Many experiments have been performed over decades and centuries to investigate the problem of abs... more Many experiments have been performed over decades and centuries to investigate the problem of absolute motion and the speed of light, with reported results ranging from complete null results and very small fringe shifts to large first order effects. All existing classical and modern theories, including ether theory, emission theory, and special relativity theory, have failed to consistently explain all of these experiments. In this paper, a new model of motion and the speed of light is proposed that can consistently explain many of the known light speed experiments including the Michelson-Morley experiments, stellar aberration, moving source, moving observer and moving mirror experiments, the Lunar Laser Ranging experiment, the Bryan G Wallace Venus radar range data anomaly, the GPS, the Ives-Stilwell experiments, the Marinov, the Silvertooth , the Roland De Witte experiments, and the Sagnac effect, with few anomalies. The new model is proposed as follows. 1. Light always behaves as if it is emitted from the point where the source is relative to the observer/ detector at the instant of emission. 2. The speed of light in vacuum is always constant c relative to the observer/detector. 3. The effect of absolute motion of the observer/ detector is to create an apparent change in time of emission. 4.Light behaves as if it is reflected from the point in space where the mirror is/was at the moment of emission, with the speed of the reflected light equal to c ± 2v , where v is a component of the mirror velocity relative to the observer, which is perpendicular to the plane of the mirror. The new theory not only can explain why the Michelson-Morley experiments give null results, but also why the Marinov and the Silvertooth experiments give large first order effects. It also reconciles the Michelson-Morley experiment and the Sagnac effect. This paper also solves one of the profound puzzles in physics: the speed of electrostatic and gravitational fields. Is the speed of gravity finite or infinite? The answer is that the speed of gravity has dual nature: finite and infinite. Suppose that the Sun disappeared at t = 0. Would Sun"s gravity on Earth disappear instantaneously or with the delay of the speed of light? At t =-8.3 minutes, the Sun "anticipates" its own disappearance after 8.3 minutes and sends a zero gravitational field towards the Earth, which travels at the speed of light and reaches the Earth at t = 0, coinciding exactly with the instance of disappearance of the Sun!
Many researchers and physicists, including renowned scientists, have long questioned the foundati... more Many researchers and physicists, including renowned scientists, have long questioned the foundations of relativity theory, which are the two postulates: the principle of relativity and the constancy of the speed of light, and their consequences. However, what exactly is wrong with relativity theory has eluded researchers for more than a century. This paper reveals the mystery of why the Michelson-Morley experiments always give null fringe shifts, contrary to other experimental evidences of absolute motion, such as the Silvertooth experiment and the Marinov experiment. A new theory/model of the speed of light is formulated as follows. The effect of absolute motion of the Michelson-Morley device is just to cause an apparent change in the time of emission of light from the source. Thus, both the longitudinal and transverse light beams are delayed or advanced equally, by the same amount, in which case no fringe shift will occur. The center of the light wave fronts is always the same point relative to the observer/detector between the moments of light emission and light detection. The center of the light wave fronts is fixed at the point where the source was relative to the detector at the moment of emission and is always fixed in the reference frame of the detector (relative to the detector) and is therefore always co-moving with the observer/detector. The speed of light is constant c relative to the center of the light wave fronts, and therefore it is always constant relative to the observer. The mystery behind the Michelson-Morley experiment is that it is impossible to detect absolute motion from the interference pattern formed by light beams originating from a single source! Therefore, the key to detect absolute motion by using the Michelson-Morley kind experiments would be by interference of light beams from two independent sources. Such hypothetical experiment would give thousands of fringe shifts. However, such experiment is not possible with current technology, because the coherence time/length of light is very short, and because it is nearly impossible to tune the frequencies of two independent laser sources to be equal to within, say, 0.1 to 1 Hz to get any fringe patterns stable enough to see if a fringe shift occurs with change in orientation of the modified MM device in space.
