antonymy, contradiction ...
The study was undertaken to unearth and implore the necessary strategies to blend five and six le... more The study was undertaken to unearth and implore the necessary strategies to blend five and six letters to form a meaningful word. The research instrument used was test items. All the pupils in the class took the same test thus, pre-test. It was used to gather data baseline information before the research was carried out on them. Biographic data of their responses were analyzed, discussed and the findings brought to the face. The study revealed the areas in which the pupils falter when reading and the appropriate techniques and strategies were used to control its occurrence. Based on the findings, the researcher gave some recommendations. Teachers should have mastery over the subject matter and also use the appropriate methods in the teaching of the topic. Again, they should make their lessons child centered to avoid scaring the pupils off. The study further opens the door for more research into pupil's inability to blend five and six letters to form meaningful words.
Since the dawn of time, women generally have had fewer legal rights and status in society than th... more Since the dawn of time, women generally have had fewer legal rights and status in society than their male counterparts. The continuous subordination and suppression of women are further aggravated by traditions, cultural beliefs and religions of most societies which favor patriarchy. Using the radical feminist approach, the present paper attempts an exploration of patriarchy as an aspect of culture which helps to subordinate women as highlighted in Nawal El Saadawi’s A Woman at Point Zero (1983), Buchi Emecheta’s The Joys of Motherhood (1979), and Amma Darko’s Beyond the Horizon (1995). It also examines the steps taken by the women to free themselves from the “chains” of male domination and oppression . The study revealed that cultural practices such as polygamy, female genital mutilation and sexual abuse facilitate the abuse, subjugation and oppression of women in the novels under study. The study has implications for the theory of feminism and literary criticisms. Article visuali...
The study investigates two selected Presidential Inaugural Addresses (PIAs) delivered by John Agy... more The study investigates two selected Presidential Inaugural Addresses (PIAs) delivered by John Agyekum Kuffour and John Evans Atta Mills. The objective is to identify the broad thematic outline of the selected PIAs, unravel the ideological positions of Kuffour of the New Patriotic Party (NPP) and Mills of the National Democratic Congress (NDC) expressed covertly and also determine the possible areas of divergence and convergence in ideological standpoints of the two political heads. This is essential because, with the entrenchment of democratic cultures in Africa, the need for a deeper appreciation and application of ideological analysis of linguistic choices of political speakers pertaining to particular social contexts is critical. This study is rooted in CDA approach to discourse analysis based on Fairclough’s assumption that, discourse analysis aims at systematically exploring often opaque relationships of causality and determination between; discursive practice/events/texts and ...
The study was undertaken to unearth and implore the necessary strategies to blend five and six le... more The study was undertaken to unearth and implore the necessary strategies to blend five and six letters to form a meaningful word. The research instrument used was test items. All the pupils in the class took the same test thus, pre-test. It was used to gather data baseline information before the research was carried out on them. Biographic data of their responses were analyzed, discussed and the findings brought to the face. The study revealed the areas in which the pupils falter when reading and the appropriate techniques and strategies were used to control its occurrence. Based on the findings, the researcher gave some recommendations. Teachers should have mastery over the subject matter and also use the appropriate methods in the teaching of the topic. Again, they should make their lessons child centered to avoid scaring the pupils off. The study further opens the door for more research into pupil’s inability to blend five and six letters to form meaningful words. Article visuali...
This project was undertaken to examine “The Effect of Lexical Borrowing in Techiman, Ghana. A Cas... more This project was undertaken to examine “The Effect of Lexical Borrowing in Techiman, Ghana. A Case Study of the Brong Ahafo Region”. This became necessary because, it revealed the causes of lexical borrowings such as; lack of vocabulary, easy communication and prestige attached to a language. Through questionnaire, interview and review of related literature, it was revealed that the causes of phenomenon include; lack of vocabulary, easy communication, prestige attached to the language and to be accepted in the society. The researchers employed questionnaire and interview through random sampling. The population included one hundred (100) of which sixty (60) were females and forty (40) were males. This was done through few questionnaires printed for the completion by the respondents, interviews and tap recording, This project was based on some groups of words which were borrowed from English language to Bono language of which include the changes that occurred were explained in depth. ...
