In the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta, the geography, architecture, and chronology of the channel bel... more In the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta, the geography, architecture, and chronology of the channel belts and their flood basins is known in exceptional high detail. This is due to a long history of intensive geological, geomorphological, and archeological research by various universities and knowledge institutes and archaeological consultancy companies. A first reconstruction showing the build-up and palaeogeographical development of the delta in 500 year time-slices was published in 2001 by Berendsen and Stouthamer. The mapping turned out to be of great value for academic and applied studies in archaeology, hydrology, and sedimentary geology. Now, more than a decade later, knowledge of the evolving delta river network has majorly grown in both coverage and accuracy.
Organic–clastic lake fills, which include lacustrine deltas, are prominent architectural elements... more Organic–clastic lake fills, which include lacustrine deltas, are prominent architectural elements in the distal zone of delta plains. We hypothesize that lakes and fossil lake fills affect the development of a fluvial distributary channel. To test this hypothesis, a Holocene palaeogeographic reconstruction is presented of the Angstel–Vecht area, The Netherlands based on a geomorphogenetic map, lithogenetic cross sections, microfossil analyses, and various dating methods (ie 14C-dating, OSL dating, pollen analyses and archaeological ...
The quantitative significance of coarse-grained deposits in the overbank realm, such as crevasse-... more The quantitative significance of coarse-grained deposits in the overbank realm, such as crevasse-splay deposits, has not been studied at the delta scale or at the Holocene timescale. Such knowledge would be beneficial for understanding and explaining sediment distribution in delta plains. This study addresses delta-scale distribution of sand-containing basin fills and their sand-body proportion variability, based on eight valleywide cross
Peat and gyttja (organic lake sediment) are important indicators for past environmental condition... more Peat and gyttja (organic lake sediment) are important indicators for past environmental conditions; they form in areas where the supply of clastic sediment is insufficient to fill the accommodation space. Previous studies of delta sediments, however, have focused mainly on clastic deposits, whereas organics have received only minimal attention. Identification of organic facies can be of value for understanding delta formation as it provides insight into, for example, palaeoenvironmental conditions and compaction susceptibility of these layers. Currently, however, field characteristics of organics are not well-documented for the full range of facies present in delta plains. In this study, a field method – a classification key – for identifying organic facies in delta plains was developed based on concisely described organic facies in selected cores from the Rhine-Meuse delta, The Netherlands. This method was tested on archived borehole descriptions of the diachronous basal peat layer...
... Jakob Wallinga a , Corresponding Author Contact Information , E-mail The Corresponding Author... more ... Jakob Wallinga a , Corresponding Author Contact Information , E-mail The Corresponding Author and Ingwer J. Bos b , c. ... fluvial transport may be too limited to completely reset the OSL signal prior to deposition and burial in the fluvio-lacustrine environment ([Fiebig and Preusser ...
ABSTRACT The quantitative significance of coarse-grained deposits in the overbank realm, such as ... more ABSTRACT The quantitative significance of coarse-grained deposits in the overbank realm, such as crevasse-splay deposits, has not been studied at the delta scale or at the Holocene timescale. Such knowledge would be beneficial for understanding and explaining sediment distribution in delta plains. This study addresses delta-scale distribution of sand-containing basin fills and their sand-body proportion variability, based on eight valleywide cross sections in the Holocene Rhine- Meuse delta in the Netherlands. We found that sand-containing basin fills form 7.1% of the fluviodeltaic wedge, of which splay deposits are most frequently observed midway between the delta apex and the coast. Organic-clastic lake fills and bay-head delta deposits, in contrast, are limited to the distal delta plain. Over four successive periods (between 9000 and 800 cal yr BP), the largest proportions of splay deposits remain at 50–150 km downstream of the upstream-shifting delta apex. We show that intermediate floodbasin widths (between 3.1 and 3.6 km in the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta) yield the highest proportions of splay deposits. High rates of base-level rise and wide floodplains both facilitate the creation of accommodation, which in turn provides conditions for peat-forming wetlands in which organic-clastic lake fills can develop. The results show that sand bodies form 26%–30% of sand-containing basin fills. This proportion is shown to be controlled by, among other variables, channel planform and superelevation of the trunk channel and substrate composition. We conclude that potentially large volumes of nonchannel sand bodies exist in distal delta plains. They constitute up to 39% of the reservoir volume in the distal Rhine-Meuse delta and yield relatively high connectedness ratios.
