Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Enterococcus faecalis can colonize the tooth ro... more Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Enterococcus faecalis can colonize the tooth root canals, adhere to dentin walls, and frequently cause periodontitis in dogs. Bacterial periodontal diseases are common in domesticated pets, causing severe oral cavity inflammation and a strong immune response. This study investigates the antioxidant effect of a natural antimicrobial mixture (Auraguard—Ag) on the ability of S. aureus, S. pyogenes and E. faecalis to infect primary canine oral epithelial cells as well as its impact on their virulence factors. Our data show that a concentration of 0.25% Ag is sufficient to inhibit the growth of all three pathogens, whereas a concentration of 0.5% will become bactericidal. The sub-inhibitory concentration of 0.125% Ag reveals that the antimicrobial mixture can significantly reduce biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide production. The impact on these virulence factors was further translated into a significantly reduced ability to infect p...
Campylobacter remains the most prevalent foodborne pathogen bacterium responsible for causing gas... more Campylobacter remains the most prevalent foodborne pathogen bacterium responsible for causing gastroenteritis worldwide. Specifically, this pathogen colonises a ubiquitous range of environments, from poultry, companion pets and livestock animals to humans. The bacterium is uniquely adaptable to various niches, leading to complicated gastroenteritis and, in some cases, difficult to treat due to elevated resistance to certain antibiotics. This increased resistance is currently detected via genomic, clinical or epidemiological studies, with the results highlighting worrying multi-drug resistant (MDR) profiles in many food and clinical isolates. The Campylobacter genome encodes a rich inventory of virulence factors offering the bacterium the ability to influence host immune defences, survive antimicrobials, form biofilms and ultimately boost its infection-inducing potential. The virulence traits responsible for inducing clinical signs are not sufficiently defined because several populat...
Legionella pneumophila is responsible for causing Legionnaires’ disease and Pontiac fever, also k... more Legionella pneumophila is responsible for causing Legionnaires’ disease and Pontiac fever, also known as legionellosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanistic effect of a mixture of natural antimicrobials (Citrox BCL) in preventing L. pneumophila biofilm formation and reducing its in vitro virulence. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were detected at 0.06%, and the MBC was established at 0.125%. Based on the growth curve profile, the sub-inhibitory concentration of 0.02% was further used to study the mechanistic implications in the absence of a cytotoxic effect on A549 cells. At 24 h post-infection, Citrox BCL reduced (p = 0.005) the intracellular growth of L. pneumophila when the A549 cells or the bacteria were pre-treated with 0.02% Citrox BCL. This result was replicated when Citrox BCL was added during the 24 h infection assay leading to a reduction in intracellular growth (p = 0.003). Herein we show that at the sub-inhibitory concentration of 0.02%, Citrox ...
Farm biosecurity management includes a set of practical measures used to prevent and limit the sp... more Farm biosecurity management includes a set of practical measures used to prevent and limit the spread of infections to humans and animals. Infections, predominantly caused by zoonotic agents, often occur due to a lack of safety standards monitoring on farms, but also because of the use of inappropriate antimicrobial products leading to bacterial resistance, tolerance to biocides and the emergence antimicrobial-resistant germs. To date, research was mainly focused on studying the antimicrobial resistance in bacterial biofilms and the mechanisms involved in their occurrence. At molecular level, the limited diffusion of biocides in the biofilm matrix, enzyme-mediated resistance, genetic adaptation, efflux pumps, and levels of metabolic activity inside the biofilm are some of the investigated biological mechanisms which can promote antimicrobial resistance in biofilms were also investigated. Interventions, based on the identification of novel antimicrobial compounds, that would exclude ...