Zeno"s paradoxes of motion are four related paradoxes created by an ancient Greek philosopher in ... more Zeno"s paradoxes of motion are four related paradoxes created by an ancient Greek philosopher in 500 B.C. In one of the well-known paradoxes, Achilles, who is a fast runner, chases a tortoise who is initially at a point P ahead of him and moving slowly forward. Zeno argued that, by the time Achilles arrives at point P, the tortoise will have moved forward to another point P 1. Although Achilles is now closer to the tortoise, he will not catch up on the second try again because by the time Achilles arrives at point P 1 , the tortoise will have moved to another point P 2 and so on. Therefore, Achilles will never catch up with and overtake the tortoise. But we know that a fast runner can overtake a slow runner in reality. This paradox has puzzled philosophers, mathematicians and scientists for millennia. This paper reveals the mystery of the universe behind Zeno"s paradoxes. There is no entity called an electron or an atom or a ball moving from one point to another point in space as we know it. It is profound that philosophers were able to probe the deep mystery of the universe by logic alone 2500 years ago!
Measuring the one-way speed of light is deemed impossible because it requires synchronizing dista... more Measuring the one-way speed of light is deemed impossible because it requires synchronizing distant clocks which in turn depends on the one-way speed of light. The constancy of the one-way speed of light in the Special Relativity theory is therefore an assumption that is not based on any direct experimental evidence. In this paper a new method to synchronize distant clocks and measure the one-way speed of light at the same time is explained. Traditionally, clock synchronization and one-way speed of light measurement are seen as two separate procedures. This paper reveals a novel yet simple way to turn a second order (time-of-flight) light speed experiment into a much more sensitive first-order experiment.
Light speed experiments involving moving detectors/observers have been some of the controversial ... more Light speed experiments involving moving detectors/observers have been some of the controversial topics in the Special Relativity Theory. The relativistic arguments are inconsistent and are usually ad hoc mixtures of relativistic and classical views. Researchers trying to use such experiments to disprove relativity haven't been particularly successful either because the arguments usually left room for (not always consistent) relativistic counter-arguments. In this paper, I present a decisive disproof of special relativity by applying the assumption of isotropy of the speed of light to a thought experiment. The result is in direct conflict with experience and well-known facts.
The principle of constancy and isotropy of the speed of light is applied to a thought experiment.... more The principle of constancy and isotropy of the speed of light is applied to a thought experiment. The result is in direct conflict with experience and well known facts.
The classical emission (ballistic) theory of light predicted that the speed of light reflected fr... more The classical emission (ballistic) theory of light predicted that the speed of light reflected from a moving mirror is c + 2v , where v is a component of the mirror velocity. In 1913, A. Michelson carried out an experiment to test this hypothesis and concluded that the speed of light reflected from a moving mirror is constant c independent of mirror velocity, to a high degree of precision. With the advent of Albert Einstein's special relativity theory, and with additional experimental counter evidences such as moving source experiments, the classical emission theory was finally abandoned. Many years later, in 1967, an experiment was being carried out to test Einstein's gravitational time dilation by bouncing radar pulses grazing the sun off the planet Venus. As disclosed by Bryan G Wallace, large 'anomalous' first order variations in the time delay data were found in the raw data, in complete disagreement with Einstein's light postulate, but conforming to the long forgotten classical emission /ballistic theory. In this paper, I present a new model of the speed of light reflected from a moving mirror that resolves these contradictions. Although the model can make correct predictions, its physical meaning is inexplicable. Light behaves as if it is reflected from the point where the mirror is at the instant of emission, and the speed of the reflected light is the sum of the speed of light c and twice a component of the mirror velocity, i.e. c + 2v. Logically, one would have to take into account the motion of the mirror during the transit time of light to determine the point in space where light is reflected. This paper shows that this logical and conventional thinking is possibly wrong in the case of light.
