The organic structures in sapropels sampled from two cores obtained at known locations beneath th... more The organic structures in sapropels sampled from two cores obtained at known locations beneath the southern Black Sea have been characterised. Fluorescence petrography shows the sapropels to occur as layers of impure alginite, ∼50 μm thick, within Unit 2 of the sediments. Solid state 13C NMR indicates the bulk chemical structures to be very similar to those in an immature Type 1 kerogen (lamosite) oil shale with an aromaticity of ∼0.2. Consistent with the immaturity of the sapropels, which are between 3000 and 7000 years old, temperature programmed reduction showed aliphatic and aromatic sulphides to be the major organic sulphur forms. Alkanes formed from phytoplankton lipids, alkyl benzenes, alkyl naphthalenes and some phenols dominated the mix of volatile compounds identified by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. About half of the sapropels remained as an involatile, tarry residue after pyrolysis. The structure of the sapropels is consistent with their formation resulting from marine phytoplankton with only small terrigeneous inputs. Future catagenesis may be expected to decarboxylate the lipids, increase the aromaticity and to dry and compress the muds to form a source rock.
α-Amino acids were pyrolysed at 600°C in the presence of hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) and the form... more α-Amino acids were pyrolysed at 600°C in the presence of hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) and the formed volatile products were analysed on line by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, norleucine, methionine, phenylalanine yielded principally the trimethylsilyl (TMS) ester of the parent amino acid. TMS esters of carboxylic acids arising from reductive deamination were observed for serine, threonine and
This paper describes the preparation, mesomorphic properties and behaviour as stationary phases o... more This paper describes the preparation, mesomorphic properties and behaviour as stationary phases of a series of biphenylenedibenzoates. These compounds exhibit broad mesomorphic ranges with high solid-crystal-liquid-crystal transition temperatures, and give relatively short retention times in the determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. The chromatographic selectivity for linear and planar structures is confirmed.
... REFERENCES 1. M. Elvin-Lewis, J. Preu. Dent. 6, 61 (1980). 2. M. Elvin-Lewis, J. B. Hall, M. ... more ... REFERENCES 1. M. Elvin-Lewis, J. Preu. Dent. 6, 61 (1980). 2. M. Elvin-Lewis, J. B. Hall, M. Adu-Tutu, Y. Afful, D. Liebermann and K. Asante-Appiah, J. Preo. Dent. 6, 151 (1980). Page 5. PYlGClMS OF THE 'TOOTH BRUSH' TREE 655 ...
In the present work, we attempted to characterize the natural organic binding medium mostly used ... more In the present work, we attempted to characterize the natural organic binding medium mostly used in ancient Chinese artworks by using the pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py–GC/MS) technique. Chinese lacquer, tung oil, deer glue, colophony and peach gum were broadly used as binding media in Chinese paintings or painted pottery, and have been selected as the study materials in this paper. Artificially aged samples have been analyzed by Py–GC/MS in order to establish a useful reference as convenient and rapid analyses of real samples. The method is based on the on-line derivatization in the presence of excess tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) (25% aqueous solution) as methylating agent. Analyses results revealed that this simultaneous pyrolysis with methylation derivation technique (SPM) is very useful to the characterization of Chinese lacquer, tung oil and colophony but no obvious improvement to deer glue and peach gum. The fingerprint ions of each studied binding medium were established.
The organic structures in sapropels sampled from two cores obtained at known locations beneath th... more The organic structures in sapropels sampled from two cores obtained at known locations beneath the southern Black Sea have been characterised. Fluorescence petrography shows the sapropels to occur as layers of impure alginite, ∼50 μm thick, within Unit 2 of the sediments. Solid state 13C NMR indicates the bulk chemical structures to be very similar to those in an immature Type 1 kerogen (lamosite) oil shale with an aromaticity of ∼0.2. Consistent with the immaturity of the sapropels, which are between 3000 and 7000 years old, temperature programmed reduction showed aliphatic and aromatic sulphides to be the major organic sulphur forms. Alkanes formed from phytoplankton lipids, alkyl benzenes, alkyl naphthalenes and some phenols dominated the mix of volatile compounds identified by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. About half of the sapropels remained as an involatile, tarry residue after pyrolysis. The structure of the sapropels is consistent with their formation resulting from marine phytoplankton with only small terrigeneous inputs. Future catagenesis may be expected to decarboxylate the lipids, increase the aromaticity and to dry and compress the muds to form a source rock.
α-Amino acids were pyrolysed at 600°C in the presence of hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) and the form... more α-Amino acids were pyrolysed at 600°C in the presence of hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) and the formed volatile products were analysed on line by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, norleucine, methionine, phenylalanine yielded principally the trimethylsilyl (TMS) ester of the parent amino acid. TMS esters of carboxylic acids arising from reductive deamination were observed for serine, threonine and
This paper describes the preparation, mesomorphic properties and behaviour as stationary phases o... more This paper describes the preparation, mesomorphic properties and behaviour as stationary phases of a series of biphenylenedibenzoates. These compounds exhibit broad mesomorphic ranges with high solid-crystal-liquid-crystal transition temperatures, and give relatively short retention times in the determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. The chromatographic selectivity for linear and planar structures is confirmed.
... REFERENCES 1. M. Elvin-Lewis, J. Preu. Dent. 6, 61 (1980). 2. M. Elvin-Lewis, J. B. Hall, M. ... more ... REFERENCES 1. M. Elvin-Lewis, J. Preu. Dent. 6, 61 (1980). 2. M. Elvin-Lewis, J. B. Hall, M. Adu-Tutu, Y. Afful, D. Liebermann and K. Asante-Appiah, J. Preo. Dent. 6, 151 (1980). Page 5. PYlGClMS OF THE 'TOOTH BRUSH' TREE 655 ...
In the present work, we attempted to characterize the natural organic binding medium mostly used ... more In the present work, we attempted to characterize the natural organic binding medium mostly used in ancient Chinese artworks by using the pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py–GC/MS) technique. Chinese lacquer, tung oil, deer glue, colophony and peach gum were broadly used as binding media in Chinese paintings or painted pottery, and have been selected as the study materials in this paper. Artificially aged samples have been analyzed by Py–GC/MS in order to establish a useful reference as convenient and rapid analyses of real samples. The method is based on the on-line derivatization in the presence of excess tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) (25% aqueous solution) as methylating agent. Analyses results revealed that this simultaneous pyrolysis with methylation derivation technique (SPM) is very useful to the characterization of Chinese lacquer, tung oil and colophony but no obvious improvement to deer glue and peach gum. The fingerprint ions of each studied binding medium were established.
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