Abstract. In order to increase the quality of feldspar ore and to obtain sellable feldspar concen... more Abstract. In order to increase the quality of feldspar ore and to obtain sellable feldspar concentrate, it is necessary to remove coloring impurities such as iron and titanium contained in it. For the removal of coloring minerals from feldspar ore the most widely used method is reverse flotation method. Reverse flotation process is generally carried out in conventional mechanical cells. In this study, it was aimed to enrich low-grade feldspar by using cyclojet flotation cell which was developed as an alternative to conventional cell. Then, experiments were performed by using conventional cell and wet magnetic separator and the results were compared with the flotation results obtained by using cyclojet cell. In experimental studies, 200 micrometer grain sized feldspar (albite) ore obtained from Muğla province at the west side of Turkey was used. It was detected that the sample was containing 0.100% Fe 2 O 3 and 0.360% TiO 2 as coloring minerals. Cyclojet cell, conventional cell and m...
Madencilik islemleri sonucunda uretilen urunlerin cogunlugu sulu prosesler sonucunda elde edilmek... more Madencilik islemleri sonucunda uretilen urunlerin cogunlugu sulu prosesler sonucunda elde edilmekte olup, iceriklerinde onemli miktarlarda su barindirmaktadirlar. Bu su, oncelikle susuzlandirma yontemleri (santrifujleme, filtrasyon vb.) ile giderilmekte ve daha sonra kurutucularla nihai susuzlandirma islemine tabi tutulmaktadir. Gunumuzde madencilik sektorunde kullanilmakta olan ve kullanim potansiyeli bulunan pek cok kurutucu tipi mevcuttur. Kurutucu tipinin dogru secilememesi durumunda hem kurutma suresi hem de kurutma maliyetleri artmaktadir. Bu calismada, alternatif kurutucu tiplerinden olan; akiskan yatakli, doner, mikrodalga, kizilotesi, tambur, ohmik, soklu, solar, rezistansli, dondurmali, kizgin buharli ve seramik kurutucular ele alinmis, avantaj ve dezavantajlari ortaya konmus ve kurutucu secimine isik tutulmustur.
Silis kumu, ana bilesen olarak baslica kuvarstan (SiO 2 ) ve az miktarda kil, kirec, demir ve tit... more Silis kumu, ana bilesen olarak baslica kuvarstan (SiO 2 ) ve az miktarda kil, kirec, demir ve titanyum oksitten olusur. Demir ve titanyum oksit orani silis kumunun pazarini belirleyen ve kullanim alanlarini kisitlayan en onemli safsizliklarin basinda gelmektedir. Soz konusu safsizliklarin gravite, flotasyon ve manyetik ayirma gibi konvansiyonel yontemlerle giderilememesi durumunda genellikle inorganik asitlerle lic yapilmaktadir. Ancak inorganik asitlerle lic yontemi hem maliyetli hem de cevresel acidan pek cok sakincalara sahiptir. Bu calismada Istanbul Şile bolgesi silis kumlarinin cevre dostu zayif organik asitlerle saflastirilmasi hedeflenmistir. Organik asitlerden sitrik asit, tartarik asit ve oksalik asit kullanilarak numunenin SiO 2 orani arttirilmis, Fe 2 O 3 ve TiO 2 icerikleri azaltilmistir. Ayrica, organik asitlerin verimliliginin karsilastirilabilmesi icin HF, HCl ve H 2 SO 4 gibi inorganik asitlerle de deneyler yurutulmustur. En yuksek safligi saglayan organik asit tipi...