The Campylobacter genus is the leading cause of human gastroenteritis, with the consumption of co... more The Campylobacter genus is the leading cause of human gastroenteritis, with the consumption of contaminated poultry meat as the main route of infection. Probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Escherichia coli Nissle, and Bifidobacterium species, have a great immunomodulatory capacity and exhibit antipathogenic effects through various molecular mechanisms. Reducing Campylobacter levels in livestock animals, such as poultry, will have a substantial benefit to humans as it will reduce disease transmissibility through the food chain. Moreover, probiotic-based strategies might attenuate intestinal inflammatory processes, which consequently reduce the severity of Campylobacter disease progression. At a molecular level, probiotics can also negatively impact on the functionality of various Campylobacter virulence and survival factors (e.g., adhesion, invasion), and on the associated colonization proteins involved in epithelial translocation. The current review describes recent in vitro, in vivo, and preclinical findings on probiotic therapies, aiming to reduce Campylobacter counts in poultry and reduce the pathogen's virulence in the avian and human host. Moreover, we focused in particular on probiotics with known anti-Campylobacter activity seeking to understand the biological mechanisms involved in their mode of action.
Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Food Science and Technology
The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a mixture of natural antimicrobials (maltodextri... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a mixture of natural antimicrobials (maltodextrin, sodium chloride, citric acid, sodium citrate, silica, malic acid, citrus extract, and olive extract) to prevent Nematopsis spp. infestation of shrimp and to explore the biological mechanisms involved in preventing infection and improved performance. Our results show that the natural antimicrobials were able, in vitro, to reduce (p < 0.0001) the ability of N. messor, N. quadratum and N. annulipes to adhere to CHSE-214 epithelial cells. In vivo the natural antimicrobial mixture reduced (p < 0.0001) their gut colonisation, increased the (p < 0.05) shrimp survival rates and (p < 0.05) and also the relative growth rate and shrimp size. Moreover, the average daily gain, the total weight gain and the feed conversion rate were all improved over the 30 d trial. The beneficial effects on shrimp performance were associated with a significant increase (p = 0.0004) in the abundance of ...
Nematopsis messor infections severely impact on shrimp’s health with devastating economic consequ... more Nematopsis messor infections severely impact on shrimp’s health with devastating economic consequences on shrimp farming. In a shrimp primary intestinal cells (SGP) model of infection, a sub-inhibitory concentration (0.5%) of natural antimicrobials (Aq) was able to reduce the ability of N. messor to infect (p < 0.0001). To prevent N. messor infection of SGP cells, Aq inhibits host actin polymerization and restores tight junction integrity (TEER) and the expression of Zo-1 and occluding. The oxidative burst, caused by N. messor infection, is attenuated by Aq through the inhibition of NADPH-produced H2O2. Simultaneous to the reduction in H2O2 released, the activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also significantly increase (p < 0.0001). The antimicrobial mixture inactivates the ERK signal transduction pathway by tyrosine dephosphorylation and reduces the expression of DCR2, ALF-A, and ALF-C antimicrobial peptides. The observed in vitro results were also tr...
Poultry farming is growing globally, particularly in developing countries, to meet the demands of... more Poultry farming is growing globally, particularly in developing countries, to meet the demands of growing populations for poultry meat and eggs. This is likely to lead to an increase in the use of antibiotics in poultry feed, thus contributing to the development and spread of antibiotic resistance which, poses a serious threat to human and animal health worldwide. One way of reducing this threat is to reduce the use of antibiotics in poultry production by finding effective and sustainable antibiotic alternatives that can be used to support poultry health and productivity. Therefore, this study evaluates the incorporation of three medicinal plants, Anemone chinensis Bunge, Smilax glabra Roxb, and Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb, in poultry feed on production performance, nutrient digestibility, and bacteria in the chicken caecum in a 35-day performance trial with 420-day-old male Ross 308 broilers. Groups of randomly selected chicks received one of six dietary treatments. These included five ...
