Abstract. We study the propagation of nucleons and nuclei in tissue-like media within a Monte Car... more Abstract. We study the propagation of nucleons and nuclei in tissue-like media within a Monte Carlo Model for Heavy-ion Therapy (MCHIT) based on the GEANT4 toolkit (version 8.2). The model takes into account fragmentation of projectile nuclei and secondary interactions of produced nuclear fragments. Model predictions are validated with available experimental data obtained for water and PMMA phantoms irradiated by monoenergetic carbon-ion beams.
We study the propagation of nucleons and nuclei in tissue-like media within a Monte Carlo Model f... more We study the propagation of nucleons and nuclei in tissue-like media within a Monte Carlo Model for Heavy-ion Therapy (MCHIT) based on the GEANT4 toolkit (version 8.2). The model takes into account fragmentation of projectile nuclei and secondary interactions of produced nuclear fragments. Model predictions are validated with available experimental data obtained for water and PMMA phantoms irradiated by monoenergetic carbon-ion beams. The MCHIT model describes well (1) the depth-dose distributions in water and PMMA, (2) the doses measured for fragments of certain charge, (3) the distributions of positron emitting nuclear fragments produced by carbon-ion beams, and (4) the energy spectra of secondary neutrons measured at different angles to the beam direction. Radial dose profiles for primary nuclei and for different projectile fragments are calculated and discussed as possible input for evaluation of biological dose distributions. It is shown that at the periphery of the transverse ...
We study the energy deposition by light and heavy nuclei in tissue-like media as used for cancer ... more We study the energy deposition by light and heavy nuclei in tissue-like media as used for cancer therapy. The depth-dose distributions for protons, ^3He, ^12C, ^20Ne, and ^58Ni nuclei are calculated within a Monte Carlo model based on the GEANT4 toolkit. These distributions are compared with each other and with available experimental data. It is demonstrated that nuclear fragmentation reactions essentially reduce the peak-to-plateau ratio of the dose profiles for deeply penetrating energetic ions heavier than ^3He. On the other hand, all projectiles up to ^20Ne were found equally suitable for therapeutic use at low penetration depths.
Neutron production and transport in spallation targets made of uranium and americium are studied ... more Neutron production and transport in spallation targets made of uranium and americium are studied with a Geant4-based code MCADS (Monte Carlo model for Accelerator Driven Systems). A good agreement of MCADS results with experimental data on neutron- and proton-induced reactions on ^241Am and ^243Am nuclei allows to use this model for simulations with extended Am targets. It was demonstrated that MCADS model can be used for calculating the values of critical mass for ^233,235U, ^237Np, ^239Pu and ^241Am. Several geometry options and material compositions (U, U+Am, Am, Am_2O_3) are considered for spallation targets to be used in Accelerator Driven Systems. All considered options operate as deep subcritical targets having neutron multiplication factor of k ∼ 0.5. It is found that more than 4 kg of Am can be burned in one spallation target during the first year of operation.
We study the spatial distributions of β^+-activity produced by therapeutic beams of ^3He and ^12C... more We study the spatial distributions of β^+-activity produced by therapeutic beams of ^3He and ^12C ions in various tissue-like materials. The calculations were performed within a Monte Carlo model for Heavy-Ion Therapy (MCHIT) based on the GEANT4 toolkit. The contributions from ^10,11C, ^13N, ^14,15O, ^17,18F and ^30P positron-emitting nuclei were calculated and compared with experimental data obtained during and after irradiation. Positron emitting nuclei are created by ^12C beam in fragmentation reactions of projectile and target nuclei. This leads to a β^+-activity profile characterised by a noticeable peak located close to the Bragg peak in the corresponding depth-dose distribution. On the contrary, as the most of positron-emitting nuclei are produced by ^3He beam in target fragmentation reactions, the calculated total β^+-activity during or soon after the irradiation period is evenly distributed within the projectile range. However, we predict also the presence of ^13N, ^14O, ^1...
