Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding
The main trend in crop breeding is to increase productivity and improve grain quality indicators.... more The main trend in crop breeding is to increase productivity and improve grain quality indicators. The formation of high crop productivity requires cultivars with high potential for productivity and quality as well as with resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors. Successful solution of these and emerging breeding problems is possible only if appropriate source material is employed.Source material from the Vavilov Institute’s collection of plant genetic resources was used in crosses aimed at the development of oat cultivars. Its brief description is presented here.The results of the breeding work on oat cultivars at the Nemchinovka Federal Research Center from 2007 through 2017 are discussed. Descriptions are given to all ten developed oat cultivars with a detailed pedigree for each combination of crosses. Pedigree analysis has been performed, and its results show a limited number of parental forms for crosses. The problem of source material utilization in breeding prac...
The greenbug (Sсhizaphis graminum) is a dangerous pest of cereals in Southern Russia. Breeding of... more The greenbug (Sсhizaphis graminum) is a dangerous pest of cereals in Southern Russia. Breeding of resistant varieties is an effective and eco-friendly way to control this insect. Its differential interaction with host plants substantiates the search for new resistance donors. We evaluated 276 accessions of oat landraces from Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkmenistan) to the Krasnodar population and respective isolated clones of the aphid. We identified two pest resistant accessions from Kazakhstan (k-6945 and k-8691) and found 133 accessions from Kazakhstan being heterogeneous including 77 forms with high and moderate resistance and 56 – with only moderate resistance. All accessions from Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan were susceptible to Sсh. graminum. Accession k-9993 from Kyrgyzstan was heterogeneous in terms of resistance. A wide variation in the damage degree of the most oat forms was mostly due to the virulence heterogeneity of the aphid populat...
The results of the study of collection oat samples of various ecological and geographical origin ... more The results of the study of collection oat samples of various ecological and geographical origin are presented. The experiments were carried out in Novosibirsk region in 1994-2018. The sources that combine the optimal density of the productive plant stand and the mass of grain from the panicle were identified according to the ripeness groups. There were 413 collection samples of spring oats studied from 42 countries of the world for 25 years. Collection varieties were evaluated in nurseries of the 2nd-3d year of study. To identify the best samples, a scoring evaluation system of the traits under consideration, i.e. the density of the productive plant stand and the mass of grain from the panicle, was used. Comparison of genotypes for these traits was carried out within a group of varieties with an equal score for the duration of the seedlings -wax ripeness period. The standard varieties Krasnoobsky and Rovesnik were studied for all 25 years, therefore, all years were divided into thr...
Problems of crosses between various oat species are considered with regard to establishing their ... more Problems of crosses between various oat species are considered with regard to establishing their taxonomic positions and genomic compositions of individual species. The evolution of the genus and approaches to the search for the diploid and tetraploid ancestor of the hexaploid species are considered. Use of wild oat species in breeding is demonstrated. The results of studies of the gene pool of wild oat species are presented. These studies were performed at the Vavilov All-Russian Plant Breeding Institute with the purpose of solving problems of phylogeny and practical breeding.
Исследованы некрахмальные полисахариды (β-глюканы и арабиноксиланы) зерна 15 перспективных и двух... more Исследованы некрахмальные полисахариды (β-глюканы и арабиноксиланы) зерна 15 перспективных и двух районированных сортов голозёрного овса, а также одного широко распространённого районированного плёнчатого сорта. Установлена положительная корреляция и соотношение между β-глюканами и арабиноксиланами овса, выделены сорта с высоким содержанием этих компонентов. В проламиновой фракции белков выявлено 11 типов спектров, различающихся по составу компонентов во фракциях α- и β-авенинов. А-авенины, наиболее токсичные при целиакии, у большинства голозерных сортов состоят из небольшого числа слабых компонентов, и представляется перспективным исследовать токсичность этих сортов в реакции с сыворотками больных целиакией. Выполненные исследования представляют непосредственный интерес с точки зрения пищевой инженерии продуктов функционального и специализированного назначения.
The common oat (Avena sativa L.) is an excellent source of nutritional compounds. The objectives ... more The common oat (Avena sativa L.) is an excellent source of nutritional compounds. The objectives of this study were: (1) to identify oat accessions cultivated in Russia with high nutritive values of grain components, including iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), protein, oil and fatty acids, and (2) to determine how the measured components are interrelated. Fifty oat accessions from the Russian germplasm collection held at the Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources were characterized. Considerable genetic variation appeared to exist in almost all nutritional contents among genotypes grown in the same environment. Genotypic variations for seed Fe and Zn were moderate (1.9–2.7-fold), while those for Mn were relatively high (10.5-fold). A 1.8-fold variation between the lowest (10.9%) and highest (19.3%) protein content in the oat grain was found. High variation in oil content (2.7–8.1%) was found among the 50 cultivated oat accessions. Major fatty acids in oat oil were linoleic (C18:2) and oleic (C18:1) acids with higher C18:2 than C18:1 in all accessions. Oil, oleic acid, protein and Zn content show a positive correlation. The identified oat cultivars with high nutritive values would be promising for breeding programs and for providing important nutrient sources for human consumption.
Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding
The main trend in crop breeding is to increase productivity and improve grain quality indicators.... more The main trend in crop breeding is to increase productivity and improve grain quality indicators. The formation of high crop productivity requires cultivars with high potential for productivity and quality as well as with resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors. Successful solution of these and emerging breeding problems is possible only if appropriate source material is employed.Source material from the Vavilov Institute’s collection of plant genetic resources was used in crosses aimed at the development of oat cultivars. Its brief description is presented here.The results of the breeding work on oat cultivars at the Nemchinovka Federal Research Center from 2007 through 2017 are discussed. Descriptions are given to all ten developed oat cultivars with a detailed pedigree for each combination of crosses. Pedigree analysis has been performed, and its results show a limited number of parental forms for crosses. The problem of source material utilization in breeding prac...
The greenbug (Sсhizaphis graminum) is a dangerous pest of cereals in Southern Russia. Breeding of... more The greenbug (Sсhizaphis graminum) is a dangerous pest of cereals in Southern Russia. Breeding of resistant varieties is an effective and eco-friendly way to control this insect. Its differential interaction with host plants substantiates the search for new resistance donors. We evaluated 276 accessions of oat landraces from Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkmenistan) to the Krasnodar population and respective isolated clones of the aphid. We identified two pest resistant accessions from Kazakhstan (k-6945 and k-8691) and found 133 accessions from Kazakhstan being heterogeneous including 77 forms with high and moderate resistance and 56 – with only moderate resistance. All accessions from Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan were susceptible to Sсh. graminum. Accession k-9993 from Kyrgyzstan was heterogeneous in terms of resistance. A wide variation in the damage degree of the most oat forms was mostly due to the virulence heterogeneity of the aphid populat...
The results of the study of collection oat samples of various ecological and geographical origin ... more The results of the study of collection oat samples of various ecological and geographical origin are presented. The experiments were carried out in Novosibirsk region in 1994-2018. The sources that combine the optimal density of the productive plant stand and the mass of grain from the panicle were identified according to the ripeness groups. There were 413 collection samples of spring oats studied from 42 countries of the world for 25 years. Collection varieties were evaluated in nurseries of the 2nd-3d year of study. To identify the best samples, a scoring evaluation system of the traits under consideration, i.e. the density of the productive plant stand and the mass of grain from the panicle, was used. Comparison of genotypes for these traits was carried out within a group of varieties with an equal score for the duration of the seedlings -wax ripeness period. The standard varieties Krasnoobsky and Rovesnik were studied for all 25 years, therefore, all years were divided into thr...
Problems of crosses between various oat species are considered with regard to establishing their ... more Problems of crosses between various oat species are considered with regard to establishing their taxonomic positions and genomic compositions of individual species. The evolution of the genus and approaches to the search for the diploid and tetraploid ancestor of the hexaploid species are considered. Use of wild oat species in breeding is demonstrated. The results of studies of the gene pool of wild oat species are presented. These studies were performed at the Vavilov All-Russian Plant Breeding Institute with the purpose of solving problems of phylogeny and practical breeding.
Исследованы некрахмальные полисахариды (β-глюканы и арабиноксиланы) зерна 15 перспективных и двух... more Исследованы некрахмальные полисахариды (β-глюканы и арабиноксиланы) зерна 15 перспективных и двух районированных сортов голозёрного овса, а также одного широко распространённого районированного плёнчатого сорта. Установлена положительная корреляция и соотношение между β-глюканами и арабиноксиланами овса, выделены сорта с высоким содержанием этих компонентов. В проламиновой фракции белков выявлено 11 типов спектров, различающихся по составу компонентов во фракциях α- и β-авенинов. А-авенины, наиболее токсичные при целиакии, у большинства голозерных сортов состоят из небольшого числа слабых компонентов, и представляется перспективным исследовать токсичность этих сортов в реакции с сыворотками больных целиакией. Выполненные исследования представляют непосредственный интерес с точки зрения пищевой инженерии продуктов функционального и специализированного назначения.
The common oat (Avena sativa L.) is an excellent source of nutritional compounds. The objectives ... more The common oat (Avena sativa L.) is an excellent source of nutritional compounds. The objectives of this study were: (1) to identify oat accessions cultivated in Russia with high nutritive values of grain components, including iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), protein, oil and fatty acids, and (2) to determine how the measured components are interrelated. Fifty oat accessions from the Russian germplasm collection held at the Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources were characterized. Considerable genetic variation appeared to exist in almost all nutritional contents among genotypes grown in the same environment. Genotypic variations for seed Fe and Zn were moderate (1.9–2.7-fold), while those for Mn were relatively high (10.5-fold). A 1.8-fold variation between the lowest (10.9%) and highest (19.3%) protein content in the oat grain was found. High variation in oil content (2.7–8.1%) was found among the 50 cultivated oat accessions. Major fatty acids in oat oil were linoleic (C18:2) and oleic (C18:1) acids with higher C18:2 than C18:1 in all accessions. Oil, oleic acid, protein and Zn content show a positive correlation. The identified oat cultivars with high nutritive values would be promising for breeding programs and for providing important nutrient sources for human consumption.
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