Books by Hector B. F L E T E S Ocón
En el texto hacemos un análisis etnográfico de los procesos, actores y redes que configuran caden... more En el texto hacemos un análisis etnográfico de los procesos, actores y redes que configuran cadenas agroindustriales de mango desde el Corredor Costero del estado de Chiapas (regiones Soconusco y Costa). El estudio se centra en el periodo que abarca de mediados de la década de los noventa, cuando comienza una intensa dinámica productiva, comercial y exportadora de esta fruta, al año 2013. La relevancia teórica del capítulo radica, en primer lugar, en el análisis de las relaciones sociales de producción, comercialización y consumo de frutas entre diferentes actores en y desde un ámbito territorial específico. Con ello se pretende arrojar luz sobre las formas que adquiere y en que se construye la globalización agroalimentaria en los territorios, así como la heterogeneidad de valores, intereses y representaciones que los actores sociales establecen en torno a aspectos estructurales y de poder (Morgan, Marsden & Murdoch, 2006, pp. 21-25; Long, 2008, p. 74). En segundo lugar, es relevante porque en México el de las frutas es uno de los sectores con mayor dinamismo en la agricultura desde los años sesenta del pasado siglo, lo que deja ver los procesos de cambio en este sector (Calleja, 2007).
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The introduction of neoliberal policies in Mexico has heightened social and economic inequality a... more The introduction of neoliberal policies in Mexico has heightened social and economic inequality as their impacts have been greater in less developed agricultural regions that suffer the consequences of greater distances from markets, reduced availability of capital and weak infrastructure. The development of these contradictions has brought with it different forms of resistance. In this chapter, we offer an analysis of the consequences that the implementation of neoliberalism has engendered in Mexico and the manner in which local groups have resisted the penetration of forms of intensive industrial agriculture. The analysis centers on the case of a regions in the state of Chiapas in Southern Mexico which is characterized by a poor and poorly diversified economy, peasant agriculture, corn production and also the presence of recent processes of transnationalization of agri-food production. Highlighted are the ways in which subordinate actors create margins of action and establish daily initiatives to survive and deal with different scales and sites of power. These forms of opposition range from the principles and practices of agro-ecology, conservation of agro-diversity and the “recovery of the food model”. Examined are also the limits of these different forms of resistance.
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El texto presenta la historia reciente, alcance, contradicciones y disputas económicas y sociocul... more El texto presenta la historia reciente, alcance, contradicciones y disputas económicas y socioculturales en torno a la aprobación de la Denominación de Origen Mango Ataulfo del Soconusco Chiapas (DMA), emitida en México en el año 2003. A diferencia de otras distinciones geográficas en el país, este caso tiene un asunto central: su aprobación ocurre en medio de la abrumadora mercantilización y expansión de cadenas internacionales de esta fruta desde la región, no de su configuración como un producto artesanal. Sin embargo, en ciertos momentos, los actores participantes (tanto productores como empacadores) utilizan el recurso de la identidad territorial para defender ciertos espacios de regulación, o de generación y apropiación de valor.
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Papers by Hector B. F L E T E S Ocón
Eutopía, Revista de Desarrollo Económico Territorial, Jun 30, 2019
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Estudios Fronterizos , 2017
We offer an ethnographic description of the circulation of vegetables on the border between Mexic... more We offer an ethnographic description of the circulation of vegetables on the border between Mexico and Guatemala. These goods move from one country to the other through ant-style piecemeal trafficking on misdirected paths: they enter constantly as contraband in small quantities, using tolerated border crossings. The objective is to show how the interactions between the border actors involved construct a local order that is different from that of the State’s normative parameters. An order is founded on a series of unwritten rules that govern the practices of crossing, thereby creating an “interpretive community.” This paper clarifies why the operating personnel from different levels of the Mexican government charged with overseeing trade are not outside of this community but rather compose an important part of it and how the State is empirically constructed within it, starting from the idea that the State is not an all-encompassing and coherent entity.