Depth distributions of positron-emitting nuclei in PMMA phantoms are calculated within a Monte Ca... more Depth distributions of positron-emitting nuclei in PMMA phantoms are calculated within a Monte Carlo model for Heavy-Ion Therapy (MCHIT) based on the GEANT4 toolkit (version 8.0). The calculated total production rates of ^11C, ^10C and ^15O nuclei are compared with experimental data and with corresponding results of the FLUKA and POSGEN codes. The distributions of e^+ annihilation points are obtained by simulating radioactive decay of unstable nuclei and transporting positrons in surrounding medium. A finite spatial resolution of the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is taken into account in a simplified way. Depth distributions of β^+-activity as seen by a PET scanner are calculated and compared to available data for PMMA phantoms. The calculated β^+-activity profiles are in good agreement with PET data for proton and ^12C beams at energies suitable for particle therapy. The MCHIT capability to predict the β^+-activity and dose distributions in tissue-like materials of different c...
We study the spatial distributions of β-activity produced by therapeutic beams of He and C ions i... more We study the spatial distributions of β-activity produced by therapeutic beams of He and C ions in various tissue-like materials. The calculations were performed within a Monte Carlo model for Heavy-Ion Therapy (MCHIT) based on the GEANT4 toolkit. The contributions from positronemitting nuclei with T1/2 > 10 s, namely 10,11C, N, 14,15O, 17,18F and P, were calculated and compared with experimental data obtained during and after irradiation, where available. Positron emitting nuclei are created by C beam in fragmentation reactions of projectile and target nuclei. This leads to a β-activity profile characterised by a noticeable peak located close to the Bragg peak in the corresponding depth-dose distribution. This can be used for dose monitoring in carbon-ion therapy of cancer. On the contrary, as the most of positron-emitting nuclei are produced by He beam in target fragmentation reactions, the calculated total β-activity during or soon after the irradiation period is evenly distri...
... ANISIMOV Viatcheslav V. (1) ; CAVALLERI Emanuela (2) ; KARMANOV Fedor I. (3) ; SLOBODTCHOUK V... more ... ANISIMOV Viatcheslav V. (1) ; CAVALLERI Emanuela (2) ; KARMANOV Fedor I. (3) ; SLOBODTCHOUK Victor I. (3) ; LATYSHEVA Lioudmila N. (4 ... (1) Institute of Physics and Power Engineering, Obninsk, RUSSIE, FEDERATION DE (2) Ansaldo Nucleare, Genova, ITALIE (3 ...
The LHC collimation system is designed to cope with requirements of proton beams having 100 times... more The LHC collimation system is designed to cope with requirements of proton beams having 100 times higher beam power than the nominal LHC heavy ion beam. In spite of this, specific problems occur for ion collimation, due to different particle-collimator interaction mechanism for ions and protons. Ions are subject to hadronic fragmentation and electromagnetic dissociation, resulting in a non-negligible flux
Beams of $^{4}$He and $^{16}$O nuclei are considered for ion-beam cancer therapy as alternative o... more Beams of $^{4}$He and $^{16}$O nuclei are considered for ion-beam cancer therapy as alternative options to protons and $^{12}$C nuclei. Spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) distributions of physical dose and relative biological effectiveness for 10% survival are calculated by means of our Geant4-based Monte Carlo model for Heavy Ion Therapy (MCHIT) and the modified microdosimetric kinetic model. The depth distributions of cell survival fractions are calculated for $^{1}$H, $^{4}$He, $^{12}$C and $^{16}$O for tissues with normal (HSG cells), low and high radiosensitivity. In each case the cell survival fractions were compared separately for the target volume, behind and in front of it. In the case of normal radiosensitivity $^{4}$He and $^{12}$C better spare tissues in the entrance channel compared to protons and $^{16}$O. The cell survival fractions calculated, respectively, for the entrance channel and target volume are similar for $^{4}$He and $^{12}$C. When it is important to spare healt...