Take any positive integer N. If it is odd, multiply it by three and add one. If it is even, divid... more Take any positive integer N. If it is odd, multiply it by three and add one. If it is even, divide it by two. Repeatedly do the same operations to the results, forming a sequence. It is found that, whatever the initial starting number we choose, the sequence will eventually descend and reach number 1, where it enters an eternal closed loop of 1-4-2-1. This has been numerically confirmed to numbers up to 2 60. This is known as the Collatz conjecture. So far no proof has ever been found that this holds for every positive integer. This problem has been stated by some as perhaps the simplest math problem to state, yet perhaps the most difficult to solve. This paper completely solves this problem by using new insights.
This paper disproves the Riemann hypothesis by disproving the non-trivial zeros of the zeta funct... more This paper disproves the Riemann hypothesis by disproving the non-trivial zeros of the zeta function.
In this paper, the principle of relativity is disproved based on accepted experimental evidence a... more In this paper, the principle of relativity is disproved based on accepted experimental evidence and experience. We argue that the Michelson-Morley experiment is not a proof of relativity at all. In fact, in a complete surprise to the scientific community, the null result of the Michelson-Morley experiment has been an effective ‘hiding place’ for the special theory of relativity.
The special theory of relativity is based on two postulates: the principle of relativity and the ... more The special theory of relativity is based on two postulates: the principle of relativity and the independence of the speed of light from the velocity of the source. In this paper, it will be shown that the light speed postulate, which has been proved experimentally, disproves the principle of relativity.
In this paper the mystery of local hidden variable theory of quantum mechanics that violates Bell... more In this paper the mystery of local hidden variable theory of quantum mechanics that violates Bell's inequality is proposed. These 'hidden variables' are fundamentally inaccessible to physical experiments. It is not something physicists ever dreamed of.
This paper reveals a hint to the deepest mystery of the universe. Why are the laws of the univers... more This paper reveals a hint to the deepest mystery of the universe. Why are the laws of the universe the way they are ? For example, why are the mass and charge of the electron what they are? The laws of the universe are predetermined by the initial fine-tuning of the internal dynamics of every elementary particle in the universe.
The special theory of relativity (STR) is perhaps one of the most controversial theories in the h... more The special theory of relativity (STR) is perhaps one of the most controversial theories in the history of science. Countless arguments have been made against STR by researchers, prominent scientists and lay persons. This paper reveals for the first time that most of the confusions arise from incomplete development of the theory, rather than from possible fundamental contradictions. This has caused STR not being not fully understood even by professional physicists, who have been applying it inconsistently. For example, the GPS is being cited wrongly to support STR. Proponents and opponents of relativity theory have been arguing over an incomplete theory for more than a century. In this paper we introduce a new concept called 'proper space time coordinates of events' that will complete the STR, clearing the contradictions and paradoxes. It is shown that the existing concepts of proper length and proper time are incomplete. The new formulation not only results in a complete version of STR that is mathematically and logically consistent, but also, ironically, leads to its ultimate disproof. It turns many of the light speed experiments, such as the GPS and the Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR,), against STR. These add to the already existing experimental evidences contradicting with relativity theory, such as the Silvertooth, the Marinov and the Roland De Witte experiments.
We already know the unconventional and inexplicable behavior of light/photons (and other quantum ... more We already know the unconventional and inexplicable behavior of light/photons (and other quantum particles such as electrons) in the Which-Way quantum experiment and entanglement phenomena. In this paper we propose another quantum experiment using a Michelson interferometer. We start with an 'elementary' thought experiment. Suppose that a Michelson interferometer is set up so that the two light beams undergo complete constructive interference, with a single bright spot. Then the distance of one of the mirrors is slightly adjusted for a complete destructive interference: the bright spot disappears. The puzzle is: where does the light go? We suspect that, just like nature does not allow us to know which slit a photon has passed through in the doubleslit experiment, nature may not allow us to know 'where the light goes' in the case of (complete) destructive interference. Although nature may not allow a direct measurement, we can understand by reasoning 'where the light goes' during complete destructive interference. This paper reveals the mystery. A simple quantum experiment based on the Michelson interferometer is proposed.