ABSTRACT Lakes are prominent features in distal zones of delta plains. Organic-clastic lake fills... more ABSTRACT Lakes are prominent features in distal zones of delta plains. Organic-clastic lake fills may form in these lakes, which include gyttja and lacustrine deltas. Understanding of the geometrical properties, the facies distribution, and the origin of organic-elastic lake fills is limited. Knowledge of their development and composition, however, will improve our fundamental understanding of both sediment distribution in and evolution of distal delta plains. Furthermore, organic-elastic lake fills potentially form connectors in hydrocarbon reservoirs. This study aims to describe and explain the characteristics of organic-elastic lake fills and thereby to contribute to the understanding of delta evolution, especially of distal delta plains. A field study conducted in the Schoonhoven and Angstel-Vecht areas, located in the distal part of the Rhine-Meuse delta, the Netherlands, indicates that organic-elastic lake fills developed in peat-bounded lakes after an avulsion initiated fluvial sedimentation. The characteristics of organic-elastic lake fills, such as geometry, sedimentary facies, and sedimentation rates, were both qualitatively and quantitatively determined by cross sections, geomorphogenetic maps, and logs. The results show that in the Angstel-Vecht area as much as 30% of the fluvial-sand volume is stored in organic-clastic lake fills. This contrasts to the general notion that overbank deposits do not contain significant portions of sand. Further, the lacustrine setting often results in vertically bounded sediment bodies that include gyttja and underlies elastic depositional fades, which show a prominent coarsening-upward succession. It is concluded that the presence of organic-elastic lake fills enlarges the reservoir capacity of ancient fluvio-deltaic successions as they contribute to the reservoir volume and also can form connectors between isolated channel-belt sand bodies.
ABSTRACT Lakes are prominent features in distal zones of delta plains. Organic-clastic lake fills... more ABSTRACT Lakes are prominent features in distal zones of delta plains. Organic-clastic lake fills may form in these lakes, which include gyttja and lacustrine deltas. Understanding of the geometrical properties, the facies distribution, and the origin of organic-elastic lake fills is limited. Knowledge of their development and composition, however, will improve our fundamental understanding of both sediment distribution in and evolution of distal delta plains. Furthermore, organic-elastic lake fills potentially form connectors in hydrocarbon reservoirs. This study aims to describe and explain the characteristics of organic-elastic lake fills and thereby to contribute to the understanding of delta evolution, especially of distal delta plains. A field study conducted in the Schoonhoven and Angstel-Vecht areas, located in the distal part of the Rhine-Meuse delta, the Netherlands, indicates that organic-elastic lake fills developed in peat-bounded lakes after an avulsion initiated fluvial sedimentation. The characteristics of organic-elastic lake fills, such as geometry, sedimentary facies, and sedimentation rates, were both qualitatively and quantitatively determined by cross sections, geomorphogenetic maps, and logs. The results show that in the Angstel-Vecht area as much as 30% of the fluvial-sand volume is stored in organic-clastic lake fills. This contrasts to the general notion that overbank deposits do not contain significant portions of sand. Further, the lacustrine setting often results in vertically bounded sediment bodies that include gyttja and underlies elastic depositional fades, which show a prominent coarsening-upward succession. It is concluded that the presence of organic-elastic lake fills enlarges the reservoir capacity of ancient fluvio-deltaic successions as they contribute to the reservoir volume and also can form connectors between isolated channel-belt sand bodies.
Organic–clastic lake fills, which include lacustrine deltas, are prominent architectural elements... more Organic–clastic lake fills, which include lacustrine deltas, are prominent architectural elements in the distal zone of delta plains. We hypothesize that lakes and fossil lake fills affect the development of a fluvial distributary channel. To test this hypothesis, a Holocene palaeogeographic reconstruction is presented of the Angstel–Vecht area, The Netherlands based on a geomorphogenetic map, lithogenetic cross sections, microfossil analyses, and various dating methods (ie 14C-dating, OSL dating, pollen analyses and archaeological ...
