Malaria is one of the most common infectious diseases and a great public health problem worldwide... more Malaria is one of the most common infectious diseases and a great public health problem worldwide. It is one of the world's deadliest diseases affecting people particularly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of malarial parasite among children attending General Hospital Kawo, Kaduna State. A total of 250 blood sample were collected from children at random for malarial parasite infection using Rapid diagnostic test and microscopy. The result showed a prevalence of 77.6% using method of microscopy and 56.0% RDT. It was found that those between ages of 8-10 had the highest prevalence of 44.1%. Based on gender, male had the highest prevalence of 56.6%.The high prevalence of malaria infection recorded in this study may be attributed to the fact that the favourable environmental conditions enhance mosquito breeding and survival. More effort, proper environmental sanitations, legal dumping of waste are needed in the control of malaria in and within the study area, the parents also need enlightenment in the importance of early malaria diagnosis and control. Result from this study also indicates that the blood smear microscopy seems to be better than Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) for malaria diagnosis.
Bioremediation Science and Technology Research, 2021
The study was carried out to assess the effect of Callosobruchus maculatus infestation on selecte... more The study was carried out to assess the effect of Callosobruchus maculatus infestation on selected Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean) landraces in Gombe during storage to determine the Landrace (s) that are less susceptible to infestation caused by C. maculatus during storage. The trial was done in the Botany laboratory of Gombe State University, Gombe. Seeds were collected from five different Landraces, 40 grams each of healthy and C. maculatus infestation free seeds were infested with two males and three females. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replicates was used to assess the effects of C. maculatus infestation on the selected landraces of Bambara groundnut during storage. The results of the analysis of variance displayed significant differences (p≤ 0.05) among the parameters studied. It indicated that the Mottled and Cream landraces are relatively less susceptible and witness lower damage from the bruchids attack 14.6 (36%) and 17 (46%), whereas Red and Black ...
Eggplant is an essential vegetable crop that is rich in health-related compounds, and the content... more Eggplant is an essential vegetable crop that is rich in health-related compounds, and the content of these compounds can be increased through grafting. It was reported that grafting with vigorous wild relatives’ rootstocks can improve eggplant’s fruit quality. The study was conducted to investigate the fruit yield, composition and physicochemical traits of Solanum melongena ME, CE, NE and TE scions grafted on wild relatives’ rootstocks of ST, SM and SI. The results show that a notable graft success (100%) was recorded in grafted (TE/ST) and self-grafted (TE/TE) plants using the cleft technique. Growth and yield traits indicated that CE and TE scions grafted onto ST, SM and SI showed better performance in all of the traits mentioned above in an open field across two years, except first flower formation which was displayed on non-grafted CE. In all the rootstocks studied—ST, SM and SI—there was no noticeable effect on carbohydrate, fibre, ash, pH and dry matter content. There was a no...
Grafting is regarded as an integral component of sustainable vegetable production. It is importan... more Grafting is regarded as an integral component of sustainable vegetable production. It is important in the management of soil-borne diseases, and reports suggest that grafting with viable rootstocks can enhance crop growth and yield. This research was conducted using splices and cleft grafting techniques to investigate graft compatibility among varieties of high yielding eggplant scion (MCV1, MCV2, CCV1, CCV2, CCV3, NCV, and TCV) grafted onto wild rootstocks (MWR, BWR, and TWR) to study their morphophysiological and yield characteristics. High yielding scions grafted onto wild relative rootstocks were compared with two controls including self-grafted and non-grafted. All the scion had a high rate of germination (≥95%) and remarkable graft success (100%) was recorded in MCV1, MCV2, and TCV using the cleft techniques. Generally, the use of rootstocks resulted in higher total and marketable fruit yield compared to the non-grafted and self-grafted scion plants, respectively. In particula...
The most vital aspect of marker-assisted backcross breeding is the recurrent parent genome recove... more The most vital aspect of marker-assisted backcross breeding is the recurrent parent genome recovery. This enables the selection of only parents with recovered recipient/recurrent parent genome in addition to the targeted genes. The recurrent parent genome recovery (RPGR) ensures that non-desirable genomic segments are removed while the gene of interest is sustained in the recombined progenies without further segregations. This work was aimed at quantifying the RPGR of backcross populations with introgression of bacterial leaf blight resistance genes. Putra-1, a Malaysian elite variety, high yielding with inherent resistance to blast but susceptible to bacterial leaf blight (BLB), was crossed with IRBB60 which is resistant to BLB disease. The IRBB60 has four Xoo resistance genes—Xa4, xa5, xa13 and Xa21. Tightly linked polymorphic functional and SSR markers were used for foreground selection at every stage of backcrossing to select progenies with introgressed target genes. Background ...
