Cloud Computing

Recent research on software revenue and pricing models has revealed important ways in which firms can benefit from software renting. However, it is still unclear how SaaS providers select a proper revenue and pricing model to make their services attractive for customers. Based on 32 interviews with software professionals from four case firms, this study reveals how different factors impacted on the selection of a revenue and pricing model. It can be concluded that customers’ needs were the main driving force to the selection of the most appropriate pricing and revenue model in the market.

The idea of Homomorphic encryption is to make sure data confidentiality in messages, storage or in utilize by processes with methods similar to conventional cryptography, but with additional abilities to compute over encrypted data, searching an encrypted data, etc. A homomorphism is a property by which a problem in one algebraic system can be converted to a problem in another algebraic system, be solved and the solution later can also be converted back successfully. Therefore, homomorphism composes secure delegation of computation to a third party feasible. Various conventional encryption schemes have either multiplicative or additive Homomorphic property and are presently in use for personal applications. So far, a Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) scheme which could perform any arbitrary computation over encrypted data appeared in 2009 as Gentry's work. In this paper, we suggest a multi-cloud architecture of M distributed servers to repartition the data and to almost permit achieving an FHE.

— The cloud is no longer in future, it’s here today. The cloud has fundamentally changed the landscape of computing. Governments are facing critical challenge of improving resource utilization, increase service responsiveness, distributed storage of data, availability of resources at lower cost. In order to fulfil this huge challenge, Governments are fast adopting the new paradigm of computing: Cloud Computing. Governments are moving into Cloud as its adoption presents numerous costs, agility, and operational advantages. In early days of cloud, much of the debate focused on the different merits of Public & Private cloud and the best scenarios, in which a particular model should be adopted. Now there’s a growing realization that Hybrid Cloud is the best model for the government. The paper describes characteristics of each cloud computing deployment models and describes the best scenarios in which a particular model should be adopted based on certain parameters. However, the best scen...

A comprehensive political and design theory of planetary-scale computation proposing that The Stack—an accidental megastructure—is both a technological apparatus and a model for a new geopolitical architecture.
What has planetary-scale computation done to our geopolitical realities? It takes different forms at different scales—from energy and mineral sourcing and subterranean cloud infrastructure to urban software and massive universal addressing systems; from interfaces drawn by the augmentation of the hand and eye to users identified by self—quantification and the arrival of legions of sensors, algorithms, and robots. Together, how do these distort and deform modern political geographies and produce new territories in their own image?

In The Stack, Benjamin Bratton proposes that these different genres of computation—smart grids, cloud platforms, mobile apps, smart cities, the Internet of Things, automation—can be seen not as so many species evolving on their own, but as forming a coherent whole: an accidental megastructure called The Stack that is both a computational apparatus and a new governing architecture. We are inside The Stack and it is inside of us.

In an account that is both theoretical and technical, drawing on political philosophy, architectural theory, and software studies, Bratton explores six layers of The Stack: Earth, Cloud, City, Address, Interface, User. Each is mapped on its own terms and understood as a component within the larger whole built from hard and soft systems intermingling—not only computational forms but also social, human, and physical forces. This model, informed by the logic of the multilayered structure of protocol “stacks,” in which network technologies operate within a modular and vertical order, offers a comprehensive image of our emerging infrastructure and a platform for its ongoing reinvention.

The Stack is an interdisciplinary design brief for a new geopolitics that works with and for planetary-scale computation. Interweaving the continental, urban, and perceptual scales, it shows how we can better build, dwell within, communicate with, and govern our worlds.