Abstract. We study the propagation of nucleons and nuclei in tissue-like media within a Monte Car... more Abstract. We study the propagation of nucleons and nuclei in tissue-like media within a Monte Carlo Model for Heavy-ion Therapy (MCHIT) based on the GEANT4 toolkit (version 8.2). The model takes into account fragmentation of projectile nuclei and secondary interactions of produced nuclear fragments. Model predictions are validated with available experimental data obtained for water and PMMA phantoms irradiated by monoenergetic carbon-ion beams.
We study the propagation of nucleons and nuclei in tissue-like media within a Monte Carlo Model f... more We study the propagation of nucleons and nuclei in tissue-like media within a Monte Carlo Model for Heavy-ion Therapy (MCHIT) based on the GEANT4 toolkit (version 8.2). The model takes into account fragmentation of projectile nuclei and secondary interactions of produced nuclear fragments. Model predictions are validated with available experimental data obtained for water and PMMA phantoms irradiated by monoenergetic carbon-ion beams. The MCHIT model describes well (1) the depth-dose distributions in water and PMMA, (2) the doses measured for fragments of certain charge, (3) the distributions of positron emitting nuclear fragments produced by carbon-ion beams, and (4) the energy spectra of secondary neutrons measured at different angles to the beam direction. Radial dose profiles for primary nuclei and for different projectile fragments are calculated and discussed as possible input for evaluation of biological dose distributions. It is shown that at the periphery of the transverse ...
We study the energy deposition by light and heavy nuclei in tissue-like media as used for cancer ... more We study the energy deposition by light and heavy nuclei in tissue-like media as used for cancer therapy. The depth-dose distributions for protons, ^3He, ^12C, ^20Ne, and ^58Ni nuclei are calculated within a Monte Carlo model based on the GEANT4 toolkit. These distributions are compared with each other and with available experimental data. It is demonstrated that nuclear fragmentation reactions essentially reduce the peak-to-plateau ratio of the dose profiles for deeply penetrating energetic ions heavier than ^3He. On the other hand, all projectiles up to ^20Ne were found equally suitable for therapeutic use at low penetration depths.
Neutron production and transport in spallation targets made of uranium and americium are studied ... more Neutron production and transport in spallation targets made of uranium and americium are studied with a Geant4-based code MCADS (Monte Carlo model for Accelerator Driven Systems). A good agreement of MCADS results with experimental data on neutron- and proton-induced reactions on ^241Am and ^243Am nuclei allows to use this model for simulations with extended Am targets. It was demonstrated that MCADS model can be used for calculating the values of critical mass for ^233,235U, ^237Np, ^239Pu and ^241Am. Several geometry options and material compositions (U, U+Am, Am, Am_2O_3) are considered for spallation targets to be used in Accelerator Driven Systems. All considered options operate as deep subcritical targets having neutron multiplication factor of k ∼ 0.5. It is found that more than 4 kg of Am can be burned in one spallation target during the first year of operation.
We study the spatial distributions of β^+-activity produced by therapeutic beams of ^3He and ^12C... more We study the spatial distributions of β^+-activity produced by therapeutic beams of ^3He and ^12C ions in various tissue-like materials. The calculations were performed within a Monte Carlo model for Heavy-Ion Therapy (MCHIT) based on the GEANT4 toolkit. The contributions from ^10,11C, ^13N, ^14,15O, ^17,18F and ^30P positron-emitting nuclei were calculated and compared with experimental data obtained during and after irradiation. Positron emitting nuclei are created by ^12C beam in fragmentation reactions of projectile and target nuclei. This leads to a β^+-activity profile characterised by a noticeable peak located close to the Bragg peak in the corresponding depth-dose distribution. On the contrary, as the most of positron-emitting nuclei are produced by ^3He beam in target fragmentation reactions, the calculated total β^+-activity during or soon after the irradiation period is evenly distributed within the projectile range. However, we predict also the presence of ^13N, ^14O, ^1...
