Although informal caregivers are the main caregiving workforce, there is an increasing reliance o... more Although informal caregivers are the main caregiving workforce, there is an increasing reliance on immigrant professional caregivers in developed and developing countries. Few studies have examined the impact of caregiving on leisure for professional caregivers. Most professional family caregivers in Taiwan, working alone at the employers' home, are from Indonesia. The present study explored the work and leisure of Indonesian paid live-in family caregivers. A time budget approach was employed to collect data during May 2010. Forty female caregivers participated, resulting in 13,873 diary events divided into three categories: committed activities; obligatory activities; and discretionary time activities. The results revealed that the respondents: (1) worked extremely long hours, lacked leisure and felt lonely and tired; but (2) were nevertheless able to experience leisure during their work, obligatory and discretionary time. The line between work and leisure was blurred, and respondents' lives in Taiwan revealed a complex picture of leisure and caregiving. For the female professional caregivers in the present study, leisure must be understood within the context of caregiving and family obligations. Research implications are discussed, recommendations to policymakers and employers are offered and directions for future research are canvassed.
Page 1. 19 For. Snow Landsc. Res. 81, 1/2: 19–29 (2007) Segmentation of culturally diverse visito... more Page 1. 19 For. Snow Landsc. Res. 81, 1/2: 19–29 (2007) Segmentation of culturally diverse visitors' values in forest recreation management Chieh-Lu Li1, Harry C. Zinn2, Garry E. Chick2, James D. Absher3, Alan R. Graefe2 and Yi-Chung Hsu4 ...
The study examines the existence of context and question order effects on satisfaction in relatio... more The study examines the existence of context and question order effects on satisfaction in relation to crowding. It is hypothesized that with the introduction of crowding and encounter questions between two general satisfaction measures, the second measure will be significantly lower than the first measure. Samples were taken on 35 randomly chosen days, deriving 2402 usable questionnaires. The following results were obtained. The level of satisfaction as assessed using the second measure was significantly lower than that using the first measure. Some 60 % of respondents did not express different levels of satisfaction in the two measures, while 7 % expressed increased satisfaction on the second measure, and 33 % expressed decreased satisfaction. The education level of those whose answers regarding satisfaction remained unchanged was significantly higher than that of the subjects whose answers changed. Furthermore, a high degree of crowding may influence the second satisfaction measur...
2007 International Conference on Convergence Information Technology (ICCIT 2007), 2007
In this study, we test the property of nonstationary in regard to the inflation rate for 15 OECD ... more In this study, we test the property of nonstationary in regard to the inflation rate for 15 OECD countries using the newly-developed Panel SURADF tests of Breuer et al. (2001) for the period 1971-2004. While other Panel-based unit root tests are joint tests of a unit root for all members of the panel and are incapable of determining the mix
2007 International Conference on Convergence Information Technology (ICCIT 2007), 2007
In this study, we test the property of nonstationary in regard to the energy consumption for 18 O... more In this study, we test the property of nonstationary in regard to the energy consumption for 18 OECD countries using the newly-developed panel SURADF tests of Breuer et al. (2001) for the period 1960-2002. While other panel-based unit root tests are joint tests of a unit root for all members of the panel and are incapable of determining the mix
This paper empirically investigates the relationship among the tax evasion and local disposal inc... more This paper empirically investigates the relationship among the tax evasion and local disposal income, unemployment rate and demographic variables by using 20 municipalities in Taiwan with the official interior, latest, and wider range of panel data over the period from 1998 to 2011. The main findings support the positive impact of disposal income on tax evasion, while unemployment rate has a negative impact. Among the interest rate effect models, if policy-makers want to hinder the extension of tax evasion, they should reduce the interest rate. Furthermore, government not only applies fiscal policy but also applies monetary policy for improving tax evasion. In our regional effect model, we have found evidence on a positive impact of the demographic structure variables on tax evasion except social expenditure of local government. We have also found clear evidence on the positive impact in South and East areas on tax evasion in the regional effect model. Moreover, both interest rate a...
Page 1. 19 For. Snow Landsc. Res. 81, 1/2: 19–29 (2007) Segmentation of culturally diverse visito... more Page 1. 19 For. Snow Landsc. Res. 81, 1/2: 19–29 (2007) Segmentation of culturally diverse visitors' values in forest recreation management Chieh-Lu Li1, Harry C. Zinn2, Garry E. Chick2, James D. Absher3, Alan R. Graefe2 and Yi-Chung Hsu4 ...
This article was downloaded by: [Nat Forest Service Library] On: 13 August 2009 Access details: A... more This article was downloaded by: [Nat Forest Service Library] On: 13 August 2009 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 789016077] Publisher Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, ...