The study explores the relationship between literature and culture through an analysis of Ama Ata... more The study explores the relationship between literature and culture through an analysis of Ama Ata Aidoo’s Anowa and Efua Sutherland’s Edufa. The essay begins with a general discussion on the definition of culture by proponents like Stephen Greenblat, Mathew Arnold and Raymond Williams. This is followed by a discussion of each play, looking at their synopses and their themes that portray some aspects of the cultural practices and concepts of the Akans and the significance of these references. The conclusion gives a reflection of both writers having insights into cultural practices and beliefs and how they should be upheld. It also touches on how language and style enhance the presentation of the themes of both works. Keywords: Synopsis, Cultural Practices, Beliefs, Themes
The importance of poetry in the life of the child cannot be over-emphasized. This has to the nece... more The importance of poetry in the life of the child cannot be over-emphasized. This has to the necessity of incorporating the teaching of this aspect of literature in the curriculum at the Junior High School level in Ghana. This works looks at the importance of poetry and what it seeks to achieve in the life of the child and then, delves into the pedagogies involved in treating the subject at this level of study. It provides the necessary steps that can guide teachers to do the teaching of poetry with ease and also to stimulate the interest of the pupils at this level of education. Article visualizations:
This paper attempts to analyse the Lexical Choices in Robert Frost's The Road Not Taken poem ... more This paper attempts to analyse the Lexical Choices in Robert Frost's The Road Not Taken poem from the perspectives of stylistics. Stylistics is the study of style of language in literature. It seeks to account for the interpretative effects of a text through close study of its linguistic detail, such as syntactic structuring, semantic deviation, deixis, modality, etc. A piece of work cannot be properly understood without a thorough knowledge of the language, which is its medium of expression. Each register has its own characteristics style with certain lexical and grammatical choices. Poets, particularly modern ones, have successfully freed themselves from constraints of what is so called ‚poetic language (Sharma, 2009: 31). In this write up, the value of the game considers the lexical choices in the poem " The Road Not Taken‛ by Robert Frost in the following categories: nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, lexical categories such as synonymy, antagonymy, contradiction and t...
Aesthetics in Modern African Poetry 1. Introduction The idea of aesthetics may be generally said ... more Aesthetics in Modern African Poetry 1. Introduction The idea of aesthetics may be generally said to root from Aristotle's reaction to Plato's views on the essence of the poetic message. Plato's view of poetry is from the utilitarian standpoint, a means to improve man's life. But the works of art during Plato's period were not based on any existing theory of poetry, and therefore Plato's criticism on them was not informed by any known literary principles. It does not follow any system of conventions that make literature possible. In his reaction to Plato's views on poetry, Aristotle emphasizes form and style in his Poetics. He perceives the universal quality of an idea as being inside it, and not outside. A thing is what it is due to its inherent qualities and so it is only the scientifically minded person who can discover and describe it. Hence, he defines and analyzes structures of poetry. Unlike Plato, Aristotle concludes that the morality of poetry is not the crucial issue about it but how true it is as art. This is because correct imitation is a source of pleasure and learning at the same time (Aristotle, Poetics; cited in Allan, 1982). This assumption presumably marks the beginning of the aesthetic function of art. The foregoing view shows that the poetic message has an autonomous status since its importance is not sought for outside it—because no extra-textual considerations are given to judge it. It follows that art is studied for the pleasure it gives but not the moral lesson it teaches. Thus Aristotle emphasizes art for art sake, denouncing Plato's assertions about poetry being immoral and corrupting the youth. Literary work and poetry for that matter reveals two underlying structures: the deep structure and the surface structure. The former and the latter are the equivalents of the Formalists' Fabula and Sjuzet respectively. The deep structure is the raw message which is not affected by the stylistic choices of the author. It is nonconcrete and hypothetical, and requires some level of abstraction on the part of the reader to extract it. The surface structure is how the message is organized. It may be described as the representation of the deep structure in a discourse and hence can be used to interpret it though it needs a certain level of systematization. In other words, the surface structure of poetic art gives expression to the deep structure which is the message. Aesthetics in art focuses on the surface structure which has two dimensions: the verbal construction and the structural construction. The former deals with the writer's choice of words, devices and general language use or diction, while the former deals with how the text is organized. On the basis of form or structure, the Formalist and the Structuralist have a common principle. Formalists maintain that a literary work contains certain intrinsic features, and the theory establishes the
