Data Center

For the data center industry, efficiency is an imperative and a struggle. Machines require constant power and cooling, yet often have very low utilization rates, where jobs are actually being computed. To improve efficiencies, Alibaba began co-allocating jobs on the same array of machines and released datasets from this production cluster. This article explores this dataset via a series of data visualization. These images show, even on its own narrow terms, the dataset fails to achieve the vision of efficiency. The high diversity of job lengths and types create unevenness and conflict in the data center—work itself disrupts optimal efficiency. For the industry, efficiency should best be handled by machines, with automation freeing up operators for higher-level, higher-impact tasks. However, the logic of efficiency may itself be questioned. Efficiency introduces a particular framing, defining a problem, establishing a goal, and offering a compelling road map forward. If efficiency is clarifying, it is also obfuscating, bracketing out alternative ways of understanding these sociotechnical systems. As hyperscale technology companies dominate data centers, often what is becoming more efficient are exploitative or extractive operations. Efficiency should then be challenged, but without falling back to a familiar valorization of inefficiency. As the data center grows in significance while decentering human labor, it becomes important to develop a critical theorization of efficiency attuned to the new conditions of this machine-centric future.

Nowadays, to meet the enormous computational requests, energy consumption, the largest part which is related to idle resources, is strictly increased as a great part of a data center's budget. So, minimizing energy consumption is one of the most important issues in the field of green computing. In this paper, we present a mathematical model formed as integer-linear programming which minimizes energy consumption and maximizes user's satisfaction, simultaneously. However, migration variables, as principal decision variables of the model, can be relaxed to continuous activities in some practical problems. This constraint relaxation helps a decision maker to find faster solutions that are usually good approximations for optimum. Near feasible solutions (infeasible solutions that are desirably close to the feasible region) have been investigated as another relaxation considering the kind of solutions. For this purpose, we initially present a measure to evaluate the amount of infeasibility of solutions and then let the model consider an extended region including solutions with remissible infeasibility, if necessary.

In modern data centers, energy consumption accounts for a considerably large slice of operational expenses. The state of the art in data center energy optimization is focusing only on job distribution between computing servers based on workload or thermal profiles. This paper underlines the role of communication fabric in data center energy consumption and presents a scheduling approach that combines energy efficiency and network awareness, termed DENS. The DENS methodology balances the energy consumption of a data center, individual job performance, and traffic demands. The proposed approach optimizes the tradeoff between job consolidation (to minimize the amount of computing servers) and distribution of traffic patterns (to avoid hotspots in the data center network).

Parallel cables used with the aim of meet growing energy demand at the energy systems which operates via cable. To use of parallel cables may bring out imbalance among the cables. This event, known as the current distribution imbalance, cause problems such as over heating on the high current-carrying cables, wear out of insulation and reduced life expectancy. In this study, effects of cable configurations by changing phase sequences and layouts are investigated via data obtained from a data center which recently goes a major upgrade. The cable configuration which has the most uniform current distribution is determined.

Ethernet technology made significant progress in recent years ushering a new era of terabit transport. It has now achieved 400GbE per link speed and leaping towards 800GbE. Such trend will shape the future of networks allowing hyperscale data centers, cloud and service providers to offer more service and less worry on bandwidth. IT would be interesting to know what future holds. Read this article to learn more about 400GbE and the possibilities it brings.

The data center is a storage and processing of data facility which consists of multiple computer systems such as a
server, network, storage, switch, and infrastructure. The refrigeration system is a requirement that must be owned by the data
center. Each electrical devices produce heat and if the device is overheated, the performance of the device will decrease, even it
can run into shut down. A data center may be a facility that centralizes an organization's shared IT operations and equipment to
store, processing, and disseminate data and applications.
Datacenter Cooling refers to the collective equipment, tools, techniques, and processes that ensure a perfect operating
temperature within a knowledge center facility. This paper, explains why liquid cooling is better than air cooling

Cloud computing is set of resources and services offered through the Internet. Cloud services are delivered from data centers located throughout the world. Cloud computing facilitates its consumers by providing virtual resources via internet. General example of cloud services is Google apps, provided by Google and Microsoft SharePoint. The rapid growth in field of “cloud computing” also increases severe security concerns. Security has remained a constant issue for Open Systems and internet, when we are talking about security cloud really suffers. Lack of security is the only hurdle in wide adoption of cloud computing. Cloud computing is surrounded by many security issues like securing data, and examining the utilization of cloud by the cloud computing vendors. The wide acceptance www has raised security risks along with the uncountable benefits, so is the case with cloud computing. The boom in cloud computing has brought lots of security challenges for the consumers and service prov...