Biocides are currently considered the first line of defense against foodborne pathogens in hospit... more Biocides are currently considered the first line of defense against foodborne pathogens in hospitals or food processing facilities due to the versatility and efficiency of their chemical active ingredients. Understanding the biological mechanisms responsible for their increased efficiency, especially when used against foodborne pathogens on contaminated surfaces and materials, represents an essential first step in the implementation of efficient strategies for disinfection as choosing an unsuitable product can lead to antibiocide resistance or antibiotic-biocide cross-resistance. This review describes these biological mechanisms for the most common foodborne pathogens and focuses mainly on the antipathogen effect, highlighting the latest developments based on in vitro and in vivo studies. We focus on biocides with inhibitory effects against foodborne bacteria (e.g., Escherichia spp., Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Listeria spp., Campylobacter spp.), aiming to understand their...
Abstract: Nematopsis messor infections severely impact on shrimp’s health with devastating econom... more Abstract: Nematopsis messor infections severely impact on shrimp’s health with devastating economic consequences on shrimp farming. In a shrimp primary intestinal cells (SGP) model of infection, a sub-inhibitory concentration (0.5%) of natural antimicrobials (Aq) was able to reduce the ability of N. messor to infect (p < 0.0001). To prevent N. messor infection of SGP cells, Aq inhibits host actin polymerization and restores tight junction integrity (TEER) and the expression of Zo-1 and occluding. The oxidative burst, caused by N. messor infection, is attenuated by Aq through the inhibition of NADPH-produced H2O2. Simultaneous to the reduction in H2O2 released, the activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also significantly increase (p < 0.0001). The antimicrobial mixture inactivates the ERK signal transduction pathway by tyrosine dephosphorylation and reduces the expression of DCR2, ALF-A, and ALF-C antimicrobial peptides. The observed in vitro results were also translated in vivo, whereby the use of a shrimp challenge test, we show that in N. messor infected shrimp the mortality rate was 68% compared to the Aq-treated group where the mortality rate was maintained at 14%. The significant increase in CAT and SOD activity in treated and infected shrimp suggested an in vivo antioxidant role for Aq. In conclusion, our study shows that Aq can efficiently reduce N. messor colonization of shrimp’s intestinal cells in vitro and in vivo and the oxidative induced cellular damage, repairs epithelial integrity, and enhances gut immunity.
The hematological and biochemical profile is important to study because it provides important inf... more The hematological and biochemical profile is important to study because it provides important information on animal health. Changing the parameters beyond the normal limits negatively affects the production and quality of milk. Hematological and biochemical parameters were influenced by season, age, sex, lactation, animal nutrition and maintenance system. The total protein was in average 55.44 ± 5.14g/l in the summer season, and 76.92 ± 2.82 g/l in the winter season. Creatinine registered an average values of 99.55 ± 3.57 μmol/L in summer, while in winter was 112.00 ± 6.59 μmol/L. Cholesterol is an important parameter for the body, and his changes give us important information about the major disturbances that occur in the body. This parameter was significantly influenced by the season and it was 1.82 ± 0.14 mmol/L for summer and 1.95 ± 0.06 mmol/L in winter. The LYM in the summer season had an average value of 49.96 ± 2.72%, while in the winter season was 59.92 ± 2.19%. The values ...
Reducing the Campylobacter load on poultry carcasses represents a major tasks for the industry as... more Reducing the Campylobacter load on poultry carcasses represents a major tasks for the industry as its ability to reduce their presence is of major interest aiming to increase consumer safety. This study investigated the ability of a mixture of natural antimicrobials (A3001) to reduce the adherence of the T6SS+/-C. coli isolates (NC1hcp-, NC2 hcp- and NC3 hcp+) to chicken neck skin and whole carcasses. Overall, the antimicrobial mixture induced a significant reduction in the capability of our C. coli isolates to colonise the chicken skin (p < 0.05) and carcasses (p < 0.0001) but with a greater effect (≈3 log reduction) on the NC3 isolate. Using the HCT-8 in vitro infection model we also show that at a concentration of 0.5% A3001, the impact on the NC3 isolate is accompanied by the downregulation of the hcp gene (p = 0.0001), and indicator of the T6SS presence. The results described herein also indicated that these isolates are highly resistant to H2O2, up to 20 mM, suggesting a high resilience to environmental stresses. In summary our study shows that natural antimicrobials can reduce the ability of T6SS positive chicken C. coli isolates to adhere to chicken skin or to the whole carcass and to infect epithelial cells in vitro and could be considered a potential intervention at processor level.