The experimental evidences cited to support the Special Relativity Theory (SRT) , including Einst... more The experimental evidences cited to support the Special Relativity Theory (SRT) , including Einstein's thought experiments, involve experimental setups in which the components (light sources, beam-splitters, mirrors, detectors, etc.) are all at rest relative to each other. An example is the Michelson-Morley experiment. In such experiments it is possible to define the 'rest frame' of the experiment in which proper lengths, proper times and hence the experimental outcome can be determined. Then Lorentz Transformation is applied to determine times and lengths in other inertial frames and to determine the same experimental result in other frames. What if no 'rest frame' can be defined for an experiment? Imagine a light speed experiment in space where all the components are in arbitrary relative motion. In such an experiment, it would be impossible to define the 'rest frame' of the experiment, and hence impossible to determine proper lengths, proper times and to determine the experimental outcome.
It is a basic requirement of special relativity theory (SRT) that all relatively moving inertial... more It is a basic requirement of special relativity theory (SRT) that all relatively moving inertial observers agree on an observable (interference fringe shift, for example). It is shown that SRT trivially leads to a disagreement on the observables ( interference fringe shift) in two relatively moving inertial reference frames. No such contradiction exists in Galilean relativity.
Many experiments have been performed over decades and centuries to investigate the problem of abs... more Many experiments have been performed over decades and centuries to investigate the problem of absolute motion and the speed of light, with reported results ranging from complete null results and very small fringe shifts to large first order effects. All existing classical and modern theories, including ether theory, emission theory, and special relativity theory, have failed to consistently explain all of these experiments. In this paper, a new model of motion and the speed of light is proposed that can consistently explain many of the known light speed experiments including the Michelson-Morley experiments, stellar aberration, moving source, moving observer and moving mirror experiments, the Lunar Laser Ranging experiment, the Bryan G Wallace Venus radar range data anomaly, the GPS, the Ives-Stilwell experiments, the Marinov, the Silvertooth , the Roland De Witte experiments, and the Sagnac effect, with few anomalies. The new model is proposed as follows. 1. Light always behaves as if it is emitted from the point where the source is relative to the observer/ detector at the instant of emission. 2. The speed of light in vacuum is always constant c relative to the observer/detector. 3. The effect of absolute motion of the observer/ detector is to create an apparent change in time of emission. 4.Light behaves as if it is reflected from the point in space where the mirror is/was at the moment of emission, with the speed of the reflected light equal to c ± 2v , where v is a component of the mirror velocity relative to the observer, which is perpendicular to the plane of the mirror. The new theory not only can explain why the Michelson-Morley experiments give null results, but also why the Marinov and the Silvertooth experiments give large first order effects. It also reconciles the Michelson-Morley experiment and the Sagnac effect. This paper also solves one of the profound puzzles in physics: the speed of electrostatic and gravitational fields. Is the speed of gravity finite or infinite? The answer is that the speed of gravity has dual nature: finite and infinite. Suppose that the Sun disappeared at t = 0. Would Sun"s gravity on Earth disappear instantaneously or with the delay of the speed of light? At t =-8.3 minutes, the Sun "anticipates" its own disappearance after 8.3 minutes and sends a zero gravitational field towards the Earth, which travels at the speed of light and reaches the Earth at t = 0, coinciding exactly with the instance of disappearance of the Sun!
