Liquidity is said to be the lifeblood of stock markets. It has prominent implications for traders... more Liquidity is said to be the lifeblood of stock markets. It has prominent implications for traders, regulators, stock exchanges and the listed firms. In recent years a huge amount of literature has emerged that deals with liquidity. This article classifies and organises the literature and provides a critical review of the frameworks currently available for modelling liquidity and its macroeconomic and firm specific drivers. Commonality and intraday behaviour of liquidity in various markets is discussed under the umbrella of market microstructures. Subsequently, liquidity risk as a factor in Asset pricing is analysed taking various models in to consideration. Finally, the study reviewed the impact of liquidity on corporate finance decisions viz. dividends, firm valuation, stock split, capital structure etc.
Introduction: Hallux valgus is the one of the commonest forefoot deformities. Apart from cosmetic... more Introduction: Hallux valgus is the one of the commonest forefoot deformities. Apart from cosmetic perspectives it can be problematic because of its pressure effects. Though common in the age group of 30-60s in females of shoe wearing population, It’s incidence in general population is also increasing. Many procedures have been documented in literature to correct such deformity. Mitchell’s osteotomy is one of the treatment options for such deformity. This osteotomy is actually two transverse osteotomies in which one is incomplete, forming a step cut. The distal fragment is displaced medially and planter-wards aiming to restore the function of the feet. Material and Methods: Thirty patients with ten bilateral feet’s of hallux valgus deformities were operated at Bone and Joints hospital between the years 2007-2012. We had 23 females and 7 male patients with all the bilateral cases being females. The age group was between 19 years to 35 years. The follow up period was between 2 years to 7 years. The pre-operative radiograph of Antero posterior view was taken and recorded. The indications for surgery included pain, difficulty in foot wear and cosmoses. Results: All patients were assessed according to a protocol based on the AOFAS (Smith et al 1984) and re-assessed at three-monthly intervals. Pain improved from 23 + 5.2 to 36 +5 on final follow up (max 40). Functional score improved from 31+ 4.1 to 42 +1.2 and alignment score from 3 + 2.3 to 16 +2.4 on final follow up. Overall AOFAS score improved from 58 +1.6 to 94 +8.6. Radiographic results of the procedure were also satisfactory. Preoperatively the Hallux valgus angle was 30.3 + 7.1 degrees which improved to 11.1 +4.9 degrees on final follow up. The Inter metatarsal angle also improved from a preoperative score of 15.7 + 2.9 to 7 + 2.0 Conclusion: Mitchell’s procedure is simple, cheap and can safely address the hallux valgus deformity with good postoperative function results, both clinical and radiological. Osteotomy is stable and avascular necrosis can be easily avoided by careful soft tissue handling.
Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India, 2002
Pseudoaneurysm of the facial artery has very characteristic clinical features and radiological fi... more Pseudoaneurysm of the facial artery has very characteristic clinical features and radiological findings and can be treated with successful catheter emholisation, thus decreasing the morbidity associated with surgical procedure. A rare case of pseudoaneurysm of the facial artery is presented here for clinical interest.
Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India, 2003
People working in mines, plating factories, cement industries are mainly exposed to chrome substa... more People working in mines, plating factories, cement industries are mainly exposed to chrome substances, IIexavalent chromium has been implicated for its toxic effect on the nasal mucosa. Hereby we present a rare study of 28 patients who attended out patient department of Otorhinolaryngology at SSG Hospital, Baroda from a nearby chromium industry. This study aims to present various nasal manifestations of toxic effects of prolonged chromium exposure.
Purpose To determine whether variable hepatic microwave ablation (MWA) can induce local inflammat... more Purpose To determine whether variable hepatic microwave ablation (MWA) can induce local inflammation and distant pro-oncogenic effects compared with hepatic radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in an animal model. Materials and Methods In this institutional Animal Care and Use Committee-approved study, F344 rats (150 gm, n = 96) with subcutaneous R3230 breast adenocarcinoma tumors had normal non-tumor-bearing liver treated with RFA (70°C × 5 minutes), rapid higher-power MWA (20 W × 15 seconds), slower lower-power MWA (5 W × 2 minutes), or a sham procedure (needle placement without energy) and were sacrificed at 6 hours to 7 days (four time points; six animals per arm per time point). Ablation settings produced 11.4 mm ± 0.8 of coagulation for all groups. Distant tumor growth rates were determined to 7 days after treatment. Liver heat shock protein (HSP) 70 levels (at 72 hours) and macrophages (CD68 at 7 days), tumor proliferative indexes (Ki-67 and CD34 at 7 days), and serum and tissue lev...
Immunophilins are abundantly present in the brain as compared to the immune system. Immunophilin-... more Immunophilins are abundantly present in the brain as compared to the immune system. Immunophilin-binding agents like FK506 are known to inactivate neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) by inhibiting calcineurin and decrease the production of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is involved in the mediation of nociception at the spinal level. In the present study, the effect of FK506 on the tail flick response in mice and the possible involvement of NO-L-arginine pathway in this paradigm was evaluated. FK506 (0.5, 1 and 3 mg/kg, ip) produced a significant antinociception in the tail flick test. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME significantly and dose dependently (10-40 mg/kg, ip) potentiated the FK506 (0.5 mg/kg)-induced antinociception. On the other hand, NOS substrate L-arginine (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) inhibited the FK506-induced antinociception in a dose-dependent manner. Concomitant administration of L-NAME (20 and 40 mg/kg) with L-arginine (200 mg/kg) blocked the inhibition exerted by L-arginine on the FK506-induced antinociception. Thus, it was concluded that NO- L-arginine pathway may be involved in the FK506-induced antinociception in tail flick test.