Bu calismada Kastamonu-Tosya bolgesinden temsili olarak temin edilen linyit komuru numuneleri etu... more Bu calismada Kastamonu-Tosya bolgesinden temsili olarak temin edilen linyit komuru numuneleri etuvde ve mikrodalga firinda ayri ayri kurutulmus ve ardindan laboratuvar tipi cubuklu degirmende ogutulmustur. Cesitli surelerde (10, 20, 30 ve 60 dakika) ogutulmus numunelerin tane boyut analizi gerceklestirilerek, sonuclar karsilastirilmistir. Sonuc olarak, etuvde kurutulan numunelerin, 10, 20, 30 ve 60 dakika ogutme sonunda, d80 tane boyutlari sirasiyla 350, 183, 180 ve 100 µm olarak tespit edilmistir. Diger taraftan ayni surelerde mikrodalga kurutma uygulanan numunelerin d80 tane boyutlari sirasiyla 240, 175, 160 ve 97 µm olarak bulunmustur. Ayrica, iki farkli mekanizma ile kurutulduktan sonra ogutulen linyit numunelerinin Hardgrove ogutulebilirlik indeksi degerleri de hesaplanarak, birbirleri ile karsilastirilmistir
The fabrication of nano-sized materials with conventional ball mill is a very difficult process. ... more The fabrication of nano-sized materials with conventional ball mill is a very difficult process. But it is not impossible. When the capacity of the mill is reduced, the nano-sized product can be reached. In this study, nano-sized calcite was produced by conventional ball mill. Firstly, the mill capacity (feed amount) was reduced, then, the effect of the grinding media type was investigated. Spherical ball and cylindrical shaped “Cylpebs” are used as grinding media. Comparative tests have been performed using Cylpebs and spherical balls in a 20 tph capacity industrial ball mill under the same conditions. The results showed that Cylpebs was more efficient than conventional spherical balls. In addition, the capacity of the conventional ball mill for the fabrication of nano-sized products should be significantly reduced. When the mill capacity is reduced by 75% (5 tph) and grinded with Cylpebs, the fineness (d 90 ) of the product reaches 1300 nanometers
Zonguldak komur havzasinda uretilen ortalama %50 kullu tuvenan komurden, jig ve agir ortam gibi f... more Zonguldak komur havzasinda uretilen ortalama %50 kullu tuvenan komurden, jig ve agir ortam gibi fiziksel zenginlestirme yontemleriyle %7-8 kullu temiz komurler uretilebilmektedir. Ancak, %7'den daha dusuk kul icerigine sahip komurlerin uretimi icin once komurun mikronize boyuta ogutulmesi ardindan cesitli asitlerle lic islemine tabi tutulmasi gerekmektedir. Bu calismada, Zonguldak komurunden ultra temiz komur uretimi icin HF, HCL, HNO3 ve organik bir asit olan Sitrik asit ile ayri ayri lic deneyleri yapilmistir. Lic isleminde asit tipinin, tane boyutunun, sicakligin ve lic suresinin etkisi arastirilmistir. HF ile yapilan lic islemi sonucunda, %8.84 kullu Zonguldak komurunden %0.82 kullu ultra temiz komurun uretilebilecegi gorulmustur.
Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2017
ABSTRACT Petroleum-derived reagents such as kerosene and methyl isobutyl carbinol, which are wide... more ABSTRACT Petroleum-derived reagents such as kerosene and methyl isobutyl carbinol, which are widely used in coal flotation, pose many environmental risks and can cause various occupational diseases. In addition, petroleum products are a nonrenewable source and will be consumed in the near future. In this context, it is necessary to find and develop alternative, renewable products to petroleum products. In this study, sunflower oil was used as an alternative to kerosene, which is an oil product as a collector. Coal flotation experiments and contact angle measurements were carried out with kerosene and sunflower oil. Eucalyptus oil was used as the frother in all experiments. After that, the results obtained from the flotation experiments were compared in terms of ash, combustible recovery, and efficiency index (EI) while the contact angle values were compared to each other. The results showed that sunflower oil is a vegetable oil that can be used as an alternative to kerosene.
Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2016
ABSTRACT Turkey’s proven bituminous coal reserve is very low, and it is about 1.3 billion tons. T... more ABSTRACT Turkey’s proven bituminous coal reserve is very low, and it is about 1.3 billion tons. The annual bituminous coal production is 2 million tons, and the annual import amount is 30 million tons. Turkey is a foreign-dependent country in its bituminous coal requirement. In this respect, the highest recycling of coarse and fine plant tailings is important in respect of the efficient use of limited natural resources. In this study, a novel process was developed for medium quality fuel production from coarse plant tailings. By the developed process, from coarse plant tailings with an ash content of 78.21%, medium quality fuel was produced which has ash content between 29.20 and 44.38% and which has economic value in the current market. The upper calorific values of these fuels change between 5620 and 4350 kcal/kg. The developed process basically includes the stages of micronized grinding and then froth flotation applied to the obtained powder tailing material.
Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2016
ABSTRACT From run-of-mine coal with an average ash of 50% being produced at Zonguldak coal basin,... more ABSTRACT From run-of-mine coal with an average ash of 50% being produced at Zonguldak coal basin, clean coal with 7% ash can be produced through physical enrichment methods such as jig and heavy media. However, for the production of coal with an ash content of lower than 7%, it is required for the coal to be first ground and then subjected to chemical leaching operation. In this study, chemical leaching tests were performed with aqueous HF, HCL, HNO3, and citric acid (CA) in order to produce ultra-clean coal (UCC) from Zonguldak bituminous coal. The effects of type of chemical, grain size, temperature, and leaching time in the leaching process were studied. It was observed that UCC with 0.82% ash could be produced from sample coal with 8.84% ash as the result of leaching operation with aqueous HF.
International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 2016
ABSTRACT Currently nearly 6 million tonnes of bituminous coal are produced in Turkey and more tha... more ABSTRACT Currently nearly 6 million tonnes of bituminous coal are produced in Turkey and more than 0.3 million tonnes of slime coal are discarded from the coal-washing plants. Slime coal is a low-calorie fuel containing clay and other minerals and high levels of moisture. The filter cake sample used for the study was obtained from a hydrocyclone overflow. The moisture content of the disc-filtered bituminous coal was 26% and its average particle size was ~30 microns. The slime-coal filter cake sample was agglomerated in 2 cm diameter material before the drying experiments. The agglomerates were dried separately in both microwave and conventional ovens. After the drying process, the efficiency of each oven was determined. The surface temperatures and compressive strengths of the agglomerates dried in both types of oven were compared. In the microwave oven, micro- and macrocracks appeared on the agglomerates causing them to dry faster. In that manner, the drying efficiency of the microwave was found to be higher. As the microwave energy heated the agglomerate selectively, the surface temperature was found to be lower. However, the quick-drying process caused a decrease in the strength of agglomerates.
Flotasyon, sulu bir ortam içerisinde hava kabarcığı oluşturmak ve bu kabarcıklarla kıymetli cevhe... more Flotasyon, sulu bir ortam içerisinde hava kabarcığı oluşturmak ve bu kabarcıklarla kıymetli cevheri yüzdürme yoluyla yapılan bir ayırma ve zenginleştirme işlemidir. Bu çalışmada, Zonguldak bitümlü şlam kömürünün Jameson hücresinde flotasyonu için en uygun toplayıcı ve köpürtücü cinsi araştırılmıştır. Flotasyon deneyleri 4 farklı tipte köpürtücü (MIBC, Dowfroth 250, Çamyağı, 2-etil hegzanol) ve 4 farklı tipte toplayıcı (gazyağı, fuel oil, motorin, benzin) kullanılarak yapılmıştır. En yüksek flotasyon verimi köpürtücü olarak MIBC, toplayıcı olarak gazyağının kullanılması durumunda elde edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan, en düşük küllü temiz kömürler 2-etil hegzanol köpürtücüsü ve benzin toplayıcısı ile elde edilmiştir. Sonuçta, Jameson hücresinde en uygun köpürtücü ve toplayıcı cinsi kullanılarak %48.80 kül içeren bitümlü kömür şlamlarından, %78 yanabilir verim değeriyle, %15.48 küllü koklaşabilir özellikte temiz kömürler üretilmiştir.
