The Journal of Tehran University Heart Center, 2007
Background: Marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been heralded as a source of great ... more Background: Marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been heralded as a source of great promise for the regeneration of the infarcted heart. There are no clear data as to whether or not in vitro differentiation of MSCs into major myocardial cells can increase the beneficial effects of MSCs. The aim of this study was to address this issue. Methods: To induce MSCs to transdifferentiate into cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, 5-Azacytidine and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were used, respectively. Myocardial infarction in rabbits was generated by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. The animals were divided into three experimental groups: I) control group, II) undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cell transplantation group, and III) differentiated mesenchymal stem cell transplantation group. The three groups received peri-infarct injections of culture media, autologous undifferentiated MSCs, and autologous differentiated MSCs, respectively. Echoca...
Inverted Follicular Keratosis (IFK) a benign tumor of skin appendages which is mostly presented a... more Inverted Follicular Keratosis (IFK) a benign tumor of skin appendages which is mostly presented as a solitary nodule with keratotic or scaling surface on the face of a middle aged or old patients but it can develop in other parts of the body. Different studies have lead to development of different theories about the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in this kind of skin tumor. The purpose of this study is to determine the probable role of HPV in this lesion. In a cross-sectional study, we selected all the samples with the diagnosis of IFK referred to pathology department of Farabi Eye Hospital, from April 1995 to April 2006. All these samples were evaluated for histopathologic changes specific for HPV. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed using antibody against HPV common antigen. The age range of the patients was 37 to 78 years (Mean=53). 18 patients (58%) were males and 13 patients (42%) were females. The lesion can develop in deferent areas of eyelid. Histopathologi...
Background and Objective: The association of EBV with Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) has been intensely in... more Background and Objective: The association of EBV with Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) has been intensely investigated over the last few years. EBV is also associated with several other malignancies. On the other hand, Ki67 molecule serves as a widely accepted proliferation marker. Several studies were previously performed about the expression of Ki67 in HD. This study tried to detect the correlation between Ki67 expressions with chronic EBV infection in HD patients of Iran by attenuating confounding factors. Materials and Methods: Hodgkin patients were divided into two groups regarding their EBV infection status. The case and control groups were matched for the stage of the disease. Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect Ki67 expression while DNA extraction and PCR amplification were performed to indicate chronic EBV infection. Results: Clinicopathologic criteria of two groups including male to female ratio, age, presence of B symptoms, and pathologic subtypes were not significantly ...
Background: Because of the decreasing effect of metformin on insulin resistance, it has been sugg... more Background: Because of the decreasing effect of metformin on insulin resistance, it has been suggested as an anti-obesity and anti-cancer drug. So, we aimed to study the effect of metformin therapy on tumor cell proliferation in non-diabetic breast cancer patients. Methods: We conducted a prospective clinical trial and studied the effect of metformin therapy on the level of Ki67 as a measure of tumor cell proliferation. Our primary endpoint was to evaluate the changes in Ki67. The intervention group consisted of 25 non-diabetic breast cancer patients with no indication for neoadjuvant chemotherapy. They were followed up from the time of biopsy to operation. Metformin (1500 mg/day) was prescribed in the intervention group from the date of diagnosis until the surgery (2.8 weeks). Controls were 20 early breast cancer patients who had been followed up with no prescription from biopsy until operation. Results: We could not find any statistically significant difference between the two gro...
Background The persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in... more Background The persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in the body fluids of patients with the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may increase the potential risk of viral transmission. There is still uncertainty on whether the recommended quarantine duration is sufficient to reduce the risk of transmission. This study aimed to investigate the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the nasopharyngeal, blood, urine, and stool samples of patients with COVID-19. Methods In this hospital-based longitudinal study, 100 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were recruited between March 2020 and August 2020 in Guilan Province, north of Iran. Nasopharyngeal, blood, urine, and stool samples were obtained from each participant at the time of hospital admission, upon discharge, 1 week after discharge, and every 2 weeks until all samples were negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. A survival analysis was also p...