Many researchers and physicists, including renowned scientists, have long questioned the foundati... more Many researchers and physicists, including renowned scientists, have long questioned the foundations of relativity theory, which are the two postulates: the principle of relativity and the constancy of the speed of light, and their consequences. However, what exactly is wrong with relativity theory has eluded researchers for more than a century. This paper reveals the mystery of why the Michelson-Morley experiments always give null fringe shifts, contrary to other experimental evidences of absolute motion, such as the Silvertooth experiment and the Marinov experiment. A new theory/model of the speed of light is formulated as follows. The effect of absolute motion of the Michelson-Morley device is just to cause an apparent change in the time of emission of light from the source. Thus, both the longitudinal and transverse light beams are delayed or advanced equally, by the same amount, in which case no fringe shift will occur. The center of the light wave fronts is always the same point relative to the observer/detector between the moments of light emission and light detection. The center of the light wave fronts is fixed at the point where the source was relative to the detector at the moment of emission and is always fixed in the reference frame of the detector (relative to the detector) and is therefore always co-moving with the observer/detector. The speed of light is constant c relative to the center of the light wave fronts, and therefore it is always constant relative to the observer. The mystery behind the Michelson-Morley experiment is that it is impossible to detect absolute motion from the interference pattern formed by light beams originating from a single source! Therefore, the key to detect absolute motion by using the Michelson-Morley kind experiments would be by interference of light beams from two independent sources. Such hypothetical experiment would give thousands of fringe shifts. However, such experiment is not possible with current technology, because the coherence time/length of light is very short, and because it is nearly impossible to tune the frequencies of two independent laser sources to be equal to within, say, 0.1 to 1 Hz to get any fringe patterns stable enough to see if a fringe shift occurs with change in orientation of the modified MM device in space.
Zeno"s paradoxes of motion are four related paradoxes created by an ancient Greek philosopher in ... more Zeno"s paradoxes of motion are four related paradoxes created by an ancient Greek philosopher in 500 B.C. In one of the well-known paradoxes, Achilles, who is a fast runner, chases a tortoise who is initially at a point P ahead of him and moving slowly forward. Zeno argued that, by the time Achilles arrives at point P, the tortoise will have moved forward to another point P 1. Although Achilles is now closer to the tortoise, he will not catch up on the second try again because by the time Achilles arrives at point P 1 , the tortoise will have moved to another point P 2 and so on. Therefore, Achilles will never catch up with and overtake the tortoise. But we know that a fast runner can overtake a slow runner in reality. This paradox has puzzled philosophers, mathematicians and scientists for millennia. This paper reveals the mystery of the universe behind Zeno"s paradoxes. There is no entity called an electron or an atom or a ball moving from one point to another point in space as we know it. It is profound that philosophers were able to probe the deep mystery of the universe by logic alone 2500 years ago!
Measuring the one-way speed of light is deemed impossible because it requires synchronizing dista... more Measuring the one-way speed of light is deemed impossible because it requires synchronizing distant clocks which in turn depends on the one-way speed of light. The constancy of the one-way speed of light in the Special Relativity theory is therefore an assumption that is not based on any direct experimental evidence. In this paper a new method to synchronize distant clocks and measure the one-way speed of light at the same time is explained. Traditionally, clock synchronization and one-way speed of light measurement are seen as two separate procedures. This paper reveals a novel yet simple way to turn a second order (time-of-flight) light speed experiment into a much more sensitive first-order experiment.
Light speed experiments involving moving detectors/observers have been some of the controversial ... more Light speed experiments involving moving detectors/observers have been some of the controversial topics in the Special Relativity Theory. The relativistic arguments are inconsistent and are usually ad hoc mixtures of relativistic and classical views. Researchers trying to use such experiments to disprove relativity haven't been particularly successful either because the arguments usually left room for (not always consistent) relativistic counter-arguments. In this paper, I present a decisive disproof of special relativity by applying the assumption of isotropy of the speed of light to a thought experiment. The result is in direct conflict with experience and well-known facts.
The principle of constancy and isotropy of the speed of light is applied to a thought experiment.... more The principle of constancy and isotropy of the speed of light is applied to a thought experiment. The result is in direct conflict with experience and well known facts.