The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance Issues and Practice, 2010
This paper explores whether the stationarity hypothesis of non-life insurance consumptions is sup... more This paper explores whether the stationarity hypothesis of non-life insurance consumptions is supported during the period 1979–2005 for 31 countries. The stationarity of insurance consumption has important implications for modelling and forecasting insurance activities. On a global scale, this paper first implements the recent panel seemingly unrelated regressions augmented Dickey–Fuller unit root test, which allows us to account for possible
Although informal caregivers are the main caregiving workforce, there is an increasing reliance o... more Although informal caregivers are the main caregiving workforce, there is an increasing reliance on immigrant professional caregivers in developed and developing countries. Few studies have examined the impact of caregiving on leisure for professional caregivers. Most professional family caregivers in Taiwan, working alone at the employers' home, are from Indonesia. The present study explored the work and leisure of Indonesian paid live-in family caregivers. A time budget approach was employed to collect data during May 2010. Forty female caregivers participated, resulting in 13,873 diary events divided into three categories: committed activities; obligatory activities; and discretionary time activities. The results revealed that the respondents: (1) worked extremely long hours, lacked leisure and felt lonely and tired; but (2) were nevertheless able to experience leisure during their work, obligatory and discretionary time. The line between work and leisure was blurred, and respondents' lives in Taiwan revealed a complex picture of leisure and caregiving. For the female professional caregivers in the present study, leisure must be understood within the context of caregiving and family obligations. Research implications are discussed, recommendations to policymakers and employers are offered and directions for future research are canvassed.
Page 1. 19 For. Snow Landsc. Res. 81, 1/2: 19–29 (2007) Segmentation of culturally diverse visito... more Page 1. 19 For. Snow Landsc. Res. 81, 1/2: 19–29 (2007) Segmentation of culturally diverse visitors' values in forest recreation management Chieh-Lu Li1, Harry C. Zinn2, Garry E. Chick2, James D. Absher3, Alan R. Graefe2 and Yi-Chung Hsu4 ...
The study examines the existence of context and question order effects on satisfaction in relatio... more The study examines the existence of context and question order effects on satisfaction in relation to crowding. It is hypothesized that with the introduction of crowding and encounter questions between two general satisfaction measures, the second measure will be significantly lower than the first measure. Samples were taken on 35 randomly chosen days, deriving 2402 usable questionnaires. The following results were obtained. The level of satisfaction as assessed using the second measure was significantly lower than that using the first measure. Some 60 % of respondents did not express different levels of satisfaction in the two measures, while 7 % expressed increased satisfaction on the second measure, and 33 % expressed decreased satisfaction. The education level of those whose answers regarding satisfaction remained unchanged was significantly higher than that of the subjects whose answers changed. Furthermore, a high degree of crowding may influence the second satisfaction measur...
2007 International Conference on Convergence Information Technology (ICCIT 2007), 2007
In this study, we test the property of nonstationary in regard to the inflation rate for 15 OECD ... more In this study, we test the property of nonstationary in regard to the inflation rate for 15 OECD countries using the newly-developed Panel SURADF tests of Breuer et al. (2001) for the period 1971-2004. While other Panel-based unit root tests are joint tests of a unit root for all members of the panel and are incapable of determining the mix
2007 International Conference on Convergence Information Technology (ICCIT 2007), 2007
In this study, we test the property of nonstationary in regard to the energy consumption for 18 O... more In this study, we test the property of nonstationary in regard to the energy consumption for 18 OECD countries using the newly-developed panel SURADF tests of Breuer et al. (2001) for the period 1960-2002. While other panel-based unit root tests are joint tests of a unit root for all members of the panel and are incapable of determining the mix
This paper empirically investigates the relationship among the tax evasion and local disposal inc... more This paper empirically investigates the relationship among the tax evasion and local disposal income, unemployment rate and demographic variables by using 20 municipalities in Taiwan with the official interior, latest, and wider range of panel data over the period from 1998 to 2011. The main findings support the positive impact of disposal income on tax evasion, while unemployment rate has a negative impact. Among the interest rate effect models, if policy-makers want to hinder the extension of tax evasion, they should reduce the interest rate. Furthermore, government not only applies fiscal policy but also applies monetary policy for improving tax evasion. In our regional effect model, we have found evidence on a positive impact of the demographic structure variables on tax evasion except social expenditure of local government. We have also found clear evidence on the positive impact in South and East areas on tax evasion in the regional effect model. Moreover, both interest rate a...
Page 1. 19 For. Snow Landsc. Res. 81, 1/2: 19–29 (2007) Segmentation of culturally diverse visito... more Page 1. 19 For. Snow Landsc. Res. 81, 1/2: 19–29 (2007) Segmentation of culturally diverse visitors' values in forest recreation management Chieh-Lu Li1, Harry C. Zinn2, Garry E. Chick2, James D. Absher3, Alan R. Graefe2 and Yi-Chung Hsu4 ...
This article was downloaded by: [Nat Forest Service Library] On: 13 August 2009 Access details: A... more This article was downloaded by: [Nat Forest Service Library] On: 13 August 2009 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 789016077] Publisher Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, ...
The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance Issues and Practice, 2010
This paper explores whether the stationarity hypothesis of non-life insurance consumptions is sup... more This paper explores whether the stationarity hypothesis of non-life insurance consumptions is supported during the period 1979–2005 for 31 countries. The stationarity of insurance consumption has important implications for modelling and forecasting insurance activities. On a global scale, this paper first implements the recent panel seemingly unrelated regressions augmented Dickey–Fuller unit root test, which allows us to account for possible
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