With the increasing utilization of the Internet and its provided services, an increase in cyber-attacks to exploit the information occurs. A technology to store and maintain user's information that is mostly used for its simplicity and low-cost services is cloud computing (CC). Also, a new model of computing that is noteworthy today is mobile cloud computing (MCC) that is used to reduce the limitations of mobile devices by allowing them to offload certain computations to the remote cloud. The cloud environment may consist of critical or essential information of an organization; therefore, to prevent this environment from possible attacks a security solution is needed. An intrusion detection system (IDS) is a solution to these security issues. An IDS is a hardware or software device that can examine all inside and outside network activities and recognize doubtful patterns that may demonstrate a network attack and automatically alert the network (or system) administrator. Because of the ability of an IDS to detect known/unknown (inside/outside) attacks, it is an excellent choice for securing cloud computing. Various methods are used in an intrusion detection system to recognize attacks more accurately. Unlike survey papers presented so far, this paper aims to present a comprehensive survey of intrusion detection systems that use computational intelligence (CI) methods in a (mobile) cloud environment. We firstly provide an overview of CC and MCC paradigms and service models, also reviewing security threats in these contexts. Previous literature is critically surveyed, highlighting the advantages and limitations of previous work. Then we define a taxonomy for IDS and classify CI-based techniques into single and hybrid methods. Finally, we highlight open issues and future directions for research on this topic.

In recent years, media has become ubiquitous
and important for networking and content
sharing. Interest in the impact of media on the
“real world” is as old as media itself. At the
dawn of a new era, vast expansion in the
advancement of technology have placed
media on an important platform The
conventional mass media has been replaced
by up-to-date most complicated and most
sophisticated means. The technological
revolution has made the information process
expedient. The importance of media
technology is widely recognized as a body of
work which has focused almost exclusively
on technology as a driving force of social
change. Then we go further and examine how
the development and application of
technology have advanced the media means.
This discussion takes into account, the
technologies that form the basis of our media
and how it can be a revolution to whole of the
world. In recent years, the explosion of new
media has caused new anxieties. In this
respect a research is needed to enhance the
use of media+ technology in detection of
crimes, corruption live telecasting etc.,
making the work much more easier for the
society to face and handle everyday life in a
secured and peaceful manner.
So, finally we focus some researches
to be made in the field of media + technology
that how it can be used for crime detection,
medical and live telecast and also how it can
be made easier for the blind ,the deaf and the
illiterate to get cognizant of everyday
happenings all over the world and get
updated.

In this paper, a resource management technique is proposed to handle the request of Virtual Machines (VM’s) as per the need of users, consisting of resources (mips, vm image size, network bandwidth, number of cpu’s) containing cloudlets which in turn are cloud-based application services (content delivery, social networks) commonly deployed in data centers. There are three priority mechanisms governing the user’s requests namely low, medium and high priority requests. Here, the priority is given to the amount of VM’s requested. To implement the above concept, the Hybrid Cloud model is used by which the benefits of both the private and public clouds can be reaped. This model has its advantages that it proves to be cost-effective as the resources are effectively utilized from private clouds and only when exhausted are taken from public clouds which is cheaper.

In this paper, a resource management technique is proposed to handle the request of Virtual Machines (VM's) as per the need of users, consisting of resources (mips, vm image size, network bandwidth, number of cpu's) containing cloudlets which in turn are cloud-based application services (content delivery, social networks) commonly deployed in data centers. There are three priority mechanisms governing the user's requests namely low, medium and high priority requests. Here, the priority is given to the amount of VM's requested. To implement the above concept, the Hybrid Cloud model is used by which the benefits of both the private and public clouds can be reaped. This model has its advantages that it proves to be cost-effective as the resources are effectively utilized from private clouds and only when exhausted are taken from public clouds which is cheaper.