Abstract. In order to increase the quality of feldspar ore and to obtain sellable feldspar concen... more Abstract. In order to increase the quality of feldspar ore and to obtain sellable feldspar concentrate, it is necessary to remove coloring impurities such as iron and titanium contained in it. For the removal of coloring minerals from feldspar ore the most widely used method is reverse flotation method. Reverse flotation process is generally carried out in conventional mechanical cells. In this study, it was aimed to enrich low-grade feldspar by using cyclojet flotation cell which was developed as an alternative to conventional cell. Then, experiments were performed by using conventional cell and wet magnetic separator and the results were compared with the flotation results obtained by using cyclojet cell. In experimental studies, 200 micrometer grain sized feldspar (albite) ore obtained from Muğla province at the west side of Turkey was used. It was detected that the sample was containing 0.100% Fe 2 O 3 and 0.360% TiO 2 as coloring minerals. Cyclojet cell, conventional cell and m...
Madencilik islemleri sonucunda uretilen urunlerin cogunlugu sulu prosesler sonucunda elde edilmek... more Madencilik islemleri sonucunda uretilen urunlerin cogunlugu sulu prosesler sonucunda elde edilmekte olup, iceriklerinde onemli miktarlarda su barindirmaktadirlar. Bu su, oncelikle susuzlandirma yontemleri (santrifujleme, filtrasyon vb.) ile giderilmekte ve daha sonra kurutucularla nihai susuzlandirma islemine tabi tutulmaktadir. Gunumuzde madencilik sektorunde kullanilmakta olan ve kullanim potansiyeli bulunan pek cok kurutucu tipi mevcuttur. Kurutucu tipinin dogru secilememesi durumunda hem kurutma suresi hem de kurutma maliyetleri artmaktadir. Bu calismada, alternatif kurutucu tiplerinden olan; akiskan yatakli, doner, mikrodalga, kizilotesi, tambur, ohmik, soklu, solar, rezistansli, dondurmali, kizgin buharli ve seramik kurutucular ele alinmis, avantaj ve dezavantajlari ortaya konmus ve kurutucu secimine isik tutulmustur.
Silis kumu, ana bilesen olarak baslica kuvarstan (SiO 2 ) ve az miktarda kil, kirec, demir ve tit... more Silis kumu, ana bilesen olarak baslica kuvarstan (SiO 2 ) ve az miktarda kil, kirec, demir ve titanyum oksitten olusur. Demir ve titanyum oksit orani silis kumunun pazarini belirleyen ve kullanim alanlarini kisitlayan en onemli safsizliklarin basinda gelmektedir. Soz konusu safsizliklarin gravite, flotasyon ve manyetik ayirma gibi konvansiyonel yontemlerle giderilememesi durumunda genellikle inorganik asitlerle lic yapilmaktadir. Ancak inorganik asitlerle lic yontemi hem maliyetli hem de cevresel acidan pek cok sakincalara sahiptir. Bu calismada Istanbul Şile bolgesi silis kumlarinin cevre dostu zayif organik asitlerle saflastirilmasi hedeflenmistir. Organik asitlerden sitrik asit, tartarik asit ve oksalik asit kullanilarak numunenin SiO 2 orani arttirilmis, Fe 2 O 3 ve TiO 2 icerikleri azaltilmistir. Ayrica, organik asitlerin verimliliginin karsilastirilabilmesi icin HF, HCl ve H 2 SO 4 gibi inorganik asitlerle de deneyler yurutulmustur. En yuksek safligi saglayan organik asit tipi...