Virtualization technology plays an important role in modern data center, as it creates an opportunity to improve resource utilization, reduce energy costs, and ease server management. However, virtual machine deployment issues arise when allocating virtual machines into single or multiple physical servers. In this paper, we explore the performance and scalability issues for virtual machine deployment in a virtualized data center. We first evaluate the image scalability when allocating multiple VMs per physical server using four typical servers in data center. Then we investigate how the overall efficiency will be affected when deploying M virtual machines into N physical machines with different deployment strategies. Experimental results show that: (i) There is a resource bottleneck when deploying single type virtual machine server into single physical server, except for composite workloads. (ii) More physical machines do not always benefit for some specific applications to support a fixed number of virtual machines. (iii) MPI and network communication overheads affect the deployment efficiency seriously.

La discusión sobre la explotación económica de las tecnologías de la información suele
concentrarse en las nociones de ubicuidad e inmaterialidad. Sin embargo, su significativa demanda de recursos físicos locales transforma los sitios donde se emplaza, y pesa sobre la configuración social del espacio. Este artículo pretende caracterizar los centros de producción de la economía digital, e interpretar el efecto que producen sobre
la organización del territorio a nivel local, regional y global


The physical trace of the digital economy and its impact on territorial organization

Discussion on the economic exploitation of information technologies usually focuses
on notions of ubiquity and immateriality. Nevertheless, its significant demand for local physical resources transforms the sites where it’s located, and weighs over the social
configuration of space. This article attempts to characterize the production centers of the digital economy, and gauge their effect on territorial organization at the local, regional and global scale.

Pour la première fois de son histoire, le Club scientifique de l’Université des Sciences et Technologies Houari Boumedienne, a organisé une série de conférences sur le futur numérique et comment l’envisager. Comment s’harnacher utilement à ces technologies?

Elles bouleversent notre quotidien et notre espace de travail. Elles remettent en question nos fondamentaux et bousculent un certain nombre de nos croyances contemporaines. Elles sont incontournables, désormais indispensables à toute économie et indissociables de nos vies.

Elastic distributed storage systems have been increasingly studied in recent years because power consumption has become a major problem in data centers. Much progress has been made in improving the agility of resizing small-and large-scale distributed storage systems. However, most of these studies focus on metadata based distributed storage systems. On the other hand, emerging consistent hashing based distributed storage systems are considered to allow better scalability and are highly attractive. We identify challenges in achieving elasticity in consistent hashing based distributed storage. These challenges cannot be easily solved by techniques used in current studies. In this paper, we propose an elastic consistent hashing based distributed storage to solve two problems. First, in order to allow a distributed storage to resize quickly, we modify the data placement algorithm using a primary server design and achieve an equal-work data layout. Second, we propose a selective data reintegration technique to reduce the performance impact when resizing a cluster. Our experimental and trace analysis results confirm that our proposed elastic consistent hashing works effectively and allows significantly better elasticity.

Cloud computing focuses on delivery of reliable, secure, fault-tolerant, sustainable, and scalable infrastructures for hosting Internet-based application services. These applications have different composition, configuration, and deployment requirements. Quantifying the performance of scheduling and allocation policy on a Cloud infrastructure (hardware, software, services) for different application and service models under varying load, energy performance (power consumption, heat dissipation), and system size

Popular representations imagine the internet as being immaterial and fluid; hidden from the public eye are the industry and complex infrastructure securing the functionality of the World Wide Web, as well as this industry’s social and environmental effects. Focussing on the implementation of a Facebook data centre in the Swedish city of Luleå, this article investigates how the global cloud is localised within a specific historical and social context. It shows how this new industrial development becomes a part of state-making and regional identity-building processes by triggering the re-scaling of territories and shaping new geographies in relation to expanding cloud infrastructures. Tracing those infrastructure-making processes reveals some of the key dynamics between the Swedish state, its regions and the global IT economy.

