NRC is tasked with assessment, inspection, and regulation of commercial nuclear facilities. In re... more NRC is tasked with assessment, inspection, and regulation of commercial nuclear facilities. In recent years, the scientific community has been able, through analysis of operating events both here and abroad, to determine that management and organization, including safety culture, may play an important role in event initiation, management and recovery. Moreover, there may be a need to deepen the understanding of processes at nuclear power plants (NPPs) that relate to risk. There may be a need to develop tools that assist staff to inspect and assess management and organization factors that influence safety, including safety culture. Since safety culture is believed to be a leading indicator of human and plant performance, assessment will contribute to more effective and proactive regulation.
This paper presents a review of available information related to human performance to support Hum... more This paper presents a review of available information related to human performance to support Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) performed for nuclear power plants (NPPs). A number of data sources are identified as potentially useful. These include NPP licensee event reports, augmented inspection team reports, operator requalification data, results from the literature in experimental psychology, and the Aviation Safety Reporting System. The paper discusses how utilizing such information improves our capability to model and quantify human performance. In particular, the paper discusses how information related to performance shaping factors can be extracted from empirical data to determine their size effect, their relative effects, as well as their interactions. The paper concludes that appropriate use of existing sources can help addressing some of the important issues we are currently facing in HRA.
Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting Proceedings, 1991
... one F-16 fighter pilot. Enemy aircraft did not have aggressive or evasive capabilities. As im... more ... one F-16 fighter pilot. Enemy aircraft did not have aggressive or evasive capabilities. As important to testing this hypothesis is a measure of the activity in working memory. This measure should be relatively unobtrusive and direct. The measure we chose is the verbal report. Like ...
Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting Proceedings, 1988
The purpose of this paper is to raise issues for discussion regarding the applications of mental ... more The purpose of this paper is to raise issues for discussion regarding the applications of mental models in the study of complex performance. Applications for training, expert systems and decision aids, job selection, workstation design, and other complex environments are considered. 1 ref.
This paper describes a series of tools that were developed to achieve a balance in under-standing... more This paper describes a series of tools that were developed to achieve a balance in under-standing LOWs and the human component of events (including accountability) as the INL continues its shift to a learning culture where people report, are accountable and interested in making a positive difference - and want to report because information is handled correctly and the result benefits both the reporting individual and the organization. We present our model for understanding these interrelationships; the initiatives that were undertaken to improve overall performance.
This panel will discuss what new directions are necessary to maximize the usefulness of HRA techn... more This panel will discuss what new directions are necessary to maximize the usefulness of HRA techniques across different areas of application. HRA has long been a part of Probabilistic Risk Assessment in the nuclear industry as it offers a superior standard for risk-based decision-making. These techniques are continuing to be adopted by other industries including oil & gas, cybersecurity, nuclear, and aviation. Each participant will present his or her ideas concerning industry needs followed by a discussion about what research is needed and the necessity to achieve cross industry collaboration.
Proceedings of the IEEE 7th Conference on Human Factors and Power Plants, 2002
This paper presents results of a study of the contributions of human performance to risk in opera... more This paper presents results of a study of the contributions of human performance to risk in operating events at commercial nuclear power plants. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) sponsored the study, which was performed by the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). The NRC Accident Sequence Precursor (ASP) Program and the Human Performance Events Database (HPED) were used to
Proceedings of the IEEE 7th Conference on Human Factors and Power Plants, 2002
As the field of human reliability analysis (HRA) matures, increasingly it is recognized that crew... more As the field of human reliability analysis (HRA) matures, increasingly it is recognized that crew performance influences the character of operating events. This paper discusses the basis underlying the HRA characterization and quantification of crew decision processes that materially contribute to performance in response to abnormal conditions. This basis is the result of interpreting crew performance data collected during simulator
NRC is tasked with assessment, inspection, and regulation of commercial nuclear facilities. In re... more NRC is tasked with assessment, inspection, and regulation of commercial nuclear facilities. In recent years, the scientific community has been able, through analysis of operating events both here and abroad, to determine that management and organization, including safety culture, may play an important role in event initiation, management and recovery. Moreover, there may be a need to deepen the understanding of processes at nuclear power plants (NPPs) that relate to risk. There may be a need to develop tools that assist staff to inspect and assess management and organization factors that influence safety, including safety culture. Since safety culture is believed to be a leading indicator of human and plant performance, assessment will contribute to more effective and proactive regulation.
This paper presents a review of available information related to human performance to support Hum... more This paper presents a review of available information related to human performance to support Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) performed for nuclear power plants (NPPs). A number of data sources are identified as potentially useful. These include NPP licensee event reports, augmented inspection team reports, operator requalification data, results from the literature in experimental psychology, and the Aviation Safety Reporting System. The paper discusses how utilizing such information improves our capability to model and quantify human performance. In particular, the paper discusses how information related to performance shaping factors can be extracted from empirical data to determine their size effect, their relative effects, as well as their interactions. The paper concludes that appropriate use of existing sources can help addressing some of the important issues we are currently facing in HRA.
Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting Proceedings, 1991
... one F-16 fighter pilot. Enemy aircraft did not have aggressive or evasive capabilities. As im... more ... one F-16 fighter pilot. Enemy aircraft did not have aggressive or evasive capabilities. As important to testing this hypothesis is a measure of the activity in working memory. This measure should be relatively unobtrusive and direct. The measure we chose is the verbal report. Like ...
Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting Proceedings, 1988
The purpose of this paper is to raise issues for discussion regarding the applications of mental ... more The purpose of this paper is to raise issues for discussion regarding the applications of mental models in the study of complex performance. Applications for training, expert systems and decision aids, job selection, workstation design, and other complex environments are considered. 1 ref.
This paper describes a series of tools that were developed to achieve a balance in under-standing... more This paper describes a series of tools that were developed to achieve a balance in under-standing LOWs and the human component of events (including accountability) as the INL continues its shift to a learning culture where people report, are accountable and interested in making a positive difference - and want to report because information is handled correctly and the result benefits both the reporting individual and the organization. We present our model for understanding these interrelationships; the initiatives that were undertaken to improve overall performance.
This panel will discuss what new directions are necessary to maximize the usefulness of HRA techn... more This panel will discuss what new directions are necessary to maximize the usefulness of HRA techniques across different areas of application. HRA has long been a part of Probabilistic Risk Assessment in the nuclear industry as it offers a superior standard for risk-based decision-making. These techniques are continuing to be adopted by other industries including oil & gas, cybersecurity, nuclear, and aviation. Each participant will present his or her ideas concerning industry needs followed by a discussion about what research is needed and the necessity to achieve cross industry collaboration.
Proceedings of the IEEE 7th Conference on Human Factors and Power Plants, 2002
This paper presents results of a study of the contributions of human performance to risk in opera... more This paper presents results of a study of the contributions of human performance to risk in operating events at commercial nuclear power plants. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) sponsored the study, which was performed by the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). The NRC Accident Sequence Precursor (ASP) Program and the Human Performance Events Database (HPED) were used to
Proceedings of the IEEE 7th Conference on Human Factors and Power Plants, 2002
As the field of human reliability analysis (HRA) matures, increasingly it is recognized that crew... more As the field of human reliability analysis (HRA) matures, increasingly it is recognized that crew performance influences the character of operating events. This paper discusses the basis underlying the HRA characterization and quantification of crew decision processes that materially contribute to performance in response to abnormal conditions. This basis is the result of interpreting crew performance data collected during simulator
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Papers by Harold Blackman