Cloud computing offers an innovative business model to enterprise for IT services consumption and delivery. Software as a Service (SaaS) is one of the cloud offerings that attract organisations as a potential solution in reducing their IT cost. However, the vast diversity among the available cloud SaaS services makes it difficult for customers to decide whose vendor services to use or even to determine a valid basis for their selections. Moreover, this variety of cloud SaaS services has led to proprietary architectures and technologies being used by cloud vendors, increasing the risk of vendor lock-in for customers. Therefore, when enterprises interact with SaaS providers within the purview of the current cloud marketplace, they often encounter significant lock-in challenges to migrating and interconnecting cloud. Hence, the complexity and variety of cloud SaaS service offerings makes it imperative for businesses to use a clear and well understood decision process to procure, migrate and/or discontinue cloud services. To date, the expertise and technological solutions to simplify such transition and facilitate good decision making to avoid lock-in risks in the cloud are limited. Besides, little investigation has been carried out to provide a comprehensive decision framework to support enterprises on how to avoid lock-in risks when selecting and implementing cloud-based SaaS solutions within existing environments. Such decision framework is important to reduce complexity and variations in implementation patterns on the cloud provider side, while at the same time minimising potential switching cost for enterprises by resolving integration issues with existing IT infrastructures. This paper proposes a holistic 6-step decision framework that enables an enterprise to assess its current IT landscape for potential SaaS replacement, and provides effective strategies to mitigate vendor lock-in risks in cloud (SaaS) migration. The framework follows research findings and addresses the core requirements for choosing vendor-neutral interoperable and portable cloud services without the fear of vendor lock-in, and architectural decisions for secure SaaS migration. Therefore, the results of this research can help IT managers have a safe and effective migration to cloud computing SaaS environment.

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In our daily life, economic activities, and national security highly depend on stability, safely, and resilient cyberspace. A network brings communications and transports, power to our homes, run our economy, and provide government with various services.
However it is through the same cyber networks which intrude and attack our privacy, economy, social life in a way which is harmful. Some scholars have interestingly argued that, “in the Internet nobody knows you are a dog”.  This raises some legal issues and concerns.
This paper presents important issues on the Security, Prevention, and Detection of Cyber Crime. The paper consists of four parts in Romanic Numbers.
In Part I, the attempt here is simply to familiarize the reader with a careful understanding of the Cyber Crimes. The author will trace back the meaning, history, and types of Cyber Crimes
In Part II, one has to know the concept of Cyber Security; this will include meaning, background, types if any and important of Cyber Security.
Part III will explain on Cyber Prevention and Detection the same will include meaning and history, Cyber Prevention and Detection Methodologies and Legal Instruments.
And Part IV, Personal Assessment basically in Tanzanian Laws.
""

In today’s world, various tools and technologies have been used in learning. The rapid and constant pace of change in technology increases opportunity for students. The opportunities include greater access to rich, multimedia content, the widespread availability of mobile computing devices, the expanding role of social networking tools for learning and professional development, and the growing interest in the power of digital games for more personalized learning. According to the National School Boards Association, students who are exposed to a high volume of technology perform as well as expected on standardized test [1]. Various Multi-National Companies like Google and Apple are introducing new Educational Apps which combines interactive technology with educational materials that has been proven to help accelerate learning and promote more innovative methods of retention than a simple textbook and a set of cue cards could ever do. In this paper, we would like to emphasize the importance of Educational Apps in class room teaching. Specific topics addressed include: (a) Various Educational Apps and its use inside the classroom (b) Universities promoting the use of Educational Apps (c) Challenges and Disadvantages in using Educational Apps (d) Directions for future research.
Keywords— Educational Technology Tools, Technology and learning, Research designs and trends, Impact of technology on learning, Educational Apps, Google Apps, IPAD App.

The 21st century has witnessed precipitous changes spanning from the way of life to the technologies that emerged. We have entered anascent paradigmshift(industry 4.0) where sciencefictions have becomescience facts, and technologyfusion is the main driver.us, ensuring that any advancement intechnologyreach andbenefitall istheideal opportunity foreveryone.In thisstudy, disruptive technologies of industry 4.0 were explored and quantified in terms of the number of their appearances in published literature.e study aimed at identifying industry 4.0 key technologies which have been ill-defined by previous researchers and to enumerate the required skills of industry 4.0. Comprehensive literature survey covering the field of engineering, production, and management was done in multidisciplinary databases: Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, Sage, Taylor & Francis, and Emerald Insight. From the electronic survey, 35 disruptive technologies were quantified and 13 key technologies: Internet ofings, Big Data, 3D printing, Cloud computing, Autonomous robots, Virtual and Augmented reality, Cyber-physical system, Artificial intelligence, Smart sensors, Simulation, Nanotechnology, Drones, and Biotechnology were identified. Both technical and personal skills to be imparted into the human workforce for industry 4.0 were reported. e review identified the need to investigate the capability and the readiness of developing countries in adapting industry 4.0 in terms of the changes in the education systems and industrial manufacturing settings. is study proposes the need to address the integration of industry 4.0 concepts into the current education system.