Currently, the global agricultural system is focused on a limited number of crop species, thereby... more Currently, the global agricultural system is focused on a limited number of crop species, thereby presenting a threat to food security and supply, especially with predicted global climate change conditions. The importance of ‘underutilized’ crop species in meeting the world’s demand for food has been duly recognized by research communities, governments and policy makers worldwide. The development of underutilized crops, with their vast genetic resources and beneficial traits, may be a useful step towards solving food security challenges by offering a multifaceted agricultural system that includes additional important food resources. Bambara groundnut is among the beneficial underutilized crop species that may have a positive impact on global food security through organized and well-coordinated multidimensional breeding programs. The excessive degrees of allelic difference in Bambara groundnut germplasm could be exploited in breeding activities to develop new varieties. It is importa...
Knowledge of agro-morphological genetic variation and cropping conditions on vegetative and yield... more Knowledge of agro-morphological genetic variation and cropping conditions on vegetative and yield-related traits plays a significant role in varietal improvement and production of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Following this premise, the current study was conducted to critically asses the genetic variation of 29 eggplant accessions by using agro-morphological characterization evaluated under two cropping conditions, namely, glasshouse and open field. The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data on vegetative and yield characteristics were collected and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS 9.4, while variance components were estimated manually. The results obtained from the analysis of variance indicated a highly significant difference (p ≤ 0.01) for all characteristics studied in both cropping conditions. The evaluated accessions were grouped into six major clusters based on agro-morphological traits using U...
A five month old calf was presented to the Large Animal Clinic of the Veterinary Teaching Hospita... more A five month old calf was presented to the Large Animal Clinic of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, with a chief complaint of nervous dysfunction. The calf was hospitalized and a thorough physical examination was carried out. The condition was diagnosed to be listeriosis based on the clinical signs, though efforts were made to isolate the organism from urine without success. The calf was treated with procaine penicillin at 25,000 IU I/M bid for 2 weeks and multivitamin 5 ml I/M for 3 days, after which the calf recovered completely. Treatment of listeriosis can be rewarding if aggressive antibiotic therapy is instituted early in the disease.
A ten year retrospective study (2000-2009) of Marek’s disease (MD) was conducted in the Veterinar... more A ten year retrospective study (2000-2009) of Marek’s disease (MD) was conducted in the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. 3,039 different poultry diseases were recorded, MD represents 4.9%. 63% of MD was recorded in birds 10 to 20 weeks old, 9.3% in birds above 30 weeks and 2.0% in birds below ten weeks. MD occurred mainly during the pre-rainy to rainy seasons with a progressive yearly increase. Strong association existed between season and MD (p < 0.05), risk estimate was also relevant (OR-2.4). A clinical analysis of birds affected with MD over the years revealed uneven growth and progressive weight loss as major complaints; ruffled feathers and whitish-yellow diarrhea were the major observable signs. Major gross lesions were severe emaciation, thickened proventriculus and flabby heart with loss of coronary fats. Histopathology revealed focal to diffuse neoplastic lesions in the affected organs. MD mainly affected chickens aged 10 to 20 weeks. The di...
The effects of daily intraperitoneal doses of 1000 i.u/kg body weight of vitamin E on the course ... more The effects of daily intraperitoneal doses of 1000 i.u/kg body weight of vitamin E on the course of Plasmodium berghei NK 65 infection and the parasite-induced anemia as well as alterations in the relative weight of some selected organs and antioxidant status in mice were investigated. The number of parasitized red cells were not initially affected by the vitamin administration but were persistently lowered after 11th day post infection to the termination of the experiment. The P. berghei infection was found to induce anemia, significantly (P<0.05) increased the relative weight of liver, spleen and kidney but significantly decreased (P<0.05) the relative brain weight. However, all the parasite-induced changes in these parameters were significantly (P<0.05) ameliorated by the vitamin administration. Furthermore, malonydialdehyde concentration in the serum, liver and brain of infected animals was significantly (P<0.05) increased whereas superoxide dismutase and catalase ac...