Depth distributions of positron-emitting nuclei in PMMA phantoms are calculated within a Monte Ca... more Depth distributions of positron-emitting nuclei in PMMA phantoms are calculated within a Monte Carlo model for Heavy-Ion Therapy (MCHIT) based on the GEANT4 toolkit (version 8.0). The calculated total production rates of ^11C, ^10C and ^15O nuclei are compared with experimental data and with corresponding results of the FLUKA and POSGEN codes. The distributions of e^+ annihilation points are obtained by simulating radioactive decay of unstable nuclei and transporting positrons in surrounding medium. A finite spatial resolution of the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is taken into account in a simplified way. Depth distributions of β^+-activity as seen by a PET scanner are calculated and compared to available data for PMMA phantoms. The calculated β^+-activity profiles are in good agreement with PET data for proton and ^12C beams at energies suitable for particle therapy. The MCHIT capability to predict the β^+-activity and dose distributions in tissue-like materials of different c...
We study the spatial distributions of β-activity produced by therapeutic beams of He and C ions i... more We study the spatial distributions of β-activity produced by therapeutic beams of He and C ions in various tissue-like materials. The calculations were performed within a Monte Carlo model for Heavy-Ion Therapy (MCHIT) based on the GEANT4 toolkit. The contributions from positronemitting nuclei with T1/2 > 10 s, namely 10,11C, N, 14,15O, 17,18F and P, were calculated and compared with experimental data obtained during and after irradiation, where available. Positron emitting nuclei are created by C beam in fragmentation reactions of projectile and target nuclei. This leads to a β-activity profile characterised by a noticeable peak located close to the Bragg peak in the corresponding depth-dose distribution. This can be used for dose monitoring in carbon-ion therapy of cancer. On the contrary, as the most of positron-emitting nuclei are produced by He beam in target fragmentation reactions, the calculated total β-activity during or soon after the irradiation period is evenly distri...
... ANISIMOV Viatcheslav V. (1) ; CAVALLERI Emanuela (2) ; KARMANOV Fedor I. (3) ; SLOBODTCHOUK V... more ... ANISIMOV Viatcheslav V. (1) ; CAVALLERI Emanuela (2) ; KARMANOV Fedor I. (3) ; SLOBODTCHOUK Victor I. (3) ; LATYSHEVA Lioudmila N. (4 ... (1) Institute of Physics and Power Engineering, Obninsk, RUSSIE, FEDERATION DE (2) Ansaldo Nucleare, Genova, ITALIE (3 ...
The LHC collimation system is designed to cope with requirements of proton beams having 100 times... more The LHC collimation system is designed to cope with requirements of proton beams having 100 times higher beam power than the nominal LHC heavy ion beam. In spite of this, specific problems occur for ion collimation, due to different particle-collimator interaction mechanism for ions and protons. Ions are subject to hadronic fragmentation and electromagnetic dissociation, resulting in a non-negligible flux
Beams of $^{4}$He and $^{16}$O nuclei are considered for ion-beam cancer therapy as alternative o... more Beams of $^{4}$He and $^{16}$O nuclei are considered for ion-beam cancer therapy as alternative options to protons and $^{12}$C nuclei. Spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) distributions of physical dose and relative biological effectiveness for 10% survival are calculated by means of our Geant4-based Monte Carlo model for Heavy Ion Therapy (MCHIT) and the modified microdosimetric kinetic model. The depth distributions of cell survival fractions are calculated for $^{1}$H, $^{4}$He, $^{12}$C and $^{16}$O for tissues with normal (HSG cells), low and high radiosensitivity. In each case the cell survival fractions were compared separately for the target volume, behind and in front of it. In the case of normal radiosensitivity $^{4}$He and $^{12}$C better spare tissues in the entrance channel compared to protons and $^{16}$O. The cell survival fractions calculated, respectively, for the entrance channel and target volume are similar for $^{4}$He and $^{12}$C. When it is important to spare healt...
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