The classical emission (ballistic) theory of light predicted that the speed of light reflected fr... more The classical emission (ballistic) theory of light predicted that the speed of light reflected from a moving mirror is c + 2v , where v is a component of the mirror velocity. In 1913, A. Michelson carried out an experiment to test this hypothesis and concluded that the speed of light reflected from a moving mirror is constant c independent of mirror velocity, to a high degree of precision. With the advent of Albert Einstein's special relativity theory, and with additional experimental counter evidences such as moving source experiments, the classical emission theory was finally abandoned. Many years later, in 1967, an experiment was being carried out to test Einstein's gravitational time dilation by bouncing radar pulses grazing the sun off the planet Venus. As disclosed by Bryan G Wallace, large 'anomalous' first order variations in the time delay data were found in the raw data, in complete disagreement with Einstein's light postulate, but conforming to the long forgotten classical emission /ballistic theory. In this paper, I present a new model of the speed of light reflected from a moving mirror that resolves these contradictions. Although the model can make correct predictions, its physical meaning is inexplicable. Light behaves as if it is reflected from the point where the mirror is at the instant of emission, and the speed of the reflected light is the sum of the speed of light c and twice a component of the mirror velocity, i.e. c + 2v. Logically, one would have to take into account the motion of the mirror during the transit time of light to determine the point in space where light is reflected. This paper shows that this logical and conventional thinking is possibly wrong in the case of light.
Take any positive integer N. If it is odd, multiply it by three and add one. If it is even, divid... more Take any positive integer N. If it is odd, multiply it by three and add one. If it is even, divide it by two. Repeatedly do the same operations to the results, forming a sequence. It is found that, whatever the initial starting number we choose, the sequence will eventually descend and reach number 1, where it enters an eternal closed loop of 1-4-2-1. This has been numerically confirmed to numbers up to 2 60. This is known as the Collatz conjecture. So far no proof has ever been found that this holds for every positive integer. This problem has been stated by some as perhaps the simplest math problem to state, yet perhaps the most difficult to solve. This paper completely solves this problem by using new insights.
This paper disproves the Riemann hypothesis by disproving the non-trivial zeros of the zeta funct... more This paper disproves the Riemann hypothesis by disproving the non-trivial zeros of the zeta function.
In this paper, the principle of relativity is disproved based on accepted experimental evidence a... more In this paper, the principle of relativity is disproved based on accepted experimental evidence and experience. We argue that the Michelson-Morley experiment is not a proof of relativity at all. In fact, in a complete surprise to the scientific community, the null result of the Michelson-Morley experiment has been an effective ‘hiding place’ for the special theory of relativity.
The special theory of relativity is based on two postulates: the principle of relativity and the ... more The special theory of relativity is based on two postulates: the principle of relativity and the independence of the speed of light from the velocity of the source. In this paper, it will be shown that the light speed postulate, which has been proved experimentally, disproves the principle of relativity.
In this paper the mystery of local hidden variable theory of quantum mechanics that violates Bell... more In this paper the mystery of local hidden variable theory of quantum mechanics that violates Bell's inequality is proposed. These 'hidden variables' are fundamentally inaccessible to physical experiments. It is not something physicists ever dreamed of.
This paper reveals a hint to the deepest mystery of the universe. Why are the laws of the univers... more This paper reveals a hint to the deepest mystery of the universe. Why are the laws of the universe the way they are ? For example, why are the mass and charge of the electron what they are? The laws of the universe are predetermined by the initial fine-tuning of the internal dynamics of every elementary particle in the universe.
The special theory of relativity (STR) is perhaps one of the most controversial theories in the h... more The special theory of relativity (STR) is perhaps one of the most controversial theories in the history of science. Countless arguments have been made against STR by researchers, prominent scientists and lay persons. This paper reveals for the first time that most of the confusions arise from incomplete development of the theory, rather than from possible fundamental contradictions. This has caused STR not being not fully understood even by professional physicists, who have been applying it inconsistently. For example, the GPS is being cited wrongly to support STR. Proponents and opponents of relativity theory have been arguing over an incomplete theory for more than a century. In this paper we introduce a new concept called 'proper space time coordinates of events' that will complete the STR, clearing the contradictions and paradoxes. It is shown that the existing concepts of proper length and proper time are incomplete. The new formulation not only results in a complete version of STR that is mathematically and logically consistent, but also, ironically, leads to its ultimate disproof. It turns many of the light speed experiments, such as the GPS and the Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR,), against STR. These add to the already existing experimental evidences contradicting with relativity theory, such as the Silvertooth, the Marinov and the Roland De Witte experiments.
