ABSTRACT We describe the physical properties of the transition metal trichalcogenide NbSe3 includ... more ABSTRACT We describe the physical properties of the transition metal trichalcogenide NbSe3 including electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and heat capacity. NbSe3 undergoes phase transitions at 145 and 59 K. The effect of pressure on these transitions is also reported. We try to explain the physical properties of NbSe3 in terms of the formation of charge density waves.
Abstract The basic principles of X and γ ray detection by superheated superconducting granules ar... more Abstract The basic principles of X and γ ray detection by superheated superconducting granules are presented. The results of a feasibility study of an 81 by 81 mm detecting flat screen with a pixel size 300 by 300 μ 2 are discussed. Some applications are briefly presented.
For measuring accurately the energy of relativistic high energy charged particles, we have constr... more For measuring accurately the energy of relativistic high energy charged particles, we have constructed a novel transition radiation detector (TRD) utilizing superheated superconducting microspheres of tin with diameters in the range of 20-40 μm In order to enhance transition radiation for higher sensitivity, the TRD is in a special dilution refrigerator operated at~100 mK. Test has been conducted in a high energy electron beam facility at the CERN PS in the energy range of 1-10 GeV showing an energy dependence of the TR X-ray photon produced and hence the value γ=E/mc^2 of the charged particle.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2006
The lifetime of a Superheated Droplet Detector (SDD) is limited by the fracture of the gel matrix... more The lifetime of a Superheated Droplet Detector (SDD) is limited by the fracture of the gel matrix, due to the growth of the bubble in time caused by Oswald ripening. There are several approaches to increasing the lifetime of a SDD by limiting the fracture phenomenon. We report, here, one of these approaches, which focuses on the get itself. The lifetime of a SDD is increased if the fracture energy of the gel matrix is raised, leading to a better resistance to the fracture phenomenon. Several additives for the SDD gel were tested, with the results indicating the use of an agarose additive to extend the lifetime by as much as a factor 2. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Abstract Two-dimensional properties of irreversible flux penetration into superconducting tin str... more Abstract Two-dimensional properties of irreversible flux penetration into superconducting tin strips exposed to an increasing magnetic field have been investigated using a real time flux readout electronic. Flux penetrates into rectangular strips across all borders of the sample, predominantly through the larger sides. The detection of irreversible flux penetration in two dimensions indicates that irreversible magnetization processes can be associated with flux quantization in multiply connected superconductors.
The two classes of metastable superconducting detectors, even when they are in a disordered state... more The two classes of metastable superconducting detectors, even when they are in a disordered state, are reproducible systems. For suspensions of superheated superconducting granules (intrinsic metastability), the reproductibility of the disorder is achieved as long as the preparation of the dispersion of microspheres obeys to specific rules. For superconducting strips (geometrical metastability) the disordered structure is the intermediate state itself.
... INSP (Universités Paris6 & Paris7) Campus Boucicaut, 140 Rue de Lourmel, 75015 Paris ... more ... INSP (Universités Paris6 & Paris7) Campus Boucicaut, 140 Rue de Lourmel, 75015 Paris (France). Laboratoire Souterrain Bas Bruit de Rustrel-Pays d'Apt (Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis), La Grande Combe, 84400 Rustrel (France) E-mail: waysand@insp.jussieu.fr ...
When an incident particle collides with 8-micron superheated superconducting granules, if the dep... more When an incident particle collides with 8-micron superheated superconducting granules, if the deposition of energy within the granule is sufficient to overcome an energy threshold, the granule will change state. The Meissner effect characteristic of the superconducting state suddenly vanishes and the magnetic field penetrates into the granule, causing a change of flux in a pickup coil containing this granule.
... 1 Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, EMMAH, UMR 1114 INRA/UAPV F-84000 Avigno... more ... 1 Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, EMMAH, UMR 1114 INRA/UAPV F-84000 Avignon, France, EU 2 Université d'Aix-Marseille ... model (NLNM) [7] between 0.3 and 3mHz [8]. Thus, the knowledge of the magnetic-field response is, among other things, a key point to ...
History of Artificial Cold, Scientific, Technological and Cultural Issues, 2013
The discovery of superconductivity could not have happened without the liquefaction of helium by ... more The discovery of superconductivity could not have happened without the liquefaction of helium by the Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in 1908, which allowed physicists to reach temperatures close to absolute zero. Helium liquefaction was the result of Kamerlingh Onnes’s lifelong enterprise to apply large-scale industrial means to fundamental research. It delivered the final blow to nineteenth-century conceptions about the existence of non-liquefiable “permanent” gases. Until 1923, his Leiden cryogenic lab would remain the only place in the world where helium could be liquefied (see, e.g., van Delft 2007).