ABSTRACT The quantitative significance of coarse-grained deposits in the overbank realm, such as ... more ABSTRACT The quantitative significance of coarse-grained deposits in the overbank realm, such as crevasse-splay deposits, has not been studied at the delta scale or at the Holocene timescale. Such knowledge would be beneficial for understanding and explaining sediment distribution in delta plains. This study addresses delta-scale distribution of sand-containing basin fills and their sand-body proportion variability, based on eight valleywide cross sections in the Holocene Rhine- Meuse delta in the Netherlands. We found that sand-containing basin fills form 7.1% of the fluviodeltaic wedge, of which splay deposits are most frequently observed midway between the delta apex and the coast. Organic-clastic lake fills and bay-head delta deposits, in contrast, are limited to the distal delta plain. Over four successive periods (between 9000 and 800 cal yr BP), the largest proportions of splay deposits remain at 50–150 km downstream of the upstream-shifting delta apex. We show that intermediate floodbasin widths (between 3.1 and 3.6 km in the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta) yield the highest proportions of splay deposits. High rates of base-level rise and wide floodplains both facilitate the creation of accommodation, which in turn provides conditions for peat-forming wetlands in which organic-clastic lake fills can develop. The results show that sand bodies form 26%–30% of sand-containing basin fills. This proportion is shown to be controlled by, among other variables, channel planform and superelevation of the trunk channel and substrate composition. We conclude that potentially large volumes of nonchannel sand bodies exist in distal delta plains. They constitute up to 39% of the reservoir volume in the distal Rhine-Meuse delta and yield relatively high connectedness ratios.
In the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta, the geography, architecture, and chronology of the channel bel... more In the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta, the geography, architecture, and chronology of the channel belts and their flood basins is known in exceptional high detail. This is due to a long history of intensive geological, geomorphological, and archeological research by various universities and knowledge institutes and archaeological consultancy companies. A first reconstruction showing the build-up and palaeogeographical development of the delta in 500 year time-slices was published in 2001 by Berendsen and Stouthamer. The mapping turned out to be of great value for academic and applied studies in archaeology, hydrology, and sedimentary geology. Now, more than a decade later, knowledge of the evolving delta river network has majorly grown in both coverage and accuracy.
Organic–clastic lake fills, which include lacustrine deltas, are prominent architectural elements... more Organic–clastic lake fills, which include lacustrine deltas, are prominent architectural elements in the distal zone of delta plains. We hypothesize that lakes and fossil lake fills affect the development of a fluvial distributary channel. To test this hypothesis, a Holocene palaeogeographic reconstruction is presented of the Angstel–Vecht area, The Netherlands based on a geomorphogenetic map, lithogenetic cross sections, microfossil analyses, and various dating methods (ie 14C-dating, OSL dating, pollen analyses and archaeological ...
The quantitative significance of coarse-grained deposits in the overbank realm, such as crevasse-... more The quantitative significance of coarse-grained deposits in the overbank realm, such as crevasse-splay deposits, has not been studied at the delta scale or at the Holocene timescale. Such knowledge would be beneficial for understanding and explaining sediment distribution in delta plains. This study addresses delta-scale distribution of sand-containing basin fills and their sand-body proportion variability, based on eight valleywide cross
Peat and gyttja (organic lake sediment) are important indicators for past environmental condition... more Peat and gyttja (organic lake sediment) are important indicators for past environmental conditions; they form in areas where the supply of clastic sediment is insufficient to fill the accommodation space. Previous studies of delta sediments, however, have focused mainly on clastic deposits, whereas organics have received only minimal attention. Identification of organic facies can be of value for understanding delta formation as it provides insight into, for example, palaeoenvironmental conditions and compaction susceptibility of these layers. Currently, however, field characteristics of organics are not well-documented for the full range of facies present in delta plains. In this study, a field method – a classification key – for identifying organic facies in delta plains was developed based on concisely described organic facies in selected cores from the Rhine-Meuse delta, The Netherlands. This method was tested on archived borehole descriptions of the diachronous basal peat layer...