Mare's milk is valuable because of its nutritional properties. It is used in human food and t... more Mare's milk is valuable because of its nutritional properties. It is used in human food and tartamente for variousdiseases. Mare milk changes its composition depending on the lactation. It has the lowest values in first and secondlactation in lactating 3, the highest values. The fat content varies between 1.88 g/100 g (lactation 1) and 2.17 g/100 g(lactation 3). Milk protein varies between 1.74 g/100g (lactation 1) and 1.92 g/100 g (lactation 3). For colostrum,affecting all day postpartum physico-chemical parameters. The highest values for these parameters are within 3 dayspostpartum. On day 5, the low values are observed. The fat content of the colostrum varies between 2.85 g/100 g, onday 1, and 2.13 g/100 g, on day 5.
Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 2017
Geraniol and linalool have been found to be effective against foodborne microorganisms in vitro. ... more Geraniol and linalool have been found to be effective against foodborne microorganisms in vitro. However, due to their hydrophobic nature, it is difficult to achieve an even dispersion in foods with high water content resulting in dramatic loss of activity. The aim of the study was to fabricate geraniol or linalool nanoemulsions and investigate their effect against Escherichia coli K12, Listeria innocua and Pseudomonas lundensis in a meat simulation medium. The agar diffusion assay revealed that both geraniol and linalool had a potent antimicrobial activity against all bacteria. Dynamic light scattering showed that geraniol and linalool nanoemulsions had a mean diameter of 68.22±2.46 and 173.59±4.15 nm, respectively. Killing assay results showed that both nanoemulsions were able to significantly reduce E. coli and L. innocua counts by approx. 3 log CFU/ml. Ps. lundensis proved to be more resistant to both nanoemulsions showing a reduction of approx. 1.2 log CFU/ml,. Overall, this st...
Buffalo milk due to its high fat content from the energy point of view is more valuable compared ... more Buffalo milk due to its high fat content from the energy point of view is more valuable compared to cow's milk. Thepercentage of fat varies depending on the stage of lactation, season, individual, health, animal age and diet. The studyof the chemical composition and the antioxidant capacity of buffalo milk is required for both scientific andtechnological considerations, given the importance of this type of milk in the consumer's diet. The purpose of this studywas to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and the physico-chemical composition of buffalo milk by lactation. Buffalomilk can have different qualities, so the quality of buffalo milk is also determined by its content in its components(protein, fat, lactose, vitamins, fatty acids, water content, antioxidant capacity). The physicochemical parameters andantioxidant capacity were influenced by lactation, presenting the highest values in lactations III and IV. Duringlactation I, parameters such as fat, protein and lactose show...
Probiotics are living microbial strains, also considered functional foods, that improve the human... more Probiotics are living microbial strains, also considered functional foods, that improve the human intestine and mucosal sites' functionality and normalize the immune system balance. This symbiosis between the human body and microorganisms has attracted scientists and showed a notable role in maintaining human health. The microbiota composition within different sites of the organs can change rapidly and unfavorably, leading to the development of infections or abnormal conditions. The treatments with antibiotics affect and disturb the overall normal microflora, and specifically to the vaginal tract, by inhibiting the spread of the normal microflora of Lactobacillus species. In this sense, probiotics have shown to be an integrative and complementary therapy for the amelioration and prevention of vaginal infections in women. The main objective of the current review is to highlight the importance of probiotics to prevent and treat antibiotic-associated acute and chronic diseases and ...
Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Enterococcus faecalis can colonize the tooth ro... more Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Enterococcus faecalis can colonize the tooth root canals, adhere to dentin walls, and frequently cause periodontitis in dogs. Bacterial periodontal diseases are common in domesticated pets, causing severe oral cavity inflammation and a strong immune response. This study investigates the antioxidant effect of a natural antimicrobial mixture (Auraguard—Ag) on the ability of S. aureus, S. pyogenes and E. faecalis to infect primary canine oral epithelial cells as well as its impact on their virulence factors. Our data show that a concentration of 0.25% Ag is sufficient to inhibit the growth of all three pathogens, whereas a concentration of 0.5% will become bactericidal. The sub-inhibitory concentration of 0.125% Ag reveals that the antimicrobial mixture can significantly reduce biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide production. The impact on these virulence factors was further translated into a significantly reduced ability to infect p...
Campylobacter remains the most prevalent foodborne pathogen bacterium responsible for causing gas... more Campylobacter remains the most prevalent foodborne pathogen bacterium responsible for causing gastroenteritis worldwide. Specifically, this pathogen colonises a ubiquitous range of environments, from poultry, companion pets and livestock animals to humans. The bacterium is uniquely adaptable to various niches, leading to complicated gastroenteritis and, in some cases, difficult to treat due to elevated resistance to certain antibiotics. This increased resistance is currently detected via genomic, clinical or epidemiological studies, with the results highlighting worrying multi-drug resistant (MDR) profiles in many food and clinical isolates. The Campylobacter genome encodes a rich inventory of virulence factors offering the bacterium the ability to influence host immune defences, survive antimicrobials, form biofilms and ultimately boost its infection-inducing potential. The virulence traits responsible for inducing clinical signs are not sufficiently defined because several populat...
Legionella pneumophila is responsible for causing Legionnaires’ disease and Pontiac fever, also k... more Legionella pneumophila is responsible for causing Legionnaires’ disease and Pontiac fever, also known as legionellosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanistic effect of a mixture of natural antimicrobials (Citrox BCL) in preventing L. pneumophila biofilm formation and reducing its in vitro virulence. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were detected at 0.06%, and the MBC was established at 0.125%. Based on the growth curve profile, the sub-inhibitory concentration of 0.02% was further used to study the mechanistic implications in the absence of a cytotoxic effect on A549 cells. At 24 h post-infection, Citrox BCL reduced (p = 0.005) the intracellular growth of L. pneumophila when the A549 cells or the bacteria were pre-treated with 0.02% Citrox BCL. This result was replicated when Citrox BCL was added during the 24 h infection assay leading to a reduction in intracellular growth (p = 0.003). Herein we show that at the sub-inhibitory concentration of 0.02%, Citrox ...
Farm biosecurity management includes a set of practical measures used to prevent and limit the sp... more Farm biosecurity management includes a set of practical measures used to prevent and limit the spread of infections to humans and animals. Infections, predominantly caused by zoonotic agents, often occur due to a lack of safety standards monitoring on farms, but also because of the use of inappropriate antimicrobial products leading to bacterial resistance, tolerance to biocides and the emergence antimicrobial-resistant germs. To date, research was mainly focused on studying the antimicrobial resistance in bacterial biofilms and the mechanisms involved in their occurrence. At molecular level, the limited diffusion of biocides in the biofilm matrix, enzyme-mediated resistance, genetic adaptation, efflux pumps, and levels of metabolic activity inside the biofilm are some of the investigated biological mechanisms which can promote antimicrobial resistance in biofilms were also investigated. Interventions, based on the identification of novel antimicrobial compounds, that would exclude ...