Cloud computing is changing the way organizations approach technology and its infrastructure. However, in spite of its attractiveness, cloud computing can be seen as a threat in terms of compliance. Given its intrinsic distributed nature, regulations and laws may differ and customers and cloud providers must find a way to balance increasing compliance pressures with cloud computing benefits. In this paper, the authors present a framework aimed to help organizations to cope with compliance aspects in their cloud-oriented environments. Built upon current literature on the topic and qualitative approaches, the framework has been implemented in two organizations. Results from its contribution are encouraging, leading to adopter organizations to less reported compliance violations and higher contribution of cloud computing to overall quality of service and organizational compliance management.

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) harmonizes personal data protection laws across the European Union, affecting all sectors including the healthcare industry. For processing operations that pose a high risk for data subjects, a Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) is mandatory from May 2018. Taking into account the criticality of the process and the importance of its results, for the protection of the patients’ health data, as well as the complexity involved and the lack of past experience in applying such methodologies in healthcare environments, this paper presents the main steps of a DPIA study and provides guidelines on how to carry them out effectively. To this respect, the Privacy Impact Assessment, Commission Nationale de l’Informatique et des Libertés (PIA-CNIL) methodology has been employed, which is also compliant with the privacy impact assessment tasks described in ISO/IEC 29134:2017. The work presented in this paper focuses on the first two steps of the ...

With the quick advancement of flexible cloud administrations, it turns out to be progressively helpless to utilize cloud administrations to share information in a companion hover in the distributed computing condition. Since it is not practical to actualize full lifecycle protection security, get to control turns into a testing errand, particularly when we share delicate information on cloud servers. Keeping in mind the end goal to handle this issue, we propose a key-approach trait based encryption with time-indicated characteristics (KP-TSABE), a novel secure information self-destructing plan in distributed computing. In the KP-TSABE plot, each figure content is marked with a period interim while private key is related with a period moment. The delicate information will be safely self-destructed after a client indicated termination time. Far reaching correlations of the security properties demonstrate that the KP-TSABE conspire proposed by us fulfills the security prerequisites and is better than other existing plans.

Abstract-In today’s network world, the most advanced and recent technology is the Cloud computing. Clouds can be thought as the new generation of Grid Computing. Clouds generally consist of data centres that are owned by the same organization. The homogeneity within each data centre in the infrastructure is the main feature for the cloud computing compared to grid computing. This paper not only defines cloud but provides the different components of clouds. It also provides the different services provided by Clouds and how Cloud’s cost definition differs from that of Grid computing. It further defines the Grid computing with its main characteristics. Main focus of this paper is to compare the cloud computing with the earlier generation technology like Grid computing by high lighting the main differences as well the similarities between them. At the end, this paper also focuses the advantages of using Cloud Computing and its future prospects.

Cloud Computing reshapes the entire computing paradigm. In general, cloud computing means outsourcing available services and data storage in centralized scenario. In cloud computing task allocation is a major problem because multiple numbers of tasks are allocated to multiple numbers of processors for simultaneous processing. From the given list, tasks are queued according to the ascending order based on their duration. This paper is designed to solve the Task Scheduling problem, by using our proposed effective new approach of Backfilling algorithm. Depending upon the task duration, tasks are split into multiple threads for processing. Multiple thread tasks are processed in the basic concept of " gang scheduling " technique. Here we implement new backfilling algorithm concept to minimize the idle processing time of the processors. The existing Simple Backfilling Algorithm (SBA) is used to minimize the ideal time processing. Whereas comparatively Dynamic Cloud Scheduling using Backfilling Algorithm (DCBA) is designed to reduce the ideal time processing than SBA to carry out the process of both LQueue and SQueue simultaneously. At the outset, DCBA reduces the average waiting time. As mentioned the algorithm which is specified in the previous line that contains three level which represent the working speed of the algorithm. The first and second level of DCBA algorithm is comparatively similar to the performance of SBA algorithm. The maximum better performance was given in a queue size (q=1.5) by DCBA algorithm as compare to SBA algorithm. The existing type (Gang Scheduling) consist of two approaches namely Adaptive First Come First Serve (AFCFS) and Largest Job First Served (LJFS) that focus on non-parallel jobs with deadline. When compare to existing gang scheduling algorithm and SBA algorithm the average waiting time of DCBA has slight improvement in the loader level of the key. As the separation of the queue like LQ and SQ the waiting time and average waiting time is reduced comparatively.