ABSTRACT We describe the physical properties of the transition metal trichalcogenide NbSe3 includ... more ABSTRACT We describe the physical properties of the transition metal trichalcogenide NbSe3 including electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and heat capacity. NbSe3 undergoes phase transitions at 145 and 59 K. The effect of pressure on these transitions is also reported. We try to explain the physical properties of NbSe3 in terms of the formation of charge density waves.
Abstract The basic principles of X and γ ray detection by superheated superconducting granules ar... more Abstract The basic principles of X and γ ray detection by superheated superconducting granules are presented. The results of a feasibility study of an 81 by 81 mm detecting flat screen with a pixel size 300 by 300 μ 2 are discussed. Some applications are briefly presented.
For measuring accurately the energy of relativistic high energy charged particles, we have constr... more For measuring accurately the energy of relativistic high energy charged particles, we have constructed a novel transition radiation detector (TRD) utilizing superheated superconducting microspheres of tin with diameters in the range of 20-40 μm In order to enhance transition radiation for higher sensitivity, the TRD is in a special dilution refrigerator operated at~100 mK. Test has been conducted in a high energy electron beam facility at the CERN PS in the energy range of 1-10 GeV showing an energy dependence of the TR X-ray photon produced and hence the value γ=E/mc^2 of the charged particle.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2006
The lifetime of a Superheated Droplet Detector (SDD) is limited by the fracture of the gel matrix... more The lifetime of a Superheated Droplet Detector (SDD) is limited by the fracture of the gel matrix, due to the growth of the bubble in time caused by Oswald ripening. There are several approaches to increasing the lifetime of a SDD by limiting the fracture phenomenon. We report, here, one of these approaches, which focuses on the get itself. The lifetime of a SDD is increased if the fracture energy of the gel matrix is raised, leading to a better resistance to the fracture phenomenon. Several additives for the SDD gel were tested, with the results indicating the use of an agarose additive to extend the lifetime by as much as a factor 2. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Abstract Two-dimensional properties of irreversible flux penetration into superconducting tin str... more Abstract Two-dimensional properties of irreversible flux penetration into superconducting tin strips exposed to an increasing magnetic field have been investigated using a real time flux readout electronic. Flux penetrates into rectangular strips across all borders of the sample, predominantly through the larger sides. The detection of irreversible flux penetration in two dimensions indicates that irreversible magnetization processes can be associated with flux quantization in multiply connected superconductors.
The two classes of metastable superconducting detectors, even when they are in a disordered state... more The two classes of metastable superconducting detectors, even when they are in a disordered state, are reproducible systems. For suspensions of superheated superconducting granules (intrinsic metastability), the reproductibility of the disorder is achieved as long as the preparation of the dispersion of microspheres obeys to specific rules. For superconducting strips (geometrical metastability) the disordered structure is the intermediate state itself.
... INSP (Universités Paris6 & Paris7) Campus Boucicaut, 140 Rue de Lourmel, 75015 Paris ... more ... INSP (Universités Paris6 & Paris7) Campus Boucicaut, 140 Rue de Lourmel, 75015 Paris (France). Laboratoire Souterrain Bas Bruit de Rustrel-Pays d'Apt (Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis), La Grande Combe, 84400 Rustrel (France) E-mail: waysand@insp.jussieu.fr ...
When an incident particle collides with 8-micron superheated superconducting granules, if the dep... more When an incident particle collides with 8-micron superheated superconducting granules, if the deposition of energy within the granule is sufficient to overcome an energy threshold, the granule will change state. The Meissner effect characteristic of the superconducting state suddenly vanishes and the magnetic field penetrates into the granule, causing a change of flux in a pickup coil containing this granule.
... 1 Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, EMMAH, UMR 1114 INRA/UAPV F-84000 Avigno... more ... 1 Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, EMMAH, UMR 1114 INRA/UAPV F-84000 Avignon, France, EU 2 Université d'Aix-Marseille ... model (NLNM) [7] between 0.3 and 3mHz [8]. Thus, the knowledge of the magnetic-field response is, among other things, a key point to ...
History of Artificial Cold, Scientific, Technological and Cultural Issues, 2013
The discovery of superconductivity could not have happened without the liquefaction of helium by ... more The discovery of superconductivity could not have happened without the liquefaction of helium by the Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in 1908, which allowed physicists to reach temperatures close to absolute zero. Helium liquefaction was the result of Kamerlingh Onnes’s lifelong enterprise to apply large-scale industrial means to fundamental research. It delivered the final blow to nineteenth-century conceptions about the existence of non-liquefiable “permanent” gases. Until 1923, his Leiden cryogenic lab would remain the only place in the world where helium could be liquefied (see, e.g., van Delft 2007).
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