... Jakob Wallinga a , Corresponding Author Contact Information , E-mail The Corresponding Author... more ... Jakob Wallinga a , Corresponding Author Contact Information , E-mail The Corresponding Author and Ingwer J. Bos b , c. ... fluvial transport may be too limited to completely reset the OSL signal prior to deposition and burial in the fluvio-lacustrine environment ([Fiebig and Preusser ...
ABSTRACT The quantitative significance of coarse-grained deposits in the overbank realm, such as ... more ABSTRACT The quantitative significance of coarse-grained deposits in the overbank realm, such as crevasse-splay deposits, has not been studied at the delta scale or at the Holocene timescale. Such knowledge would be beneficial for understanding and explaining sediment distribution in delta plains. This study addresses delta-scale distribution of sand-containing basin fills and their sand-body proportion variability, based on eight valleywide cross sections in the Holocene Rhine- Meuse delta in the Netherlands. We found that sand-containing basin fills form 7.1% of the fluviodeltaic wedge, of which splay deposits are most frequently observed midway between the delta apex and the coast. Organic-clastic lake fills and bay-head delta deposits, in contrast, are limited to the distal delta plain. Over four successive periods (between 9000 and 800 cal yr BP), the largest proportions of splay deposits remain at 50–150 km downstream of the upstream-shifting delta apex. We show that intermediate floodbasin widths (between 3.1 and 3.6 km in the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta) yield the highest proportions of splay deposits. High rates of base-level rise and wide floodplains both facilitate the creation of accommodation, which in turn provides conditions for peat-forming wetlands in which organic-clastic lake fills can develop. The results show that sand bodies form 26%–30% of sand-containing basin fills. This proportion is shown to be controlled by, among other variables, channel planform and superelevation of the trunk channel and substrate composition. We conclude that potentially large volumes of nonchannel sand bodies exist in distal delta plains. They constitute up to 39% of the reservoir volume in the distal Rhine-Meuse delta and yield relatively high connectedness ratios.
ABSTRACT Lakes are prominent features in distal zones of delta plains. Organic-clastic lake fills... more ABSTRACT Lakes are prominent features in distal zones of delta plains. Organic-clastic lake fills may form in these lakes, which include gyttja and lacustrine deltas. Understanding of the geometrical properties, the facies distribution, and the origin of organic-elastic lake fills is limited. Knowledge of their development and composition, however, will improve our fundamental understanding of both sediment distribution in and evolution of distal delta plains. Furthermore, organic-elastic lake fills potentially form connectors in hydrocarbon reservoirs. This study aims to describe and explain the characteristics of organic-elastic lake fills and thereby to contribute to the understanding of delta evolution, especially of distal delta plains. A field study conducted in the Schoonhoven and Angstel-Vecht areas, located in the distal part of the Rhine-Meuse delta, the Netherlands, indicates that organic-elastic lake fills developed in peat-bounded lakes after an avulsion initiated fluvial sedimentation. The characteristics of organic-elastic lake fills, such as geometry, sedimentary facies, and sedimentation rates, were both qualitatively and quantitatively determined by cross sections, geomorphogenetic maps, and logs. The results show that in the Angstel-Vecht area as much as 30% of the fluvial-sand volume is stored in organic-clastic lake fills. This contrasts to the general notion that overbank deposits do not contain significant portions of sand. Further, the lacustrine setting often results in vertically bounded sediment bodies that include gyttja and underlies elastic depositional fades, which show a prominent coarsening-upward succession. It is concluded that the presence of organic-elastic lake fills enlarges the reservoir capacity of ancient fluvio-deltaic successions as they contribute to the reservoir volume and also can form connectors between isolated channel-belt sand bodies.