Liquidity is said to be the lifeblood of stock markets. It has prominent implications for traders... more Liquidity is said to be the lifeblood of stock markets. It has prominent implications for traders, regulators, stock exchanges and the listed firms. In recent years a huge amount of literature has emerged that deals with liquidity. This article classifies and organises the literature and provides a critical review of the frameworks currently available for modelling liquidity and its macroeconomic and firm specific drivers. Commonality and intraday behaviour of liquidity in various markets is discussed under the umbrella of market microstructures. Subsequently, liquidity risk as a factor in Asset pricing is analysed taking various models in to consideration. Finally, the study reviewed the impact of liquidity on corporate finance decisions viz. dividends, firm valuation, stock split, capital structure etc.
Introduction: Hallux valgus is the one of the commonest forefoot deformities. Apart from cosmetic... more Introduction: Hallux valgus is the one of the commonest forefoot deformities. Apart from cosmetic perspectives it can be problematic because of its pressure effects. Though common in the age group of 30-60s in females of shoe wearing population, It’s incidence in general population is also increasing. Many procedures have been documented in literature to correct such deformity. Mitchell’s osteotomy is one of the treatment options for such deformity. This osteotomy is actually two transverse osteotomies in which one is incomplete, forming a step cut. The distal fragment is displaced medially and planter-wards aiming to restore the function of the feet. Material and Methods: Thirty patients with ten bilateral feet’s of hallux valgus deformities were operated at Bone and Joints hospital between the years 2007-2012. We had 23 females and 7 male patients with all the bilateral cases being females. The age group was between 19 years to 35 years. The follow up period was between 2 years to 7 years. The pre-operative radiograph of Antero posterior view was taken and recorded. The indications for surgery included pain, difficulty in foot wear and cosmoses. Results: All patients were assessed according to a protocol based on the AOFAS (Smith et al 1984) and re-assessed at three-monthly intervals. Pain improved from 23 + 5.2 to 36 +5 on final follow up (max 40). Functional score improved from 31+ 4.1 to 42 +1.2 and alignment score from 3 + 2.3 to 16 +2.4 on final follow up. Overall AOFAS score improved from 58 +1.6 to 94 +8.6. Radiographic results of the procedure were also satisfactory. Preoperatively the Hallux valgus angle was 30.3 + 7.1 degrees which improved to 11.1 +4.9 degrees on final follow up. The Inter metatarsal angle also improved from a preoperative score of 15.7 + 2.9 to 7 + 2.0 Conclusion: Mitchell’s procedure is simple, cheap and can safely address the hallux valgus deformity with good postoperative function results, both clinical and radiological. Osteotomy is stable and avascular necrosis can be easily avoided by careful soft tissue handling.
Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India, 2002
Pseudoaneurysm of the facial artery has very characteristic clinical features and radiological fi... more Pseudoaneurysm of the facial artery has very characteristic clinical features and radiological findings and can be treated with successful catheter emholisation, thus decreasing the morbidity associated with surgical procedure. A rare case of pseudoaneurysm of the facial artery is presented here for clinical interest.
Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India, 2003
People working in mines, plating factories, cement industries are mainly exposed to chrome substa... more People working in mines, plating factories, cement industries are mainly exposed to chrome substances, IIexavalent chromium has been implicated for its toxic effect on the nasal mucosa. Hereby we present a rare study of 28 patients who attended out patient department of Otorhinolaryngology at SSG Hospital, Baroda from a nearby chromium industry. This study aims to present various nasal manifestations of toxic effects of prolonged chromium exposure.
Purpose To determine whether variable hepatic microwave ablation (MWA) can induce local inflammat... more Purpose To determine whether variable hepatic microwave ablation (MWA) can induce local inflammation and distant pro-oncogenic effects compared with hepatic radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in an animal model. Materials and Methods In this institutional Animal Care and Use Committee-approved study, F344 rats (150 gm, n = 96) with subcutaneous R3230 breast adenocarcinoma tumors had normal non-tumor-bearing liver treated with RFA (70°C × 5 minutes), rapid higher-power MWA (20 W × 15 seconds), slower lower-power MWA (5 W × 2 minutes), or a sham procedure (needle placement without energy) and were sacrificed at 6 hours to 7 days (four time points; six animals per arm per time point). Ablation settings produced 11.4 mm ± 0.8 of coagulation for all groups. Distant tumor growth rates were determined to 7 days after treatment. Liver heat shock protein (HSP) 70 levels (at 72 hours) and macrophages (CD68 at 7 days), tumor proliferative indexes (Ki-67 and CD34 at 7 days), and serum and tissue lev...
Immunophilins are abundantly present in the brain as compared to the immune system. Immunophilin-... more Immunophilins are abundantly present in the brain as compared to the immune system. Immunophilin-binding agents like FK506 are known to inactivate neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) by inhibiting calcineurin and decrease the production of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is involved in the mediation of nociception at the spinal level. In the present study, the effect of FK506 on the tail flick response in mice and the possible involvement of NO-L-arginine pathway in this paradigm was evaluated. FK506 (0.5, 1 and 3 mg/kg, ip) produced a significant antinociception in the tail flick test. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME significantly and dose dependently (10-40 mg/kg, ip) potentiated the FK506 (0.5 mg/kg)-induced antinociception. On the other hand, NOS substrate L-arginine (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) inhibited the FK506-induced antinociception in a dose-dependent manner. Concomitant administration of L-NAME (20 and 40 mg/kg) with L-arginine (200 mg/kg) blocked the inhibition exerted by L-arginine on the FK506-induced antinociception. Thus, it was concluded that NO- L-arginine pathway may be involved in the FK506-induced antinociception in tail flick test.
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