We already know the unconventional and inexplicable behavior of light/photons (and other quantum ... more We already know the unconventional and inexplicable behavior of light/photons (and other quantum particles such as electrons) in the Which-Way quantum experiment and entanglement phenomena. In this paper we propose another quantum experiment using a Michelson interferometer. We start with an 'elementary' thought experiment. Suppose that a Michelson interferometer is set up so that the two light beams undergo complete constructive interference, with a single bright spot. Then the distance of one of the mirrors is slightly adjusted for a complete destructive interference: the bright spot disappears. The puzzle is: where does the light go? We suspect that, just like nature does not allow us to know which slit a photon has passed through in the doubleslit experiment, nature may not allow us to know 'where the light goes' in the case of (complete) destructive interference. Although nature may not allow a direct measurement, we can understand by reasoning 'where the light goes' during complete destructive interference. This paper reveals the mystery. A simple quantum experiment based on the Michelson interferometer is proposed.
The experimental evidences cited to support the Special Relativity Theory (SRT) , including Einst... more The experimental evidences cited to support the Special Relativity Theory (SRT) , including Einstein's thought experiments, involve experimental setups in which the components (light sources, beam-splitters, mirrors, detectors, etc.) are all at rest relative to each other. An example is the Michelson-Morley experiment. In such experiments it is possible to define the 'rest frame' of the experiment in which proper lengths, proper times and hence the experimental outcome can be determined. Then Lorentz Transformation is applied to determine times and lengths in other inertial frames and to determine the same experimental result in other frames. What if no 'rest frame' can be defined for an experiment? Imagine a light speed experiment in space where all the components are in arbitrary relative motion. In such an experiment, it would be impossible to define the 'rest frame' of the experiment, and hence impossible to determine proper lengths, proper times and to determine the experimental outcome.
It is a basic requirement of special relativity theory (SRT) that all relatively moving inertial... more It is a basic requirement of special relativity theory (SRT) that all relatively moving inertial observers agree on an observable (interference fringe shift, for example). It is shown that SRT trivially leads to a disagreement on the observables ( interference fringe shift) in two relatively moving inertial reference frames. No such contradiction exists in Galilean relativity.
It is a basic requirement of special relativity theory (SRT) that all relatively moving inertial ... more It is a basic requirement of special relativity theory (SRT) that all relatively moving inertial observers agree on an observable (interference fringe shift, for example). It is shown that SRT trivially leads to a disagreement on the observables (interference fringe shift) in two relatively moving inertial reference frames.
One of the daunting problems in searching for a correct model of the speed of light is the contra... more One of the daunting problems in searching for a correct model of the speed of light is the contradiction between the Michelson-Morley experiment and the Sagnac effect. I have been working on a new theory called Apparent Source Theory (AST), which is based on three assumptions: 1. The effect of absolute motion of an inertial observer is to create an apparent change in the time of light emission. 2. The center of the light wave fronts moves with the same velocity as the absolute velocity of the inertial observer and the velocity of light depends on the mirror velocity relative to the observer 3. Two observers/detectors that happen to be at the same point in space at the same time instant and moving with equal velocities will observe identical physical phenomena (for example, fringe position). The third postulate is used to analyze light speed problems involving accelerating observers/detectors. AST has been successful in providing consistent explanations for many light speed experiments. However, the precise application of AST to the Sagnac effect has been a challenge for AST. In this paper, a new analysis of Sagnac effect based on AST is presented. One of the unexpected findings is that the light beam propagating in the same direction as the observer will take less time to reach the observer than the light beam propagating in the opposite direction. Unconventionally, the fringe shift in the Sagnac effect is not due to a difference in path lengths of the counter-propagating light beams, but due to difference in their velocities according to the ballistic hypothesis. Experimental testing of this claim is proposed.