This paper attempts to analyse the Lexical Choices in Robert Frost’s The Road Not Taken poem from... more This paper attempts to analyse the Lexical Choices in Robert Frost’s The Road Not Taken poem from the perspectives of stylistics. Stylistics is the study of style of language in literature. It seeks to account for the interpretative effects of a text through close study of its linguistic detail, such as syntactic structuring, semantic deviation, deixis, modality, etc. A piece of work cannot be properly understood without a thorough knowledge of the language, which is its medium of expression. Each register has its own characteristics style with certain lexical and grammatical choices. Poets, particularly modern ones, have successfully freed themselves from constraints of what is so called “poetic language (Sharma, 2009: 31). In this write up, the value of the game considers the lexical choices in the poem “The Road Not Taken ” by Robert Frost in the following categories: nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, lexical categories such as synonymy, antagonymy, contradiction and their sign...
The study investigates two selected Presidential Inaugural Addresses (PIAs) delivered by John Agy... more The study investigates two selected Presidential Inaugural Addresses (PIAs) delivered by John Agyekum Kuffour and John Evans Atta Mills. The objective is to identify the broad thematic outline of the selected PIAs, unravel the ideological positions of Kuffour of the New Patriotic Party (NPP) and Mills of the National Democratic Congress (NDC) expressed covertly and also determine the possible areas of divergence and convergence in ideological standpoints of the two political heads. This is essential because, with the entrenchment of democratic cultures in Africa, the need for a deeper appreciation and application of ideological analysis of linguistic choices of political speakers pertaining to particular social contexts is critical. This study is rooted in CDA approach to discourse analysis based on Fairclough's assumption that, discourse analysis aims at systematically exploring often opaque relationships of causality and determination between; discursive practice/events/texts ...
This paper attempts to analyse the Lexical Choices in Robert Frost's The Road Not Taken poem ... more This paper attempts to analyse the Lexical Choices in Robert Frost's The Road Not Taken poem from the perspectives of stylistics. Stylistics is the study of style of language in literature. It seeks to account for the interpretative effects of a text through close study of its linguistic detail, such as syntactic structuring, semantic deviation, deixis, modality, etc. A piece of work cannot be properly understood without a thorough knowledge of the language, which is its medium of expression. Each register has its own characteristics style with certain lexical and grammatical choices. Poets, particularly modern ones, have successfully freed themselves from constraints of what is so called 'poetic language (Sharma, 2009: 31). In this write up, the value of the game considers the lexical choices in the poem "The Road Not Taken' by Robert Frost in the following categories: nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, lexical categories such as synonymy, antonymy, contradiction ...
The study was undertaken to unearth and implore the necessary strategies to blend five and six le... more The study was undertaken to unearth and implore the necessary strategies to blend five and six letters to form a meaningful word. The research instrument used was test items. All the pupils in the class took the same test thus, pre-test. It was used to gather data baseline information before the research was carried out on them. Biographic data of their responses were analyzed, discussed and the findings brought to the face. The study revealed the areas in which the pupils falter when reading and the appropriate techniques and strategies were used to control its occurrence. Based on the findings, the researcher gave some recommendations. Teachers should have mastery over the subject matter and also use the appropriate methods in the teaching of the topic. Again, they should make their lessons child centered to avoid scaring the pupils off. The study further opens the door for more research into pupil's inability to blend five and six letters to form meaningful words.