The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic pool of the West African Dwarf (WAD) goats ... more The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic pool of the West African Dwarf (WAD) goats using haemoglobin (Hb) polymorphism, as well as the association of some morphological traits with the Hb variants. Blood samples were collected from a total of 104 mature goats of both sexes belonging to the WAD breed in north central Nigeria. The red cell lysates were subjected to cellulose acetate electrophoresis and specific staining procedure to reveal the band patterns of haemoglobin. Three co-dominant alleles, causing the presence of three genotypes (AA, AB and AC) were detected among individual goats. The frequencies of the A, B and C alleles were 0.69, 0.30 and 0.01, respec-tively. The corresponding genotype frequencies for AA, AB and AC in the goat population were 0.37, 0.61 and 0.02, respectively. The discrepancy between the observed and the expected genotype number was significant (P<0.05) thereby violating the Hardy-Weinberg frequencies. The expected heterozygosity (H), wh...
An enantioselective asymmetric reduction of phenyl ring-containing prochiral ketones to yield the... more An enantioselective asymmetric reduction of phenyl ring-containing prochiral ketones to yield the corresponding optically active secondary alcohols was achieved with W110A secondary alcohol dehydrogenase from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus (W110A TESADH) in Tris buffer using 2-propanol (30%, v/v) as cosolvent and cosubstrate. This concentration of 2-propanol was crucial not only to enhance the solubility of hydrophobic phenyl ring-containing substrates in the aqueous reaction medium, but also to shift the equilibrium in the reduction direction. The resulting alcohols have S-configuration, in agreement with Prelog&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s rule, in which the nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) cofactor transfers its pro-R hydride to the re face of the ketone. A series of phenyl ring-containing ketones, such as 4-phenyl-2-butanone (1a) and 1-phenyl-1,3-butadione (2a), were reduced with good to excellent yields and high enantioselectivities. On the other hand, 1-phenyl-2-propanone (7a) was reduced with lower ee than 2-butanone derivatives. (R)-Alcohols, the anti-Prelog products, were obtained by enantiospecific oxidation of (S)-alcohols through oxidative kinetic resolution of the rac-alcohols using W110A TESADH in Tris buffer/acetone (90:10, v/v).
Malaria is one of the most common infectious diseases and a great public health problem worldwide... more Malaria is one of the most common infectious diseases and a great public health problem worldwide. It is one of the world's deadliest diseases affecting people particularly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of malarial parasite among children attending General Hospital Kawo, Kaduna State. A total of 250 blood sample were collected from children at random for malarial parasite infection using Rapid diagnostic test and microscopy. The result showed a prevalence of 77.6% using method of microscopy and 56.0% RDT. It was found that those between ages of 8-10 had the highest prevalence of 44.1%. Based on gender, male had the highest prevalence of 56.6%.The high prevalence of malaria infection recorded in this study may be attributed to the fact that the favourable environmental conditions enhance mosquito breeding and survival. More effort, proper environmental sanitations, legal dumping of waste are needed in the control of malaria in and within the study area, the parents also need enlightenment in the importance of early malaria diagnosis and control. Result from this study also indicates that the blood smear microscopy seems to be better than Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) for malaria diagnosis.
Bioremediation Science and Technology Research, 2021
The study was carried out to assess the effect of Callosobruchus maculatus infestation on selecte... more The study was carried out to assess the effect of Callosobruchus maculatus infestation on selected Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean) landraces in Gombe during storage to determine the Landrace (s) that are less susceptible to infestation caused by C. maculatus during storage. The trial was done in the Botany laboratory of Gombe State University, Gombe. Seeds were collected from five different Landraces, 40 grams each of healthy and C. maculatus infestation free seeds were infested with two males and three females. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replicates was used to assess the effects of C. maculatus infestation on the selected landraces of Bambara groundnut during storage. The results of the analysis of variance displayed significant differences (p≤ 0.05) among the parameters studied. It indicated that the Mottled and Cream landraces are relatively less susceptible and witness lower damage from the bruchids attack 14.6 (36%) and 17 (46%), whereas Red and Black ...