Abstract The SARS‐CoV‐2 virus has been rapidly spreading globally since December 2019, triggering... more Abstract The SARS‐CoV‐2 virus has been rapidly spreading globally since December 2019, triggering a pandemic, soon after its emergence. While Iran was among the first countries confronted with rapid spread of virus in February 2020, no real‐time SARS‐CoV‐2 whole‐genome tracking in early phase of outbreak was performed in the country. To address this issue, we provided 50 whole‐genome sequences of viral isolates ascertained from different geographical locations in Iran during March–July 2020. The corresponding analysis on origins, transmission dynamics and genetic diversity of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, represented at least two introductions of the virus into the country, constructing two major clusters defined as B.4 and B.1*. The first entry of the virus might have occurred around very late 2019/early 2020, as suggested by the time to the most recent common ancestor, followed by a rapid community transmission that led to dominancy of B.4 lineage in early epidemic till the end of June. Gradually, reduction in dominancy of B.4 occurred possibly as a result of other entries of the virus, followed by surge of B.1* lineages, as of mid‐May. Remarkably, variation tracking of the virus indicated the increase in frequency of D614G mutation, along with B.1* lineages, which showed continuity till October 2020. The increase in frequency of D614G mutation and B.1* lineages from mid‐May onwards predicts a rapid viral transmission that may push the country into a critical health situation followed by a considerable change in composition of viral lineages circulating in the country.
Background: Determining prognostic factors of endometrial cancer is important for the management ... more Background: Determining prognostic factors of endometrial cancer is important for the management of this disease. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the association between tumor- infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) expression in intra-tumoral inflammatory cells and clinicopathological features of endometrial carcinoma. Methods: This observational study was conducted on 56 patients who underwent hysterectomy with diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma and available 5-year follow-up data from 2006 to 2013 in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran. The TILs scoring was calculated based on the mean percentage of stroma occupied by mononuclear inflammatory cells at the invasive border of the tumor in H & E stained slides in 10 representative high-power fields. The mean number of CD3, CD8, and PD-1 positive lymphocytes in 10 high-power fields, as well as cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, were assessed. Results: TILs were significantly higher in endometrioid carcinoma compared to non-endometrioid carcinomas (P = 0.001). There was no significant association between TILs percentage, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and tumor grade (P > 0.05). High TILs tumors showed better prognosis (P = 0.046). On the immunohistochemical (IHC) study, TILs were higher in endometrioid tumors compared to non-endometrioid tumors (P < 0.05). The expression of PD-1 was higher in endometrioid tumors compared to non-endometrioid carcinomas (P = 0.001). The COX-2 expression was not associated with prognosis and the other clinicopathologic features. Conclusions: High TILs and PD-1 expression were associated with better prognosis in endometrial carcinoma. Endometrioid carcinomas had a higher TILs, CD3, CD8, and PD-1 lymphocytes. This study failed to identify a clinically significant cut off for these inflammatory biomarkers.
Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials, Jan 20, 2017
Decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM) based materials are routinely used for a variety of c... more Decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM) based materials are routinely used for a variety of clinical applications. Hereof, in vivo application of decellularized ovine small intestinal submucosal (DOSIS) layer as, a scaffold is yet to be investigated. In this study, the effectiveness of the DOSIS scaffold, with or without rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), in full-thickness wound healing of critical-sized defect was experimentally studied in a rat model. The experimental groups included; group I (control), group II (DOSIS), and group III (BM-MSCs-seeded DOSIS). Wound healing of all groups was examined and compared clinically and histopathologically on days 7, 14, and 21 postoperation. Our results represented BM-MSCs-seeded DOSIS accelerated wound contraction and healing compared to both the DOSIS alone and control groups. Epithelization was close to completion 21 days postoperation in DOSIS alone. In OSIS with BM-MSCs group, epithelization was faster and had fully ...