The Campylobacter genus is the leading cause of human gastroenteritis, with the consumption of co... more The Campylobacter genus is the leading cause of human gastroenteritis, with the consumption of contaminated poultry meat as the main route of infection. Probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Escherichia coli Nissle, and Bifidobacterium species, have a great immunomodulatory capacity and exhibit antipathogenic effects through various molecular mechanisms. Reducing Campylobacter levels in livestock animals, such as poultry, will have a substantial benefit to humans as it will reduce disease transmissibility through the food chain. Moreover, probiotic-based strategies might attenuate intestinal inflammatory processes, which consequently reduce the severity of Campylobacter disease progression. At a molecular level, probiotics can also negatively impact on the functionality of various Campylobacter virulence and survival factors (e.g., adhesion, invasion), and on the associated colonization proteins involved in epithelial translocation. The current review describes recent in vitro, in vivo, and preclinical findings on probiotic therapies, aiming to reduce Campylobacter counts in poultry and reduce the pathogen's virulence in the avian and human host. Moreover, we focused in particular on probiotics with known anti-Campylobacter activity seeking to understand the biological mechanisms involved in their mode of action.
Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Food Science and Technology
The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a mixture of natural antimicrobials (maltodextri... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a mixture of natural antimicrobials (maltodextrin, sodium chloride, citric acid, sodium citrate, silica, malic acid, citrus extract, and olive extract) to prevent Nematopsis spp. infestation of shrimp and to explore the biological mechanisms involved in preventing infection and improved performance. Our results show that the natural antimicrobials were able, in vitro, to reduce (p < 0.0001) the ability of N. messor, N. quadratum and N. annulipes to adhere to CHSE-214 epithelial cells. In vivo the natural antimicrobial mixture reduced (p < 0.0001) their gut colonisation, increased the (p < 0.05) shrimp survival rates and (p < 0.05) and also the relative growth rate and shrimp size. Moreover, the average daily gain, the total weight gain and the feed conversion rate were all improved over the 30 d trial. The beneficial effects on shrimp performance were associated with a significant increase (p = 0.0004) in the abundance of ...
Nematopsis messor infections severely impact on shrimp’s health with devastating economic consequ... more Nematopsis messor infections severely impact on shrimp’s health with devastating economic consequences on shrimp farming. In a shrimp primary intestinal cells (SGP) model of infection, a sub-inhibitory concentration (0.5%) of natural antimicrobials (Aq) was able to reduce the ability of N. messor to infect (p < 0.0001). To prevent N. messor infection of SGP cells, Aq inhibits host actin polymerization and restores tight junction integrity (TEER) and the expression of Zo-1 and occluding. The oxidative burst, caused by N. messor infection, is attenuated by Aq through the inhibition of NADPH-produced H2O2. Simultaneous to the reduction in H2O2 released, the activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also significantly increase (p < 0.0001). The antimicrobial mixture inactivates the ERK signal transduction pathway by tyrosine dephosphorylation and reduces the expression of DCR2, ALF-A, and ALF-C antimicrobial peptides. The observed in vitro results were also tr...
Poultry farming is growing globally, particularly in developing countries, to meet the demands of... more Poultry farming is growing globally, particularly in developing countries, to meet the demands of growing populations for poultry meat and eggs. This is likely to lead to an increase in the use of antibiotics in poultry feed, thus contributing to the development and spread of antibiotic resistance which, poses a serious threat to human and animal health worldwide. One way of reducing this threat is to reduce the use of antibiotics in poultry production by finding effective and sustainable antibiotic alternatives that can be used to support poultry health and productivity. Therefore, this study evaluates the incorporation of three medicinal plants, Anemone chinensis Bunge, Smilax glabra Roxb, and Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb, in poultry feed on production performance, nutrient digestibility, and bacteria in the chicken caecum in a 35-day performance trial with 420-day-old male Ross 308 broilers. Groups of randomly selected chicks received one of six dietary treatments. These included five ...
