Papers by Guillaume Epinal
Ecole Francaise d'Extreme-Orient, Nov 1, 2017
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On some recent monetary finds in Vyadhapura Angkor Borei (Kingdom of Cambodia) and related Issues/Guillaume Epinal and Suchandra Ghosh- chapter 12 in Numismatic Digest Vol 40, 2016, pages 136-150 ; Devendra Handa, , Amiteshwar Jha and Sanjay Garg (editors), IIRNS Pub, 2016
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Depuis quand le Pays manceau est-il occupé par l’Homme ? Bien au-delà de l’incontournable menhir ... more Depuis quand le Pays manceau est-il occupé par l’Homme ? Bien au-delà de l’incontournable menhir de la cathédrale Saint-Julien, le riche patrimoine préhistorique est présenté à travers deux approches complémentaires. D’une part, un retour historiographique permet de retracer la genèse des recherches et le fil des découvertes effectuées dès la fin du XVIIIe siècle, en Sarthe et au Mans. Les trouvailles jusqu’alors isolées les unes des autres font ressortir un important potentiel archéologique. Enfin, abordant le cadre topographique et fluvial privilégié du secteur du Mans avec la question du paléo-environnement, une synthèse établie à partir des jalons recueillis et présentant des éléments méconnus, souvent inédits et parfois récemment découverts, propose un large panorama chronologique de la présence humaine au temps de l’âge de pierre, du Paléolithique inférieur au Chalcolithique.
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Rarely studied by scholars since the researches undertaken by Louis Malleret at Óc Eo in the 1940... more Rarely studied by scholars since the researches undertaken by Louis Malleret at Óc Eo in the 1940s, the small tin artifacts which are characteristics of the Funanese culture flourishing in the Mekong Delta are of comparable interest with the early Southeast Asian currencies. Bearers of indianized auspicious symbols and deities, these objects are rich in information. An unusual and exceptional amulet showing the abhiṣeka of Gaja-Lakṣmī goddess was recently unearthed at Angkor Borei. This religious theme is very rare for pre-Angkorian Cambodia. The iconographic study reveals an original and syncretic composition combining the Indian theme of Śrī-Lakṣmī being anointed with a central element of the old animist aborigenous Khmer tradition, the buffalo sacrifice. A comparative analysis with various examples of depictions of Gaja-Lakṣmī from the Indian Subcontinent and from the Mon Dvāravatī culture brings some additional data to apprehend this document in its global context. Finally, we can hypothesize that the dating of this item may be related to the first three centuries AD. The issuing of this amulet seems to be a local response to a religious movement affecting the entire indianized world during that early historic period.
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The Joe Cribb's article "First Coin of Ancient Khmer Kingdom Discovered" published in Numismatiqu... more The Joe Cribb's article "First Coin of Ancient Khmer Kingdom Discovered" published in Numismatique Asiatique Nr 6, 2013, brings up new materials for the history of the Khmer civilisation. Nevertheless the author's analysis, partly based on ancient sources, does not cover certain aspects. A new approach of the archaeological, iconographic and cultural context is the opportunity to discuss some points and to precise some details.
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In the last centuries BC at the time of the early trans-indian maritime exchanges with Southeast ... more In the last centuries BC at the time of the early trans-indian maritime exchanges with Southeast Asia, recent archaeological data found in Central Thailand at Khao Sam Kaeo and its surrounding coast show new ceramic marker groups. As the "Three coloured wares" previously described by late Wilhelm Solheim, the ceramics provide evidence through ancient network of strong ethnical links along inhabitants from coastal South China Sea between Southern Vietnam, Philippine archipelago and the area of Koh Samui and Chumpon province...
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The archaeological context of an auspicious phallic/mano fica roman amulet dating from the 1st ce... more The archaeological context of an auspicious phallic/mano fica roman amulet dating from the 1st century AD discovered during works in 1969 in the suburbium of the city of Vindinum (Le Mans) is reported. This rare type of bone craft production, which is associated with militaria presence, is actually the only one known complete specimen to be found in Western Roman Archaeology.
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Draft paper on roman discoveries during works in Le Mans between 1999-2000. Ceramics and other fi... more Draft paper on roman discoveries during works in Le Mans between 1999-2000. Ceramics and other finds of daily life in the suburbium of Vindinum (so neglected by preventive programs) and saved from the rubble are presented.
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Books by Guillaume Epinal
Rosomanes et Roses au Mans, de la Renaissance à nos jours, 2024
Although cultivated since Antiquity for its fragrance, its medicinal virtues or its beauty, the Q... more Although cultivated since Antiquity for its fragrance, its medicinal virtues or its beauty, the Queen of flowers only truly began to arouse passions under the Empire.
French mostly, Rosomania contributed to the emergence of large well-known horticultural centers such as Anjou, Brie, Orléanais or Lyonnais.
Who would have guessed that the Rose was also from Sarthe? That the oldest French variety whose date is precisely known was from Le Mans? That the longest advertisement ever devoted to a rose appeared in the local press?