International journal of hematology-oncology and stem cell research, 2017
Background: Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) have a more aggressive course and are associate... more Background: Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) have a more aggressive course and are associated with poorer prognosis in comparison with other subtypes of breast cancer. One of the most common subtypes of TNBC is basal-like. The aim of this study was to investigate clinicopathological characteristics and clinical course of TNBC in Iranian women and compare them with other studies. Subjects and Methods: Between March 2009 and February 2011, patients with breast cancer in Cancer Institute of Iran were selected and then followed-up for 2 years. Paraffin-embedded tumor block of all TNBC patients were evaluated for CK5/6 and EGFR using IHC method. Results: Among 267 breast cancer patients, 60 cases with TNBC were identified (22.5%), 31 patients (51.7%) had basal-like and 29 patients (48.3%) had non-basal-like tumors. The median age of participants with TNBC was 49.6 years. Among our patients, 70% had positive lymph nodes.93.4% of all patients at the time of diagnosis were stage II or ...
Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials, Jan 22, 2017
Extracellular matrix-based scaffolds derived from mammalian tissues have been used in tissue engi... more Extracellular matrix-based scaffolds derived from mammalian tissues have been used in tissue engineering applications. Among all the tissues, decellularized small intestine submucosal layer (SIS) has been recently investigated for its exceptional characteristics and biocompatibilities. These investigations have been mainly focused on the decellularized porcine SIS; however, there has not been any report on ovine SIS (OSIS) layer. In this study, OSIS was decellularized and its physical, chemical, and morphological properties were evaluated. Decellularization was carried out using chemical reagents and various physical conditions. The effects of different conditions were evaluated on histological and biomechanical properties, quality of residual DNA, GAPDH gene expression, and biocompatibility. Results revealed satisfactory decellularization of OSIS which could be due to its thin thickness. Mechanical properties, structural form, and glycosaminoglycan contents were preserved in all th...
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology, 2016
Cirrhosis, a common consequence of chronic liver inflammation is associated with various cardiova... more Cirrhosis, a common consequence of chronic liver inflammation is associated with various cardiovascular dysfunctions which are called cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CC). Among the various possible causes of CC, apoptosis is considered to have a pivotal role. To explore the contribution of endogenous opioids in the apoptosis process in a rat model of CC. Four genes were selected to cover both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis. Cardiac samples from 4 groups of rats were evaluated. Two groups were cirrhotic through bile duct ligation (BDL) receiving either naltrexone (BDL-naltrexone) or saline (BDL-saline), two others were normal rats as sham groups receiving either naltrexone (sham-naltrexone) or saline (sham-saline). Expression level of BCL2, Caspase3, Fas and FasL was explored in all groups using reverse transcriptase real-time PCR. BDL-saline group showed significant over-expression of BCL2, caspase3 and Fas. BCL2 expression was 1.44 (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) and caspasse3 was 1.35 (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) times higher than sham-saline group, Fas was also overexpressed 1.3 (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) times higher than BDL-naltrexone group and 1.91 (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) compared to sham-naltrexone group. Caspase3 expression was 1.35 (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) folds higher than sham-naltrexone group. The expression pattern of FasL revealed no statistically significant change among study groups. Fas molecule enrollment during CC is a novel finding. Fas molecule is activated during cirrhosis through elevated levels of endogenous opioids. This pathway is one of the leading causes of CC. Our findings also demonstrated the protective role of naltrexone as opioids antagonist on cardiomyocytes in a rat model of CC.
This chapter provides an overview of mostly malignant tumors of various organs with focus on the ... more This chapter provides an overview of mostly malignant tumors of various organs with focus on the most common types. The authors have used their own experience in addition to literature review and have discussed the most common and useful Immunohistochemistry markers in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of various malignant tumors. Novel prognostic markers are also included.
Lithium-induced thyroid abnormalities have been documented in many studies. They may occur despit... more Lithium-induced thyroid abnormalities have been documented in many studies. They may occur despite normal plasma lithium levels. The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine possible relationship between lithium ratio, defined as erythrocyte lithium concentrations divided by plasma lithium concentrations, and thyroid abnormalities in bipolar patients receiving lithium and 2) to find other possible risk factors for developing thyroid abnormalities in the subjects. Sixty-eight bipolar patients receiving lithium therapy were enrolled in a cross-sectional evaluation of thyroid function test and thyroid size. Patients were divided into two groups based on their thyroid function tests and thyroid sizes. Erythrocyte and plasma lithium concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry for each patient. Lithium ratio was then calculated. No significant differences were found between age, positive family history of affective disorder, plasma lithium concentration, erythro...