The observed changes in rate of atomic clocks with velocity and gravitational fields are normally... more The observed changes in rate of atomic clocks with velocity and gravitational fields are normally cited as evidence of relativity of time. We show that these changes in clock rates cannot be cited as a disproof of absolute time. We establish the validity of absolute time and show a self-contradiction in relativity.
The problem of motion and the speed of light is a centuries old puzzle. It is claimed that Einste... more The problem of motion and the speed of light is a centuries old puzzle. It is claimed that Einstein's relativity theory has resolved it in 1905. But experimental evidences have accumulated that contradict the different aspects of relativity theory. The Marinov and the Silvertooth experiments have already disproved the very principle of relativity. Therefore, we need to go back hundreds of years back to the foundations to search for a solution. In this paper, I will propose a new theory called Apparent Source Theory (AST) to explain not only the 'null' result of the Michelson-Morley (MM) experiment, but also why the MM experiments gave small fringe shifts.
The Moving Magnet Conductor problem is the problem of 'coincidence' of the effect of magnetic fie... more The Moving Magnet Conductor problem is the problem of 'coincidence' of the effect of magnetic field in the reference frame of the magnet and the effect of electric field in the reference frame of the conductor, the effect being a definite current flowing in the conductor, for a magnet and a conductor in relative motion. In this paper, we will show that this problem will not lead to the theory of relativity, i.e. to the conclusion that absolute motion doesn't exist. This 'coincidence' occurs only in the special case in which at least one of the two (either the magnet or the conductor) is at absolute rest and hence is only a special case. In general, the magnet and the conductor can have a relative motion while having a common absolute motion. This is the case, for example, of a magnet-conductor experiment carried out on Earth, which has an absolute velocity of 390 Km/s. In such cases, the motion of the magnet and the motion of the conductor will have different effects even if the relative velocities are the same. We will apply Apparent Source Theory (AST) to this problem. In the case of light, the effect of absolute motion for co-moving light source and observer is to create an apparent change in position of the light source relative to the observer. Therefore, no fringe shift will occur in the Michelson-Morley experiment due to an apparent change of source position for the same reason that no (significant) fringe shift will occur if the position of the source was actually, physically changed relative to the detector. Intuitively, AST can be stated as: the speed of light is equal to c-V abs in the forward direction and c + V abs in the backward direction, relative to the source, for a source moving with absolute velocity V abs. This theory readily explains the Michelson-Morley experiment, the Sagnac effect and moving source experiments. AST applies not only to light sources, but also to all electromagnetic sources: sources of electric fields (charges) , sources of magnetic fields (magnets or electromagnets) and sources of gravitational fields. Therefore, for absolutely co-moving magnet and (infinitesimal) conductor, the effect of absolute velocity is to create an apparent change in position of the magnet as seen by the conductor. The procedure of analysis is to replace the real magnet with an apparent magnet and analyze the problem as if both the apparent magnet and the conductor are at rest. There will not be any current induced in the conductor because the conductor is not moving relative to the magnet (hence relative to the apparent magnet). Since the conductor is at rest relative to the magnet, it is also at rest relative to the apparent magnet and hence no current will be induced in the conductor. There will be no induced current in this case for the same reason that there will be no induced current in the case of magnet and conductor both at absolute rest. An intuitive way of stating the same theory is to assume that the magnetic field is carried by the real magnet, but will be distorted due to absolute motion. Therefore, absolute motion of a magnet can be detected by a co-moving observer from the distortion of its field. The magnetic field of a magnet moving with absolute velocity will become weaker in front of the magnet and stronger behind the magnet. The electric field of a charge in absolute motion will become weaker in front of the charge and stronger behind the charge. 2
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Papers by Henok Tadesse