The q-Calculus has served as a bridge between mathematics and physics, particularly in case of quantum physics. The q-generalizations of mathematical concepts like Laplace, Fourier and Sumudu transforms, Hypergeometric functions etc. can be advantageously used in solution of various problems arising in the field of physical and engineering sciences. The q-Sumudu transform, the q-image of classical Sumudu transform is the theoretical dual of the q-Laplace transform. In view of this, the present paper deals with some of the important applications of classical Sumudu and q-Sumudu transform of generalized hypergeometric function and Wright-type hypergeometric function. The results have been presented in terms of well-known Fox's H-function. Some special cases have also been discussed.

In this article we argue that smart items and cloud computing can be powerful enablers of servitization as business trend. This is exemplified by an application scenario in healthcare that was developed in the context of the OpSIT-Project in Germany. We present a three-level architecture for a smart healthcare infrastructure. The approach is based on a service-oriented architecture and extends established architectural approaches developed previously at our group. More specifically, it integrates a role model, a layered cloud computing architecture, as well as a fog-computing-informed paradigm in order to provide a viable architecture for healthcare and elderly-care applications. The integration of established paradigms is beneficial with respect to providing adequate quality of service and governance (e.g., data privacy and compliance). It has been verified by expert interviews with healthcare specialists and IT professionals. To further demonstrate the validity of this architectur...

The effective use of cloud computing has been proved in various sectors including the education sector of our society. In education sector, learning environment plays a vital role in meeting the goals of a particular programme of study. Scope of the learning environment is very much dependent on the needs of a particular programme of study. This research is focused on the practical requirements of software engineering students as part of their learning environment. For most of the software engineering courses classrooms, laboratories and libraries are some of the key components of the learning environment and are absolutely crucial in the entire study period of software engineering students. Since the setup, configuration and use of the computing lab is very important for software engineering students, finding a way to provide the lab facilities available for the students at all times and at all places without any constraints would be a great idea. Cloud computing could be explored ...

In a cloud environment, third party controlled asset sharing cloud databases is the motivation for search of trust. Lack of trust appears to be a probable major cause for fear when outsourcing databases. Research literature reviews indicate that the architecture of cloud databases has a potential to mitigate user distrust. In this paper, we focus on measuring trust in cloud database services based on user selected relative or direct factors. Our study proposes a formal trust mechanism in cloud databases where the user can select his most trusted Cloud Service Provider.

Recently, several cloud modeling approaches have emerged. They address the diversity of cloud environments by introducing a considerable set of modeling concepts in terms of novel domain-specific languages. At the same time, general-purpose languages, such as UML, provide modeling concepts to represent software, platform and infrastructure artifacts from different viewpoints where the deployment view is of particular relevance for specifying the distribution of application components on the targeted cloud environments. However, the generic nature of UML’s deployment language calls for a cloud-specific extension to capture the plethora of cloud provider offerings at the modeling level. In this paper, we propose the Cloud Application Modeling Language (CAML) to facilitate expressing cloud-based deployments directly in UML, which is especially beneficial for migration scenarios where reverse-engineered UML models are tailored towards a selected cloud environment. We discuss CAML’s real...

— Superconducting (SC) cavities are made up of superconducting material named niobium which is used in particle accelerators whose performance is limited at radio frequency. There are mainly two phenomena called Field Level Quench and Field Emission Loading Result which affects on Superconducting RF cavities. In few years, The developers are working on super conducting radio frequency technology for enhancing the cavity performance by using some surface treatment methods like Chemical polishing, high temperature treatment etc. These cavities work as superconductors whose resistance is near to 0 Ω at cryogenic temperature (2K). In this paper, the performance parameters and loss mechanisms of the SCRF cavity is described.