Eggplant is an essential vegetable crop that is rich in health-related compounds, and the content... more Eggplant is an essential vegetable crop that is rich in health-related compounds, and the content of these compounds can be increased through grafting. It was reported that grafting with vigorous wild relatives’ rootstocks can improve eggplant’s fruit quality. The study was conducted to investigate the fruit yield, composition and physicochemical traits of Solanum melongena ME, CE, NE and TE scions grafted on wild relatives’ rootstocks of ST, SM and SI. The results show that a notable graft success (100%) was recorded in grafted (TE/ST) and self-grafted (TE/TE) plants using the cleft technique. Growth and yield traits indicated that CE and TE scions grafted onto ST, SM and SI showed better performance in all of the traits mentioned above in an open field across two years, except first flower formation which was displayed on non-grafted CE. In all the rootstocks studied—ST, SM and SI—there was no noticeable effect on carbohydrate, fibre, ash, pH and dry matter content. There was a no...
Grafting is regarded as an integral component of sustainable vegetable production. It is importan... more Grafting is regarded as an integral component of sustainable vegetable production. It is important in the management of soil-borne diseases, and reports suggest that grafting with viable rootstocks can enhance crop growth and yield. This research was conducted using splices and cleft grafting techniques to investigate graft compatibility among varieties of high yielding eggplant scion (MCV1, MCV2, CCV1, CCV2, CCV3, NCV, and TCV) grafted onto wild rootstocks (MWR, BWR, and TWR) to study their morphophysiological and yield characteristics. High yielding scions grafted onto wild relative rootstocks were compared with two controls including self-grafted and non-grafted. All the scion had a high rate of germination (≥95%) and remarkable graft success (100%) was recorded in MCV1, MCV2, and TCV using the cleft techniques. Generally, the use of rootstocks resulted in higher total and marketable fruit yield compared to the non-grafted and self-grafted scion plants, respectively. In particula...
The most vital aspect of marker-assisted backcross breeding is the recurrent parent genome recove... more The most vital aspect of marker-assisted backcross breeding is the recurrent parent genome recovery. This enables the selection of only parents with recovered recipient/recurrent parent genome in addition to the targeted genes. The recurrent parent genome recovery (RPGR) ensures that non-desirable genomic segments are removed while the gene of interest is sustained in the recombined progenies without further segregations. This work was aimed at quantifying the RPGR of backcross populations with introgression of bacterial leaf blight resistance genes. Putra-1, a Malaysian elite variety, high yielding with inherent resistance to blast but susceptible to bacterial leaf blight (BLB), was crossed with IRBB60 which is resistant to BLB disease. The IRBB60 has four Xoo resistance genes—Xa4, xa5, xa13 and Xa21. Tightly linked polymorphic functional and SSR markers were used for foreground selection at every stage of backcrossing to select progenies with introgressed target genes. Background ...
Currently, the global agricultural system is focused on a limited number of crop species, thereby... more Currently, the global agricultural system is focused on a limited number of crop species, thereby presenting a threat to food security and supply, especially with predicted global climate change conditions. The importance of ‘underutilized’ crop species in meeting the world’s demand for food has been duly recognized by research communities, governments and policy makers worldwide. The development of underutilized crops, with their vast genetic resources and beneficial traits, may be a useful step towards solving food security challenges by offering a multifaceted agricultural system that includes additional important food resources. Bambara groundnut is among the beneficial underutilized crop species that may have a positive impact on global food security through organized and well-coordinated multidimensional breeding programs. The excessive degrees of allelic difference in Bambara groundnut germplasm could be exploited in breeding activities to develop new varieties. It is importa...
Knowledge of agro-morphological genetic variation and cropping conditions on vegetative and yield... more Knowledge of agro-morphological genetic variation and cropping conditions on vegetative and yield-related traits plays a significant role in varietal improvement and production of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Following this premise, the current study was conducted to critically asses the genetic variation of 29 eggplant accessions by using agro-morphological characterization evaluated under two cropping conditions, namely, glasshouse and open field. The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data on vegetative and yield characteristics were collected and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS 9.4, while variance components were estimated manually. The results obtained from the analysis of variance indicated a highly significant difference (p ≤ 0.01) for all characteristics studied in both cropping conditions. The evaluated accessions were grouped into six major clusters based on agro-morphological traits using U...
A five month old calf was presented to the Large Animal Clinic of the Veterinary Teaching Hospita... more A five month old calf was presented to the Large Animal Clinic of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, with a chief complaint of nervous dysfunction. The calf was hospitalized and a thorough physical examination was carried out. The condition was diagnosed to be listeriosis based on the clinical signs, though efforts were made to isolate the organism from urine without success. The calf was treated with procaine penicillin at 25,000 IU I/M bid for 2 weeks and multivitamin 5 ml I/M for 3 days, after which the calf recovered completely. Treatment of listeriosis can be rewarding if aggressive antibiotic therapy is instituted early in the disease.