Biocides are currently considered the first line of defense against foodborne pathogens in hospit... more Biocides are currently considered the first line of defense against foodborne pathogens in hospitals or food processing facilities due to the versatility and efficiency of their chemical active ingredients. Understanding the biological mechanisms responsible for their increased efficiency, especially when used against foodborne pathogens on contaminated surfaces and materials, represents an essential first step in the implementation of efficient strategies for disinfection as choosing an unsuitable product can lead to antibiocide resistance or antibiotic-biocide cross-resistance. This review describes these biological mechanisms for the most common foodborne pathogens and focuses mainly on the antipathogen effect, highlighting the latest developments based on in vitro and in vivo studies. We focus on biocides with inhibitory effects against foodborne bacteria (e.g., Escherichia spp., Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Listeria spp., Campylobacter spp.), aiming to understand their...
Abstract: Nematopsis messor infections severely impact on shrimp’s health with devastating econom... more Abstract: Nematopsis messor infections severely impact on shrimp’s health with devastating economic consequences on shrimp farming. In a shrimp primary intestinal cells (SGP) model of infection, a sub-inhibitory concentration (0.5%) of natural antimicrobials (Aq) was able to reduce the ability of N. messor to infect (p < 0.0001). To prevent N. messor infection of SGP cells, Aq inhibits host actin polymerization and restores tight junction integrity (TEER) and the expression of Zo-1 and occluding. The oxidative burst, caused by N. messor infection, is attenuated by Aq through the inhibition of NADPH-produced H2O2. Simultaneous to the reduction in H2O2 released, the activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also significantly increase (p < 0.0001). The antimicrobial mixture inactivates the ERK signal transduction pathway by tyrosine dephosphorylation and reduces the expression of DCR2, ALF-A, and ALF-C antimicrobial peptides. The observed in vitro results were also translated in vivo, whereby the use of a shrimp challenge test, we show that in N. messor infected shrimp the mortality rate was 68% compared to the Aq-treated group where the mortality rate was maintained at 14%. The significant increase in CAT and SOD activity in treated and infected shrimp suggested an in vivo antioxidant role for Aq. In conclusion, our study shows that Aq can efficiently reduce N. messor colonization of shrimp’s intestinal cells in vitro and in vivo and the oxidative induced cellular damage, repairs epithelial integrity, and enhances gut immunity.
The hematological and biochemical profile is important to study because it provides important inf... more The hematological and biochemical profile is important to study because it provides important information on animal health. Changing the parameters beyond the normal limits negatively affects the production and quality of milk. Hematological and biochemical parameters were influenced by season, age, sex, lactation, animal nutrition and maintenance system. The total protein was in average 55.44 ± 5.14g/l in the summer season, and 76.92 ± 2.82 g/l in the winter season. Creatinine registered an average values of 99.55 ± 3.57 μmol/L in summer, while in winter was 112.00 ± 6.59 μmol/L. Cholesterol is an important parameter for the body, and his changes give us important information about the major disturbances that occur in the body. This parameter was significantly influenced by the season and it was 1.82 ± 0.14 mmol/L for summer and 1.95 ± 0.06 mmol/L in winter. The LYM in the summer season had an average value of 49.96 ± 2.72%, while in the winter season was 59.92 ± 2.19%. The values ...
Reducing the Campylobacter load on poultry carcasses represents a major tasks for the industry as... more Reducing the Campylobacter load on poultry carcasses represents a major tasks for the industry as its ability to reduce their presence is of major interest aiming to increase consumer safety. This study investigated the ability of a mixture of natural antimicrobials (A3001) to reduce the adherence of the T6SS+/-C. coli isolates (NC1hcp-, NC2 hcp- and NC3 hcp+) to chicken neck skin and whole carcasses. Overall, the antimicrobial mixture induced a significant reduction in the capability of our C. coli isolates to colonise the chicken skin (p < 0.05) and carcasses (p < 0.0001) but with a greater effect (≈3 log reduction) on the NC3 isolate. Using the HCT-8 in vitro infection model we also show that at a concentration of 0.5% A3001, the impact on the NC3 isolate is accompanied by the downregulation of the hcp gene (p = 0.0001), and indicator of the T6SS presence. The results described herein also indicated that these isolates are highly resistant to H2O2, up to 20 mM, suggesting a high resilience to environmental stresses. In summary our study shows that natural antimicrobials can reduce the ability of T6SS positive chicken C. coli isolates to adhere to chicken skin or to the whole carcass and to infect epithelial cells in vitro and could be considered a potential intervention at processor level.