Repeated series mining is well known and well studied trouble in information mining. The productivity of the formula is used in several alternative regions like chemistry, bioinformatics, and market basket analysis. A completely unique parallel algorithmic rule for mining of frequent sequences supported a static load-balancing is planned. The static load balancing is done by measure the machine time using a probabilistic algorithm. For cheap size of instance, the algorithms deliver the good speedups. The conferred approach is extremely universal: it is often used for static load-balancing of alternative pattern mining algorithms like item set/tree/graph mining algorithms.

Mobile computing empowers its users to exploit portable computation and context-aware communication, however; a mobile device lacks energy and performance to execute computation and memory intensive tasks. On the contrary, cloud computing exploits the 'pay-per-use' software and hardware services to provide virtually unlimited processing and storage resources. The unification of mobile and cloud computing as Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) enables mobility and context awareness with computation and storage services to provide systems that are portable, yet resource sufficient. In an architectural context for MCC systems that require context-awareness, mobility and scalability, etc., there is a need to capitalise on reusable solutions – utilising patterns and best practices – to architect and develop mobile cloud software. This research aims to build and exploit a catalogue of patterns that support reusable design knowledge for architecture-based development of the MCC systems. We have discovered some patterns as generic and reusable solutions and demonstrate their usage in the context of mobile cloud systems. The proposed research aims to establish the catalogue as patterns repository – facilitating a continuous discovery and documentation of new patterns overtime that support reusable knowledge and practices to develop MCC systems.

In the light of the rapidly changing and benefits brought by cloud computing, the study is to find the critical factors that may hinder the benefits of cloud adoption, with respective measures proposed. It was found that control self-assessment (CSA) can enhance the IS security and improve business value delivery. A research model between CSA, cloud security (CS) and cloud-related business performance (CBP) are proposed, tested by distributing surveys to collect raw data, and afterward analyzed by Partial Least Square (PLS). The results can contribute to cloud adoption with practical measures suggestions.

Cloud computing is designed to provide on-demand
resources or services over the Internet, usually at the scale
and with the reliability level of a data center. MapReduce is
a software framework that allows developers to write programs
that process massive amounts of unstructured data in parallel
across a distributed cluster of processors. Google uses CMR to
index its web pages. Traditional MapReduce has some major
problems such as 1. It’s sequential in Map and Reduce parts
and we need a way to process the data by parallelization. 2.
It’s based on the cluster and due to this, it’s not scalable. 3.
It does not support stream data processing. However, In cloud
computing, all the hardware need to process an enormous amount
of data, that cannot be handled by a single machine. It fixes the
problems which we mentioned. This approach can improve
the throughput and enhance the scalability for large data sets
by using real-time data. In this papers, we will discuss
the different enhancements of MapReduce methodology such as
CMR(Cloud MapReduce), C-CMR(Continues cloud MapReduce),
S-CMR(Spot Cloud MapReduce), SCMR(Smart Cloud MapReduce)
and Amazon EMR(Elastic MapReduce) based on the cloud
and also we will represent different experiments and compare
them with traditional Hadoop MapReduce platform.

The rapid growth of power demand from  business, and Web applications has led to the emergence of cloud-oriented data centers. Load prediction is a significant cost-optimal resource allocation and energy saving approach for a cloud computing environment. Load classification before prediction is necessary to improve prediction accuracy. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to forecast the future load for cloud-oriented data centers. First, Bayesian model is used to predict the mean load over a long-term time interval which is compared with PSR and EA-GMDH method which combines the Phase Space Reconstruction (PSR) method and the Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) for effective prediction then Neural Network predicts the future load based on the past historical data which distinguishes itself  with the presence of hidden layers followed by support vector and kalmann smoother which is a multi-step-ahead CPU load prediction method based on Support Vector Regression which is very stable, i.e. its prediction error increases quite slowly as the predicted steps increase.