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We offer an ethnographic description of the circulation of vegetables on
the border between Mexic... more We offer an ethnographic description of the circulation of vegetables on
the border between Mexico and Guatemala. These goods move from one
country to the other through ant-style piecemeal trafficking on misdirected paths: they enter constantly as contraband in small quantities, using tolerated border crossings. The objective is to show how the interactions between the border actors involved construct a local order that is different from that of the State’s normative parameters. An order is founded on a series of unwritten rules that
govern the practices of crossing, thereby creating an “interpretive community.” This paper clarifies why the operating personnel from different levels of the Mexican government charged with overseeing trade are not outside of this community but rather compose an important part of it and how the State is empirically constructed within
it, starting from the idea that the State is not an all-encompassing and coherent entity
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Los organismos internacionales y los especialistas coinciden en que los problemas de crisis e ins... more Los organismos internacionales y los especialistas coinciden en que los problemas de crisis e inseguridad alimentaria, se asocian con las políticas que diferentes países aplicaron en las últimas dos décadas, las cuales desmantelaron los programas de fomento a la agricultura, en particular de los pequeños productores. Aunque esta reestructuración neoliberal se realizó de manera heterogénea, los retos para reactivar la producción agroalimentaria sustentable y de calidad, así como elevar los ingresos rurales, son de gran magnitud, y en ocasiones no aparecen en los objetivos de política nacional. En este documento analizamos la forma en que la reestructuración ha impactado en ciertos patrones de creciente inseguridad alimentaria en México y Chiapas, así como la manera en que pequeños productores han adaptado y retado este proceso, iniciativas con las que revalorizan la lógica de la agricultura campesina y de pequeña escala.
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Employing the case study of the cultivation of African Palms for the production of palm oil in Ch... more Employing the case study of the cultivation of African Palms for the production of palm oil in Chiapas, Mexico, this paper probes the theme of alternative patterns of development to Neoliberal Globalization. In particular, it discusses the issue of the return to State intervention (Neo-Fordism) as an instrument to promote socio-economic development. Chiapas has been the theater of the Zapatista movement of 1994. As a result of that popular uprising and despite its overtly neoliberal posture, the Mexican State significantly intervened in Chiapas. In this context, the monoculture of the African Palm has been pursued as a strategy to address local poverty among farmers, generate alternative and renewable forms of energy and provide a scheme for socio-economic growth in the area. This paper illustrates the contradictory results of this “interventionist” developmental project and the consequences and resistance that it entailed. The analysis of this case reveals the problematic nature of nation-State led interventionist schemes in a context marked by the emerging crisis of the Neoliberal model. It also underscores the significance of local initiatives that are generated by the aspirations and abilities of local residents.
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It is presented an analysis of the agroindustry coordination´s forms in Chiapas, in the South Pac... more It is presented an analysis of the agroindustry coordination´s forms in Chiapas, in the South Pacific of Mexico, in the context of globalization processes and the neoliberal transformation of the State. Three agroindustries are examined: mango, dairy-cheese, and non traditional products. It is based in direct field work that includes case studies by agroindustry. Focus is on regional system´s organization for competitivity; the coordination of specific agroindustries; and how is this related with territorial competitivity conditions. Conclusions indicate the diversity of industry organizational forms in the globalization.
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docencia.colef.mx
... LA INSERCIÓN DE LA SANIDAD EN LAS CADENAS AGROINDUSTRIALES DE MANGO EN CHIAPAS1 Héctor B. Fle... more ... LA INSERCIÓN DE LA SANIDAD EN LAS CADENAS AGROINDUSTRIALES DE MANGO EN CHIAPAS1 Héctor B. Fletes Ocón2 Introducción. ... 107, Issue 1, pp. 55-61 Fletes, Héctor (2008). La construcción de cadenas agroindustriales de mango en Chiapas. ...
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Books by Hector B. F L E T E S Ocón
Papers by Hector B. F L E T E S Ocón
the border between Mexico and Guatemala. These goods move from one
country to the other through ant-style piecemeal trafficking on misdirected paths: they enter constantly as contraband in small quantities, using tolerated border crossings. The objective is to show how the interactions between the border actors involved construct a local order that is different from that of the State’s normative parameters. An order is founded on a series of unwritten rules that
govern the practices of crossing, thereby creating an “interpretive community.” This paper clarifies why the operating personnel from different levels of the Mexican government charged with overseeing trade are not outside of this community but rather compose an important part of it and how the State is empirically constructed within
it, starting from the idea that the State is not an all-encompassing and coherent entity
the border between Mexico and Guatemala. These goods move from one
country to the other through ant-style piecemeal trafficking on misdirected paths: they enter constantly as contraband in small quantities, using tolerated border crossings. The objective is to show how the interactions between the border actors involved construct a local order that is different from that of the State’s normative parameters. An order is founded on a series of unwritten rules that
govern the practices of crossing, thereby creating an “interpretive community.” This paper clarifies why the operating personnel from different levels of the Mexican government charged with overseeing trade are not outside of this community but rather compose an important part of it and how the State is empirically constructed within
it, starting from the idea that the State is not an all-encompassing and coherent entity