During the first half of the 19th century, amateur-gardeners and a few professionals were able to give the Rose its prestige and promote it beyond borders. Tracing the history of these enthusiasts, sketching an inventory of their production, trying to find nowadays (who knows?) some of their achievements, such is the challenge of the present study.
This research was also an opportunity to pay tribute to a contemporary, Jean-Pierre Vibert from Le Mans, breeder of more than 300 roses, most of them created from old varieties. Proof that after two centuries, the flame of Rosomania has still not gone out...
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This book is designed to interest both the general public and the expert, to round out and deepen... more This book is designed to interest both the general public and the expert, to round out and deepen the initial assumptions arising from the 2012 discoveries and reported on in an earlier publication, "The Hoards of Angkor Borei". But it is not simply an inventory, a description, a documenting of the collection of the most ancient coins discovered and acquired in Cambodia.
Its first purpose is to weave together the discoveries made over the last century on various sites and in different contexts. It attempts to interpret historically and economically the presence of local minting that imitated or reinterpreted the models and symbols that prevailed in the rest of Indian-influenced Southeast Asia.
How can the presence of Hellenized and Roman coins, originating from the Mediterranean Basin of from Indo-Greek kingdoms, be explained? How can the many medallions and coins belonging to the vast family of coins from the Indian-influenced kingdoms of Southeast Asia, particularly Pyu and Mon that thrived in what is now Myanmar and Thailand, be explained? And finally, how can the presence of coins that copy and imitate, but also reinterpret and combine in a novel way the monetary symbols cataloged to data be explained?
Digging deeper into a history that remains obscure in many respects, this work will foster or rekindle a lively debate and be of passionate interest to Cambodians wanting to become familiar with and understand their distant heritage.
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At the end of August and early September 2012, the dual discovery at Angkor Borei, of a gold coin... more At the end of August and early September 2012, the dual discovery at Angkor Borei, of a gold coin minted by the king of Chenla Isanavarman (the first coin of Khmer Empire ever found) and of a large hoard of silver Pyu-type coins revealed a new chapter of unknown monetary history during the Preangkorian Era in the Mekong delta region. This booklet describe the archaeological context of these discoveries and try to sketch the first study done on early Khmer coinage.
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Unpublished Reports by Guillaume Epinal
Rapport d'Etudes Preliminaires des productions céramiques des sites archéologiques historiques de... more Rapport d'Etudes Preliminaires des productions céramiques des sites archéologiques historiques de Cheung Ek - Municipalité de Phnom Penh - Cambodge (28 août 2013)
Since the discovery in 1997 of the monumental circular earthwork site at Cheung Ek and further of a vast complex of angkorian stoneware kilns in the early 2000s, the research done by both Khmer and French archaeologists have gradually shown the archaeological features and resources of the southern area of Phnom Penh. Today these sites are for most of them already destroyed or greatly endangered.
Through the study of ceramic sherds collected during surveys prior to a preventive archeology program of UNESCO, we could follow over a period of about eight centuries, the activity of a large area of potters.
Cheung Ek is proving to be a major site for understanding the emergence of the indianized kitchen-ware from the late-funanese period as the famous Kendis, whose production is characteristic. Techniques and developments have been outlined. At the Angkorian period, the site became one of the largest centers of pottery manufacturing under the ancient Khmer kingdom.
This preliminary report describes the research conducted before the UNESCO excavation in 2013 and focuses on a preangkorian ceramic assemblage study detailing technical groups from assemblages unearthed on the monumental circular earthwork site. The first results provide interesting data for a further comparative approach still to be done for the Khmer cultural area. At the end of the report we also discuss about Angkorian ceramic kilns and their stoneware productions whose study is currently underway.
This first report wishes to emphasize the need for a fine chrono-typology of the Cheung Ek productions, a reference site for Khmer archeology.
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Papers by Guillaume Epinal
Books by Guillaume Epinal
French mostly, Rosomania contributed to the emergence of large well-known horticultural centers such as Anjou, Brie, Orléanais or Lyonnais.
Who would have guessed that the Rose was also from Sarthe? That the oldest French variety whose date is precisely known was from Le Mans? That the longest advertisement ever devoted to a rose appeared in the local press?
During the first half of the 19th century, amateur-gardeners and a few professionals were able to give the Rose its prestige and promote it beyond borders. Tracing the history of these enthusiasts, sketching an inventory of their production, trying to find nowadays (who knows?) some of their achievements, such is the challenge of the present study.
This research was also an opportunity to pay tribute to a contemporary, Jean-Pierre Vibert from Le Mans, breeder of more than 300 roses, most of them created from old varieties. Proof that after two centuries, the flame of Rosomania has still not gone out...
Its first purpose is to weave together the discoveries made over the last century on various sites and in different contexts. It attempts to interpret historically and economically the presence of local minting that imitated or reinterpreted the models and symbols that prevailed in the rest of Indian-influenced Southeast Asia.