A ten year retrospective study (2000-2009) of Marek’s disease (MD) was conducted in the Veterinar... more A ten year retrospective study (2000-2009) of Marek’s disease (MD) was conducted in the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. 3,039 different poultry diseases were recorded, MD represents 4.9%. 63% of MD was recorded in birds 10 to 20 weeks old, 9.3% in birds above 30 weeks and 2.0% in birds below ten weeks. MD occurred mainly during the pre-rainy to rainy seasons with a progressive yearly increase. Strong association existed between season and MD (p < 0.05), risk estimate was also relevant (OR-2.4). A clinical analysis of birds affected with MD over the years revealed uneven growth and progressive weight loss as major complaints; ruffled feathers and whitish-yellow diarrhea were the major observable signs. Major gross lesions were severe emaciation, thickened proventriculus and flabby heart with loss of coronary fats. Histopathology revealed focal to diffuse neoplastic lesions in the affected organs. MD mainly affected chickens aged 10 to 20 weeks. The di...
The effects of daily intraperitoneal doses of 1000 i.u/kg body weight of vitamin E on the course ... more The effects of daily intraperitoneal doses of 1000 i.u/kg body weight of vitamin E on the course of Plasmodium berghei NK 65 infection and the parasite-induced anemia as well as alterations in the relative weight of some selected organs and antioxidant status in mice were investigated. The number of parasitized red cells were not initially affected by the vitamin administration but were persistently lowered after 11th day post infection to the termination of the experiment. The P. berghei infection was found to induce anemia, significantly (P<0.05) increased the relative weight of liver, spleen and kidney but significantly decreased (P<0.05) the relative brain weight. However, all the parasite-induced changes in these parameters were significantly (P<0.05) ameliorated by the vitamin administration. Furthermore, malonydialdehyde concentration in the serum, liver and brain of infected animals was significantly (P<0.05) increased whereas superoxide dismutase and catalase ac...
The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic pool of the West African Dwarf (WAD) goats ... more The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic pool of the West African Dwarf (WAD) goats using haemoglobin (Hb) polymorphism, as well as the association of some morphological traits with the Hb variants. Blood samples were collected from a total of 104 mature goats of both sexes belonging to the WAD breed in north central Nigeria. The red cell lysates were subjected to cellulose acetate electrophoresis and specific staining procedure to reveal the band patterns of haemoglobin. Three co-dominant alleles, causing the presence of three genotypes (AA, AB and AC) were detected among individual goats. The frequencies of the A, B and C alleles were 0.69, 0.30 and 0.01, respec-tively. The corresponding genotype frequencies for AA, AB and AC in the goat population were 0.37, 0.61 and 0.02, respectively. The discrepancy between the observed and the expected genotype number was significant (P<0.05) thereby violating the Hardy-Weinberg frequencies. The expected heterozygosity (H), wh...
An enantioselective asymmetric reduction of phenyl ring-containing prochiral ketones to yield the... more An enantioselective asymmetric reduction of phenyl ring-containing prochiral ketones to yield the corresponding optically active secondary alcohols was achieved with W110A secondary alcohol dehydrogenase from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus (W110A TESADH) in Tris buffer using 2-propanol (30%, v/v) as cosolvent and cosubstrate. This concentration of 2-propanol was crucial not only to enhance the solubility of hydrophobic phenyl ring-containing substrates in the aqueous reaction medium, but also to shift the equilibrium in the reduction direction. The resulting alcohols have S-configuration, in agreement with Prelog&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s rule, in which the nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) cofactor transfers its pro-R hydride to the re face of the ketone. A series of phenyl ring-containing ketones, such as 4-phenyl-2-butanone (1a) and 1-phenyl-1,3-butadione (2a), were reduced with good to excellent yields and high enantioselectivities. On the other hand, 1-phenyl-2-propanone (7a) was reduced with lower ee than 2-butanone derivatives. (R)-Alcohols, the anti-Prelog products, were obtained by enantiospecific oxidation of (S)-alcohols through oxidative kinetic resolution of the rac-alcohols using W110A TESADH in Tris buffer/acetone (90:10, v/v).
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