Since the dawn of time, women generally have had fewer legal rights and status in society than th... more Since the dawn of time, women generally have had fewer legal rights and status in society than their male counterparts. The continuous subordination and suppression of women are further aggravated by traditions, cultural beliefs and religions of most societies which favor patriarchy. Using the radical feminist approach, the present paper attempts an exploration of patriarchy as an aspect of culture which helps to subordinate women as highlighted in Nawal El Saadawi’s A Woman at Point Zero (1983), Buchi Emecheta’s The Joys of Motherhood (1979), and Amma Darko’s Beyond the Horizon (1995). It also examines the steps taken by the women to free themselves from the “chains” of male domination and oppression . The study revealed that cultural practices such as polygamy, female genital mutilation and sexual abuse facilitate the abuse, subjugation and oppression of women in the novels under study. The study has implications for the theory of feminism and literary criticisms. Article visuali...
The study investigates two selected Presidential Inaugural Addresses (PIAs) delivered by John Agy... more The study investigates two selected Presidential Inaugural Addresses (PIAs) delivered by John Agyekum Kuffour and John Evans Atta Mills. The objective is to identify the broad thematic outline of the selected PIAs, unravel the ideological positions of Kuffour of the New Patriotic Party (NPP) and Mills of the National Democratic Congress (NDC) expressed covertly and also determine the possible areas of divergence and convergence in ideological standpoints of the two political heads. This is essential because, with the entrenchment of democratic cultures in Africa, the need for a deeper appreciation and application of ideological analysis of linguistic choices of political speakers pertaining to particular social contexts is critical. This study is rooted in CDA approach to discourse analysis based on Fairclough’s assumption that, discourse analysis aims at systematically exploring often opaque relationships of causality and determination between; discursive practice/events/texts and ...
The study was undertaken to unearth and implore the necessary strategies to blend five and six le... more The study was undertaken to unearth and implore the necessary strategies to blend five and six letters to form a meaningful word. The research instrument used was test items. All the pupils in the class took the same test thus, pre-test. It was used to gather data baseline information before the research was carried out on them. Biographic data of their responses were analyzed, discussed and the findings brought to the face. The study revealed the areas in which the pupils falter when reading and the appropriate techniques and strategies were used to control its occurrence. Based on the findings, the researcher gave some recommendations. Teachers should have mastery over the subject matter and also use the appropriate methods in the teaching of the topic. Again, they should make their lessons child centered to avoid scaring the pupils off. The study further opens the door for more research into pupil’s inability to blend five and six letters to form meaningful words. Article visuali...
This project was undertaken to examine “The Effect of Lexical Borrowing in Techiman, Ghana. A Cas... more This project was undertaken to examine “The Effect of Lexical Borrowing in Techiman, Ghana. A Case Study of the Brong Ahafo Region”. This became necessary because, it revealed the causes of lexical borrowings such as; lack of vocabulary, easy communication and prestige attached to a language. Through questionnaire, interview and review of related literature, it was revealed that the causes of phenomenon include; lack of vocabulary, easy communication, prestige attached to the language and to be accepted in the society. The researchers employed questionnaire and interview through random sampling. The population included one hundred (100) of which sixty (60) were females and forty (40) were males. This was done through few questionnaires printed for the completion by the respondents, interviews and tap recording, This project was based on some groups of words which were borrowed from English language to Bono language of which include the changes that occurred were explained in depth. ...
