BackgroundThe combustion of tobacco is the main cause of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality.... more BackgroundThe combustion of tobacco is the main cause of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. Nicotine vaping products (NVP) are potentially disruptive innovations with considerable potential for population health. A key question is whether NVP are replacing tobacco cigarettes, which requires mapping uptake of NVP. Collecting information on nicotine use is difficult for many countries due to cost. The objective of this study was to derive a global estimate of vaping.MethodsSince 2018 we have collected information on the prevalence of NVP use. To estimate the prevalence of vaping in countries lacking information, we used the method of assumed similarity between countries in the same region and economic condition. Based on surveys, we calculated the average prevalence of vaping for each WHO region, World Bank income classification group and legal status of NVP. For each of these groups the average prevalence of vaping was calculated. These values were used as substitutes for the p...
Background The combustion of tobacco is the main cause of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality... more Background The combustion of tobacco is the main cause of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. E-cigarettes are potentially disruptive innovations with considerable potential for population health. A key question is whether e-cigarettes are replacing tobacco cigarettes, which requires mapping their prevalence. Collecting information on nicotine use is difficult for many countries due to cost. The objective of this study was to derive a global estimate of e-cigarette use (vaping). Methods Since 2018 we have collected information on the prevalence of e-cigarette use. To estimate the prevalence of vaping in countries lacking information, we used the method of assumed similarity between countries in the same region and economic condition. Based on surveys, we calculated the average prevalence of vaping for each WHO region, World Bank income classification group, and the legal status of e-cigarettes in each country. For each of these groups the average prevalence of vaping was calcul...
Summary • All the available official data indicates that in general terms, albeit with some recen... more Summary • All the available official data indicates that in general terms, albeit with some recent blips and changing patterns of use, non-medical drug use in the UK has been in decline since the start of this century. • However, from around 2006, there has been a growing interest in, and availability of, a new generation of drugs collectively known as Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS) or more colloquially, 'legal highs' and less frequently 'research chemicals.' • The arrival of NPS has been something of a ‘game-changer’ in that traditional models of drug diffusion and supply (e.g. for heroin or cocaine) have been joined by the internet as a new route of wholesale and retail supply, distribution and information exchange. • From 2006 until 2016, many of these substances have been legally available on the high street, both from 'head shops' and a range of other retail outlets such as petrol stations and fast food outlets. However, the Psychoactive Substances ...
BackgroundThe combustion of tobacco is the main cause of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality.... more BackgroundThe combustion of tobacco is the main cause of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. Nicotine vaping products (NVP) are potentially disruptive innovations with considerable potential for population health. A key question is whether NVP are replacing tobacco cigarettes, which requires mapping uptake of NVP. Collecting information on nicotine use is difficult for many countries due to cost. The objective of this study was to derive a global estimate of vaping.MethodsSince 2018 we have collected information on the prevalence of NVP use. To estimate the prevalence of vaping in countries lacking information, we used the method of assumed similarity between countries in the same region and economic condition. Based on surveys, we calculated the average prevalence of vaping for each WHO region, World Bank income classification group and legal status of NVP. For each of these groups the average prevalence of vaping was calculated. These values were used as substitutes for the p...
Background The combustion of tobacco is the main cause of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality... more Background The combustion of tobacco is the main cause of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. E-cigarettes are potentially disruptive innovations with considerable potential for population health. A key question is whether e-cigarettes are replacing tobacco cigarettes, which requires mapping their prevalence. Collecting information on nicotine use is difficult for many countries due to cost. The objective of this study was to derive a global estimate of e-cigarette use (vaping). Methods Since 2018 we have collected information on the prevalence of e-cigarette use. To estimate the prevalence of vaping in countries lacking information, we used the method of assumed similarity between countries in the same region and economic condition. Based on surveys, we calculated the average prevalence of vaping for each WHO region, World Bank income classification group, and the legal status of e-cigarettes in each country. For each of these groups the average prevalence of vaping was calcul...
Summary • All the available official data indicates that in general terms, albeit with some recen... more Summary • All the available official data indicates that in general terms, albeit with some recent blips and changing patterns of use, non-medical drug use in the UK has been in decline since the start of this century. • However, from around 2006, there has been a growing interest in, and availability of, a new generation of drugs collectively known as Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS) or more colloquially, 'legal highs' and less frequently 'research chemicals.' • The arrival of NPS has been something of a ‘game-changer’ in that traditional models of drug diffusion and supply (e.g. for heroin or cocaine) have been joined by the internet as a new route of wholesale and retail supply, distribution and information exchange. • From 2006 until 2016, many of these substances have been legally available on the high street, both from 'head shops' and a range of other retail outlets such as petrol stations and fast food outlets. However, the Psychoactive Substances ...
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Papers by Harry Shapiro