How can the presence of Hellenized and Roman coins, originating from the Mediterranean Basin of from Indo-Greek kingdoms, be explained? How can the many medallions and coins belonging to the vast family of coins from the Indian-influenced kingdoms of Southeast Asia, particularly Pyu and Mon that thrived in what is now Myanmar and Thailand, be explained? And finally, how can the presence of coins that copy and imitate, but also reinterpret and combine in a novel way the monetary symbols cataloged to data be explained?
Digging deeper into a history that remains obscure in many respects, this work will foster or rekindle a lively debate and be of passionate interest to Cambodians wanting to become familiar with and understand their distant heritage.
Unpublished Reports by Guillaume Epinal
Since the discovery in 1997 of the monumental circular earthwork site at Cheung Ek and further of a vast complex of angkorian stoneware kilns in the early 2000s, the research done by both Khmer and French archaeologists have gradually shown the archaeological features and resources of the southern area of Phnom Penh. Today these sites are for most of them already destroyed or greatly endangered.
Through the study of ceramic sherds collected during surveys prior to a preventive archeology program of UNESCO, we could follow over a period of about eight centuries, the activity of a large area of potters.
Cheung Ek is proving to be a major site for understanding the emergence of the indianized kitchen-ware from the late-funanese period as the famous Kendis, whose production is characteristic. Techniques and developments have been outlined. At the Angkorian period, the site became one of the largest centers of pottery manufacturing under the ancient Khmer kingdom.
This preliminary report describes the research conducted before the UNESCO excavation in 2013 and focuses on a preangkorian ceramic assemblage study detailing technical groups from assemblages unearthed on the monumental circular earthwork site. The first results provide interesting data for a further comparative approach still to be done for the Khmer cultural area. At the end of the report we also discuss about Angkorian ceramic kilns and their stoneware productions whose study is currently underway.
This first report wishes to emphasize the need for a fine chrono-typology of the Cheung Ek productions, a reference site for Khmer archeology.
French mostly, Rosomania contributed to the emergence of large well-known horticultural centers such as Anjou, Brie, Orléanais or Lyonnais.
Who would have guessed that the Rose was also from Sarthe? That the oldest French variety whose date is precisely known was from Le Mans? That the longest advertisement ever devoted to a rose appeared in the local press?
During the first half of the 19th century, amateur-gardeners and a few professionals were able to give the Rose its prestige and promote it beyond borders. Tracing the history of these enthusiasts, sketching an inventory of their production, trying to find nowadays (who knows?) some of their achievements, such is the challenge of the present study.
This research was also an opportunity to pay tribute to a contemporary, Jean-Pierre Vibert from Le Mans, breeder of more than 300 roses, most of them created from old varieties. Proof that after two centuries, the flame of Rosomania has still not gone out...
Its first purpose is to weave together the discoveries made over the last century on various sites and in different contexts. It attempts to interpret historically and economically the presence of local minting that imitated or reinterpreted the models and symbols that prevailed in the rest of Indian-influenced Southeast Asia.
How can the presence of Hellenized and Roman coins, originating from the Mediterranean Basin of from Indo-Greek kingdoms, be explained? How can the many medallions and coins belonging to the vast family of coins from the Indian-influenced kingdoms of Southeast Asia, particularly Pyu and Mon that thrived in what is now Myanmar and Thailand, be explained? And finally, how can the presence of coins that copy and imitate, but also reinterpret and combine in a novel way the monetary symbols cataloged to data be explained?
Digging deeper into a history that remains obscure in many respects, this work will foster or rekindle a lively debate and be of passionate interest to Cambodians wanting to become familiar with and understand their distant heritage.
Since the discovery in 1997 of the monumental circular earthwork site at Cheung Ek and further of a vast complex of angkorian stoneware kilns in the early 2000s, the research done by both Khmer and French archaeologists have gradually shown the archaeological features and resources of the southern area of Phnom Penh. Today these sites are for most of them already destroyed or greatly endangered.
Through the study of ceramic sherds collected during surveys prior to a preventive archeology program of UNESCO, we could follow over a period of about eight centuries, the activity of a large area of potters.
Cheung Ek is proving to be a major site for understanding the emergence of the indianized kitchen-ware from the late-funanese period as the famous Kendis, whose production is characteristic. Techniques and developments have been outlined. At the Angkorian period, the site became one of the largest centers of pottery manufacturing under the ancient Khmer kingdom.
This preliminary report describes the research conducted before the UNESCO excavation in 2013 and focuses on a preangkorian ceramic assemblage study detailing technical groups from assemblages unearthed on the monumental circular earthwork site. The first results provide interesting data for a further comparative approach still to be done for the Khmer cultural area. At the end of the report we also discuss about Angkorian ceramic kilns and their stoneware productions whose study is currently underway.
This first report wishes to emphasize the need for a fine chrono-typology of the Cheung Ek productions, a reference site for Khmer archeology.