ABSTRACT Lakes are prominent features in distal zones of delta plains. Organic-clastic lake fills... more ABSTRACT Lakes are prominent features in distal zones of delta plains. Organic-clastic lake fills may form in these lakes, which include gyttja and lacustrine deltas. Understanding of the geometrical properties, the facies distribution, and the origin of organic-elastic lake fills is limited. Knowledge of their development and composition, however, will improve our fundamental understanding of both sediment distribution in and evolution of distal delta plains. Furthermore, organic-elastic lake fills potentially form connectors in hydrocarbon reservoirs. This study aims to describe and explain the characteristics of organic-elastic lake fills and thereby to contribute to the understanding of delta evolution, especially of distal delta plains. A field study conducted in the Schoonhoven and Angstel-Vecht areas, located in the distal part of the Rhine-Meuse delta, the Netherlands, indicates that organic-elastic lake fills developed in peat-bounded lakes after an avulsion initiated fluvial sedimentation. The characteristics of organic-elastic lake fills, such as geometry, sedimentary facies, and sedimentation rates, were both qualitatively and quantitatively determined by cross sections, geomorphogenetic maps, and logs. The results show that in the Angstel-Vecht area as much as 30% of the fluvial-sand volume is stored in organic-clastic lake fills. This contrasts to the general notion that overbank deposits do not contain significant portions of sand. Further, the lacustrine setting often results in vertically bounded sediment bodies that include gyttja and underlies elastic depositional fades, which show a prominent coarsening-upward succession. It is concluded that the presence of organic-elastic lake fills enlarges the reservoir capacity of ancient fluvio-deltaic successions as they contribute to the reservoir volume and also can form connectors between isolated channel-belt sand bodies.
Organic–clastic lake fills, which include lacustrine deltas, are prominent architectural elements... more Organic–clastic lake fills, which include lacustrine deltas, are prominent architectural elements in the distal zone of delta plains. We hypothesize that lakes and fossil lake fills affect the development of a fluvial distributary channel. To test this hypothesis, a Holocene palaeogeographic reconstruction is presented of the Angstel–Vecht area, The Netherlands based on a geomorphogenetic map, lithogenetic cross sections, microfossil analyses, and various dating methods (ie 14C-dating, OSL dating, pollen analyses and archaeological ...
ABSTRACT The quantitative significance of coarse-grained deposits in the overbank realm, such as ... more ABSTRACT The quantitative significance of coarse-grained deposits in the overbank realm, such as crevasse-splay deposits, has not been studied at the delta scale or at the Holocene timescale. Such knowledge would be beneficial for understanding and explaining sediment distribution in delta plains. This study addresses delta-scale distribution of sand-containing basin fills and their sand-body proportion variability, based on eight valleywide cross sections in the Holocene Rhine- Meuse delta in the Netherlands. We found that sand-containing basin fills form 7.1% of the fluviodeltaic wedge, of which splay deposits are most frequently observed midway between the delta apex and the coast. Organic-clastic lake fills and bay-head delta deposits, in contrast, are limited to the distal delta plain. Over four successive periods (between 9000 and 800 cal yr BP), the largest proportions of splay deposits remain at 50–150 km downstream of the upstream-shifting delta apex. We show that intermediate floodbasin widths (between 3.1 and 3.6 km in the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta) yield the highest proportions of splay deposits. High rates of base-level rise and wide floodplains both facilitate the creation of accommodation, which in turn provides conditions for peat-forming wetlands in which organic-clastic lake fills can develop. The results show that sand bodies form 26%–30% of sand-containing basin fills. This proportion is shown to be controlled by, among other variables, channel planform and superelevation of the trunk channel and substrate composition. We conclude that potentially large volumes of nonchannel sand bodies exist in distal delta plains. They constitute up to 39% of the reservoir volume in the distal Rhine-Meuse delta and yield relatively high connectedness ratios.
In the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta, the geography, architecture, and chronology of the channel bel... more In the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta, the geography, architecture, and chronology of the channel belts and their flood basins is known in exceptional high detail. This is due to a long history of intensive geological, geomorphological, and archeological research by various universities and knowledge institutes and archaeological consultancy companies.
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Papers by Ingwer Bos
flood basins is known in exceptional high detail. This is due
to a long history of intensive geological, geomorphological,
and archeological research by various universities and knowledge institutes and archaeological consultancy companies.