O trabalho de conclusão de curso, por meio de uma abordagem teórica,  investiga possíveis interações entre arquitetura, urbanismo e a infraestrutura planetária da internet. Tal sistema, com uma performance oculta e sob uma aparência nublada, se revela como uma grande máquina composta por cabos, antenas, modens, prédios, leis e protocolos, com alto impacto energético, esfomeada por recursos minerais e sedenta por água. Desnudar, revelar, exibir e evidenciar são operações recorrentes nesse percurso investigativo como forma de compreender os aspectos urbanos, sociais e ambientais dessa infraestrutura que, acompanhando o crescimento exponencial de dados, será cada vez mais presente nas superficies planetárias e extraplanetárias.

This paper examines the process of developing more energy-efficient IT processes for Rochester Institute of Technology. The process for the design of a new “Green Data Center” is described. A detailed analysis of the annual energy performance for the new data center is described. The results show an improvement of at least 25% in data center efficiency, and a reduction in IT related energy consumption of greater than 50%.

Cloud Computing holds the potential to eliminate the requirements for setting up of high-cost computing infrastructure for the IT-based solutions and services that the industry uses. It promises to provide a flexible IT architecture, accessible through internet for lightweight portable devices. This would allow many-fold increase in the capacity or capabilities of the existing and new software. In a cloud computing environment, the entire data reside over a set of networked resources, enabling the data to be accessed through virtual machines. Since these data centers may lie in any corner of the world beyond the reach and control of users, there are multifarious security and privacy challenges that need to be understood and taken care of. Also, one can never deny the possibility of a server breakdown that has been witnessed, rather quite often in the recent times. There are various issues that need to be dealt with respect to security and privacy in a cloud computing scenario. This ...

In accordance with the technological developments in today's world many companies implement their vital operations on their data centers and IT services.In connection with the fast development in technology and risimg complexity of business processes, the control of the systems and critical data that companies have, became more and more complicated. Therefore; it became an obligation for most companies to have a well-organized " Disaster Recovery Plan " .

The Internet has led to the creation of a digital society, where (almost) everything is connected and is accessible from anywhere. However, despite their widespread adoption, traditional IP networks are complex and very hard to manage. It is both difficult to configure the network according to pre- defined policies, and to reconfigure it to respond to faults, load and changes. To make matters even more difficult, current networks are also vertically integrated: the control and data planes are bundled together. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging paradigm that promises to change this state of affairs, by breaking vertical integration, separating the network’s control logic from the underlying routers and switches, promoting (logical) centralization of network control, and introducing the ability to program the network. The separation of concerns introduced between the definition of network policies, their implementation in switching hardware, and the forwarding of traffic, is key to the desired flexibility: by breaking the network control problem into tractable pieces, SDN makes it easier to create and introduce new abstractions in networking, simplifying network management and facilitating network evolution.
In this paper we present a comprehensive survey on SDN. We start by introducing the motivation for SDN, explain its main concepts and how it differs from traditional networking, its roots, and the standardization activities regarding this novel paradigm. Next, we present the key building blocks of an SDN infrastructure using a bottom-up, layered approach. We provide an in-depth analysis of the hardware infrastructure, southbound and north- bound APIs, network virtualization layers, network operating systems (SDN controllers), network programming languages, and network applications. We also look at cross-layer problems such as debugging and troubleshooting. In an effort to anticipate the future evolution of this new paradigm, we discuss the main ongoing research efforts and challenges of SDN. In particular, we address the design of switches and control platforms – with a focus on aspects such as resiliency, scalability, performance, security and dependability – as well as new opportunities for carrier transport networks and cloud providers. Last but not least, we analyze the position of SDN as a key enabler of a software-defined environment.