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer with second mortality rate in women worldwide. Lack of ... more Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer with second mortality rate in women worldwide. Lack of validated biomarkers for early detection of breast cancer to warranty the diagnosis and effective treatments in early stages has directed to the new therapeutic approach. Cancer/testis antigens which have restricted normal expression in testis and aberrant expression in different cancers are promising targets for generating cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, or dendritic cell-based immunotherapy. In this context, we investigated the expression of two known cancer testis genes, Aurora kinase C (AURKC) and testis expressed 101 (TEX101), and one new candidate, deleted in azoospermia 1 (DAZ1), in six breast cancer cell lines including two ductal carcinomas, T47D and BT-474, and four adenocarcinomas, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, MCF7, and SKBR3 as well as 50 breast cancer tumors in comparison to normal mammary epithelial cells using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Results showed significant overexpression (p = 0.000) of all three genes in BT474, DAZ1 in MDA-MB-231, and AURKC and DAZ1 in SKBR3 and significant downregulation (p = 0.000) of AURKC in MCF7 cell line relative to normal breast epithelial cells. Breast tumors showed significant overexpression of AURKC in comparison to normal breast tissues (p = 0.016). The results are noticeable especially in the case of AURKC; however, there is a little knowledge about the nature, causes, consequences, and effects of cancer/testis antigens activation in different cancers. It is suggested that AURKC has effects on cell division via its serin/threonin kinases activity and organizing microtubules in relation to centrosome/spindle function during mitosis.
Introduction: Microvillous inclusion disease (MVD) or microvillous atrophy disorder is a congenit... more Introduction: Microvillous inclusion disease (MVD) or microvillous atrophy disorder is a congenital disorder of the small intestinal epithelial cells that presents with persistent and severe diarrhea and it is characterized by enterocytes abnormalities [1]. For these children, prognosis is generally poor due to metabolic acidosis with poor compensation. To our experiment, this disease is very rare in Iran and it is yet unreported, so we decided to report two consecutive siblings with the same disease from Iran. Report of Cases: Two siblings were born to healthy parents. Parents were cousins. Both siblings were hospitalized due to severe diarrhea starting shortly after breast feeding. The frequency of diarrhea in both cases was 10 to 17 times per day and their stools were loose and green. Histological studies of both siblings revealed duodenal mucosa with complete flattening of villi (total villous atrophy). Superficial lining cells showed atrophy. Crypts showed no hyperplasia, however it showed distortion and difference in size. By PAS staining and CD10 staining, a poorly developed brush border and typical inclusions were seen in apical boarder of enterocytes. Electron microscopy was performed for the second case and showed microvillous involution and inclusions in the apical part of the epithelial cells. Discussion: Microvillous congenital atrophy is a rare congenital disorder. Due to rareness of congenital microvillous atrophy (CMA), it is crucial to distinguish it from other diseases with persistent and severe diarrhea as soon as possible.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes infertility in male patients through erectile dysfunction, ejacul... more Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes infertility in male patients through erectile dysfunction, ejaculatory dysfunction, semen and hormone abnormalities. Oxidative stress (OS) is involved in poor semen quality and subsequent infertility in males with SCI. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of SCI on the level of testosterone hormone. In this experimental study, we evaluated the effects of exogenous testosterone on the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonylation (PCO), as markers of OS, in 10 groups of SCI mice. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was determined using the 2,29-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation assay. Exogenous testosterone administration in mice with SCI significantly reduced SOD and GPx enzyme activities and MDA level. There was no significant decrease in PCO content. In addition, TAC remarkably incr...
The Journal of Tehran University Heart Center, 2007
Background: Marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been heralded as a source of great ... more Background: Marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been heralded as a source of great promise for the regeneration of the infarcted heart. There are no clear data as to whether or not in vitro differentiation of MSCs into major myocardial cells can increase the beneficial effects of MSCs. The aim of this study was to address this issue. Methods: To induce MSCs to transdifferentiate into cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, 5-Azacytidine and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were used, respectively. Myocardial infarction in rabbits was generated by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. The animals were divided into three experimental groups: I) control group, II) undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cell transplantation group, and III) differentiated mesenchymal stem cell transplantation group. The three groups received peri-infarct injections of culture media, autologous undifferentiated MSCs, and autologous differentiated MSCs, respectively. Echoca...