Mare's milk is valuable because of its nutritional properties. It is used in human food and t... more Mare's milk is valuable because of its nutritional properties. It is used in human food and tartamente for variousdiseases. Mare milk changes its composition depending on the lactation. It has the lowest values in first and secondlactation in lactating 3, the highest values. The fat content varies between 1.88 g/100 g (lactation 1) and 2.17 g/100 g(lactation 3). Milk protein varies between 1.74 g/100g (lactation 1) and 1.92 g/100 g (lactation 3). For colostrum,affecting all day postpartum physico-chemical parameters. The highest values for these parameters are within 3 dayspostpartum. On day 5, the low values are observed. The fat content of the colostrum varies between 2.85 g/100 g, onday 1, and 2.13 g/100 g, on day 5.
Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 2017
Geraniol and linalool have been found to be effective against foodborne microorganisms in vitro. ... more Geraniol and linalool have been found to be effective against foodborne microorganisms in vitro. However, due to their hydrophobic nature, it is difficult to achieve an even dispersion in foods with high water content resulting in dramatic loss of activity. The aim of the study was to fabricate geraniol or linalool nanoemulsions and investigate their effect against Escherichia coli K12, Listeria innocua and Pseudomonas lundensis in a meat simulation medium. The agar diffusion assay revealed that both geraniol and linalool had a potent antimicrobial activity against all bacteria. Dynamic light scattering showed that geraniol and linalool nanoemulsions had a mean diameter of 68.22±2.46 and 173.59±4.15 nm, respectively. Killing assay results showed that both nanoemulsions were able to significantly reduce E. coli and L. innocua counts by approx. 3 log CFU/ml. Ps. lundensis proved to be more resistant to both nanoemulsions showing a reduction of approx. 1.2 log CFU/ml,. Overall, this st...
Buffalo milk due to its high fat content from the energy point of view is more valuable compared ... more Buffalo milk due to its high fat content from the energy point of view is more valuable compared to cow's milk. Thepercentage of fat varies depending on the stage of lactation, season, individual, health, animal age and diet. The studyof the chemical composition and the antioxidant capacity of buffalo milk is required for both scientific andtechnological considerations, given the importance of this type of milk in the consumer's diet. The purpose of this studywas to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and the physico-chemical composition of buffalo milk by lactation. Buffalomilk can have different qualities, so the quality of buffalo milk is also determined by its content in its components(protein, fat, lactose, vitamins, fatty acids, water content, antioxidant capacity). The physicochemical parameters andantioxidant capacity were influenced by lactation, presenting the highest values in lactations III and IV. Duringlactation I, parameters such as fat, protein and lactose show...
Probiotics are living microbial strains, also considered functional foods, that improve the human... more Probiotics are living microbial strains, also considered functional foods, that improve the human intestine and mucosal sites' functionality and normalize the immune system balance. This symbiosis between the human body and microorganisms has attracted scientists and showed a notable role in maintaining human health. The microbiota composition within different sites of the organs can change rapidly and unfavorably, leading to the development of infections or abnormal conditions. The treatments with antibiotics affect and disturb the overall normal microflora, and specifically to the vaginal tract, by inhibiting the spread of the normal microflora of Lactobacillus species. In this sense, probiotics have shown to be an integrative and complementary therapy for the amelioration and prevention of vaginal infections in women. The main objective of the current review is to highlight the importance of probiotics to prevent and treat antibiotic-associated acute and chronic diseases and ...
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