Bu calismada Kastamonu-Tosya bolgesinden temsili olarak temin edilen linyit komuru numuneleri etu... more Bu calismada Kastamonu-Tosya bolgesinden temsili olarak temin edilen linyit komuru numuneleri etuvde ve mikrodalga firinda ayri ayri kurutulmus ve ardindan laboratuvar tipi cubuklu degirmende ogutulmustur. Cesitli surelerde (10, 20, 30 ve 60 dakika) ogutulmus numunelerin tane boyut analizi gerceklestirilerek, sonuclar karsilastirilmistir. Sonuc olarak, etuvde kurutulan numunelerin, 10, 20, 30 ve 60 dakika ogutme sonunda, d80 tane boyutlari sirasiyla 350, 183, 180 ve 100 µm olarak tespit edilmistir. Diger taraftan ayni surelerde mikrodalga kurutma uygulanan numunelerin d80 tane boyutlari sirasiyla 240, 175, 160 ve 97 µm olarak bulunmustur. Ayrica, iki farkli mekanizma ile kurutulduktan sonra ogutulen linyit numunelerinin Hardgrove ogutulebilirlik indeksi degerleri de hesaplanarak, birbirleri ile karsilastirilmistir
The fabrication of nano-sized materials with conventional ball mill is a very difficult process. ... more The fabrication of nano-sized materials with conventional ball mill is a very difficult process. But it is not impossible. When the capacity of the mill is reduced, the nano-sized product can be reached. In this study, nano-sized calcite was produced by conventional ball mill. Firstly, the mill capacity (feed amount) was reduced, then, the effect of the grinding media type was investigated. Spherical ball and cylindrical shaped “Cylpebs” are used as grinding media. Comparative tests have been performed using Cylpebs and spherical balls in a 20 tph capacity industrial ball mill under the same conditions. The results showed that Cylpebs was more efficient than conventional spherical balls. In addition, the capacity of the conventional ball mill for the fabrication of nano-sized products should be significantly reduced. When the mill capacity is reduced by 75% (5 tph) and grinded with Cylpebs, the fineness (d 90 ) of the product reaches 1300 nanometers
Zonguldak komur havzasinda uretilen ortalama %50 kullu tuvenan komurden, jig ve agir ortam gibi f... more Zonguldak komur havzasinda uretilen ortalama %50 kullu tuvenan komurden, jig ve agir ortam gibi fiziksel zenginlestirme yontemleriyle %7-8 kullu temiz komurler uretilebilmektedir. Ancak, %7'den daha dusuk kul icerigine sahip komurlerin uretimi icin once komurun mikronize boyuta ogutulmesi ardindan cesitli asitlerle lic islemine tabi tutulmasi gerekmektedir. Bu calismada, Zonguldak komurunden ultra temiz komur uretimi icin HF, HCL, HNO3 ve organik bir asit olan Sitrik asit ile ayri ayri lic deneyleri yapilmistir. Lic isleminde asit tipinin, tane boyutunun, sicakligin ve lic suresinin etkisi arastirilmistir. HF ile yapilan lic islemi sonucunda, %8.84 kullu Zonguldak komurunden %0.82 kullu ultra temiz komurun uretilebilecegi gorulmustur.
Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2017
ABSTRACT Petroleum-derived reagents such as kerosene and methyl isobutyl carbinol, which are wide... more ABSTRACT Petroleum-derived reagents such as kerosene and methyl isobutyl carbinol, which are widely used in coal flotation, pose many environmental risks and can cause various occupational diseases. In addition, petroleum products are a nonrenewable source and will be consumed in the near future. In this context, it is necessary to find and develop alternative, renewable products to petroleum products. In this study, sunflower oil was used as an alternative to kerosene, which is an oil product as a collector. Coal flotation experiments and contact angle measurements were carried out with kerosene and sunflower oil. Eucalyptus oil was used as the frother in all experiments. After that, the results obtained from the flotation experiments were compared in terms of ash, combustible recovery, and efficiency index (EI) while the contact angle values were compared to each other. The results showed that sunflower oil is a vegetable oil that can be used as an alternative to kerosene.
Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2016
ABSTRACT Turkey’s proven bituminous coal reserve is very low, and it is about 1.3 billion tons. T... more ABSTRACT Turkey’s proven bituminous coal reserve is very low, and it is about 1.3 billion tons. The annual bituminous coal production is 2 million tons, and the annual import amount is 30 million tons. Turkey is a foreign-dependent country in its bituminous coal requirement. In this respect, the highest recycling of coarse and fine plant tailings is important in respect of the efficient use of limited natural resources. In this study, a novel process was developed for medium quality fuel production from coarse plant tailings. By the developed process, from coarse plant tailings with an ash content of 78.21%, medium quality fuel was produced which has ash content between 29.20 and 44.38% and which has economic value in the current market. The upper calorific values of these fuels change between 5620 and 4350 kcal/kg. The developed process basically includes the stages of micronized grinding and then froth flotation applied to the obtained powder tailing material.
Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2016
ABSTRACT From run-of-mine coal with an average ash of 50% being produced at Zonguldak coal basin,... more ABSTRACT From run-of-mine coal with an average ash of 50% being produced at Zonguldak coal basin, clean coal with 7% ash can be produced through physical enrichment methods such as jig and heavy media. However, for the production of coal with an ash content of lower than 7%, it is required for the coal to be first ground and then subjected to chemical leaching operation. In this study, chemical leaching tests were performed with aqueous HF, HCL, HNO3, and citric acid (CA) in order to produce ultra-clean coal (UCC) from Zonguldak bituminous coal. The effects of type of chemical, grain size, temperature, and leaching time in the leaching process were studied. It was observed that UCC with 0.82% ash could be produced from sample coal with 8.84% ash as the result of leaching operation with aqueous HF.
International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 2016
ABSTRACT Currently nearly 6 million tonnes of bituminous coal are produced in Turkey and more tha... more ABSTRACT Currently nearly 6 million tonnes of bituminous coal are produced in Turkey and more than 0.3 million tonnes of slime coal are discarded from the coal-washing plants. Slime coal is a low-calorie fuel containing clay and other minerals and high levels of moisture. The filter cake sample used for the study was obtained from a hydrocyclone overflow. The moisture content of the disc-filtered bituminous coal was 26% and its average particle size was ~30 microns. The slime-coal filter cake sample was agglomerated in 2 cm diameter material before the drying experiments. The agglomerates were dried separately in both microwave and conventional ovens. After the drying process, the efficiency of each oven was determined. The surface temperatures and compressive strengths of the agglomerates dried in both types of oven were compared. In the microwave oven, micro- and macrocracks appeared on the agglomerates causing them to dry faster. In that manner, the drying efficiency of the microwave was found to be higher. As the microwave energy heated the agglomerate selectively, the surface temperature was found to be lower. However, the quick-drying process caused a decrease in the strength of agglomerates.
Flotasyon, sulu bir ortam içerisinde hava kabarcığı oluşturmak ve bu kabarcıklarla kıymetli cevhe... more Flotasyon, sulu bir ortam içerisinde hava kabarcığı oluşturmak ve bu kabarcıklarla kıymetli cevheri yüzdürme yoluyla yapılan bir ayırma ve zenginleştirme işlemidir. Bu çalışmada, Zonguldak bitümlü şlam kömürünün Jameson hücresinde flotasyonu için en uygun toplayıcı ve köpürtücü cinsi araştırılmıştır. Flotasyon deneyleri 4 farklı tipte köpürtücü (MIBC, Dowfroth 250, Çamyağı, 2-etil hegzanol) ve 4 farklı tipte toplayıcı (gazyağı, fuel oil, motorin, benzin) kullanılarak yapılmıştır. En yüksek flotasyon verimi köpürtücü olarak MIBC, toplayıcı olarak gazyağının kullanılması durumunda elde edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan, en düşük küllü temiz kömürler 2-etil hegzanol köpürtücüsü ve benzin toplayıcısı ile elde edilmiştir. Sonuçta, Jameson hücresinde en uygun köpürtücü ve toplayıcı cinsi kullanılarak %48.80 kül içeren bitümlü kömür şlamlarından, %78 yanabilir verim değeriyle, %15.48 küllü koklaşabilir özellikte temiz kömürler üretilmiştir.
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