The study explores the relationship between literature and culture through an analysis of Ama Ata... more The study explores the relationship between literature and culture through an analysis of Ama Ata Aidoo’s Anowa and Efua Sutherland’s Edufa. The essay begins with a general discussion on the definition of culture by proponents like Stephen Greenblat, Mathew Arnold and Raymond Williams. This is followed by a discussion of each play, looking at their synopses and their themes that portray some aspects of the cultural practices and concepts of the Akans and the significance of these references. The conclusion gives a reflection of both writers having insights into cultural practices and beliefs and how they should be upheld. It also touches on how language and style enhance the presentation of the themes of both works. Keywords: Synopsis, Cultural Practices, Beliefs, Themes
The importance of poetry in the life of the child cannot be over-emphasized. This has to the nece... more The importance of poetry in the life of the child cannot be over-emphasized. This has to the necessity of incorporating the teaching of this aspect of literature in the curriculum at the Junior High School level in Ghana. This works looks at the importance of poetry and what it seeks to achieve in the life of the child and then, delves into the pedagogies involved in treating the subject at this level of study. It provides the necessary steps that can guide teachers to do the teaching of poetry with ease and also to stimulate the interest of the pupils at this level of education. Article visualizations:
This paper attempts to analyse the Lexical Choices in Robert Frost's The Road Not Taken poem ... more This paper attempts to analyse the Lexical Choices in Robert Frost's The Road Not Taken poem from the perspectives of stylistics. Stylistics is the study of style of language in literature. It seeks to account for the interpretative effects of a text through close study of its linguistic detail, such as syntactic structuring, semantic deviation, deixis, modality, etc. A piece of work cannot be properly understood without a thorough knowledge of the language, which is its medium of expression. Each register has its own characteristics style with certain lexical and grammatical choices. Poets, particularly modern ones, have successfully freed themselves from constraints of what is so called ‚poetic language (Sharma, 2009: 31). In this write up, the value of the game considers the lexical choices in the poem " The Road Not Taken‛ by Robert Frost in the following categories: nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, lexical categories such as synonymy, antagonymy, contradiction and t...
Aesthetics in Modern African Poetry 1. Introduction The idea of aesthetics may be generally said ... more Aesthetics in Modern African Poetry 1. Introduction The idea of aesthetics may be generally said to root from Aristotle's reaction to Plato's views on the essence of the poetic message. Plato's view of poetry is from the utilitarian standpoint, a means to improve man's life. But the works of art during Plato's period were not based on any existing theory of poetry, and therefore Plato's criticism on them was not informed by any known literary principles. It does not follow any system of conventions that make literature possible. In his reaction to Plato's views on poetry, Aristotle emphasizes form and style in his Poetics. He perceives the universal quality of an idea as being inside it, and not outside. A thing is what it is due to its inherent qualities and so it is only the scientifically minded person who can discover and describe it. Hence, he defines and analyzes structures of poetry. Unlike Plato, Aristotle concludes that the morality of poetry is not the crucial issue about it but how true it is as art. This is because correct imitation is a source of pleasure and learning at the same time (Aristotle, Poetics; cited in Allan, 1982). This assumption presumably marks the beginning of the aesthetic function of art. The foregoing view shows that the poetic message has an autonomous status since its importance is not sought for outside it—because no extra-textual considerations are given to judge it. It follows that art is studied for the pleasure it gives but not the moral lesson it teaches. Thus Aristotle emphasizes art for art sake, denouncing Plato's assertions about poetry being immoral and corrupting the youth. Literary work and poetry for that matter reveals two underlying structures: the deep structure and the surface structure. The former and the latter are the equivalents of the Formalists' Fabula and Sjuzet respectively. The deep structure is the raw message which is not affected by the stylistic choices of the author. It is nonconcrete and hypothetical, and requires some level of abstraction on the part of the reader to extract it. The surface structure is how the message is organized. It may be described as the representation of the deep structure in a discourse and hence can be used to interpret it though it needs a certain level of systematization. In other words, the surface structure of poetic art gives expression to the deep structure which is the message. Aesthetics in art focuses on the surface structure which has two dimensions: the verbal construction and the structural construction. The former deals with the writer's choice of words, devices and general language use or diction, while the former deals with how the text is organized. On the basis of form or structure, the Formalist and the Structuralist have a common principle. Formalists maintain that a literary work contains certain intrinsic features, and the theory establishes the
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