Inverted Follicular Keratosis (IFK) a benign tumor of skin appendages which is mostly presented a... more Inverted Follicular Keratosis (IFK) a benign tumor of skin appendages which is mostly presented as a solitary nodule with keratotic or scaling surface on the face of a middle aged or old patients but it can develop in other parts of the body. Different studies have lead to development of different theories about the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in this kind of skin tumor. The purpose of this study is to determine the probable role of HPV in this lesion. In a cross-sectional study, we selected all the samples with the diagnosis of IFK referred to pathology department of Farabi Eye Hospital, from April 1995 to April 2006. All these samples were evaluated for histopathologic changes specific for HPV. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed using antibody against HPV common antigen. The age range of the patients was 37 to 78 years (Mean=53). 18 patients (58%) were males and 13 patients (42%) were females. The lesion can develop in deferent areas of eyelid. Histopathologi...
Background and Objective: The association of EBV with Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) has been intensely in... more Background and Objective: The association of EBV with Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) has been intensely investigated over the last few years. EBV is also associated with several other malignancies. On the other hand, Ki67 molecule serves as a widely accepted proliferation marker. Several studies were previously performed about the expression of Ki67 in HD. This study tried to detect the correlation between Ki67 expressions with chronic EBV infection in HD patients of Iran by attenuating confounding factors. Materials and Methods: Hodgkin patients were divided into two groups regarding their EBV infection status. The case and control groups were matched for the stage of the disease. Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect Ki67 expression while DNA extraction and PCR amplification were performed to indicate chronic EBV infection. Results: Clinicopathologic criteria of two groups including male to female ratio, age, presence of B symptoms, and pathologic subtypes were not significantly ...
Background: Because of the decreasing effect of metformin on insulin resistance, it has been sugg... more Background: Because of the decreasing effect of metformin on insulin resistance, it has been suggested as an anti-obesity and anti-cancer drug. So, we aimed to study the effect of metformin therapy on tumor cell proliferation in non-diabetic breast cancer patients. Methods: We conducted a prospective clinical trial and studied the effect of metformin therapy on the level of Ki67 as a measure of tumor cell proliferation. Our primary endpoint was to evaluate the changes in Ki67. The intervention group consisted of 25 non-diabetic breast cancer patients with no indication for neoadjuvant chemotherapy. They were followed up from the time of biopsy to operation. Metformin (1500 mg/day) was prescribed in the intervention group from the date of diagnosis until the surgery (2.8 weeks). Controls were 20 early breast cancer patients who had been followed up with no prescription from biopsy until operation. Results: We could not find any statistically significant difference between the two gro...
Background The persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in... more Background The persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in the body fluids of patients with the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may increase the potential risk of viral transmission. There is still uncertainty on whether the recommended quarantine duration is sufficient to reduce the risk of transmission. This study aimed to investigate the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the nasopharyngeal, blood, urine, and stool samples of patients with COVID-19. Methods In this hospital-based longitudinal study, 100 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were recruited between March 2020 and August 2020 in Guilan Province, north of Iran. Nasopharyngeal, blood, urine, and stool samples were obtained from each participant at the time of hospital admission, upon discharge, 1 week after discharge, and every 2 weeks until all samples were negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. A survival analysis was also p...
Abstract The SARS‐CoV‐2 virus has been rapidly spreading globally since December 2019, triggering... more Abstract The SARS‐CoV‐2 virus has been rapidly spreading globally since December 2019, triggering a pandemic, soon after its emergence. While Iran was among the first countries confronted with rapid spread of virus in February 2020, no real‐time SARS‐CoV‐2 whole‐genome tracking in early phase of outbreak was performed in the country. To address this issue, we provided 50 whole‐genome sequences of viral isolates ascertained from different geographical locations in Iran during March–July 2020. The corresponding analysis on origins, transmission dynamics and genetic diversity of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, represented at least two introductions of the virus into the country, constructing two major clusters defined as B.4 and B.1*. The first entry of the virus might have occurred around very late 2019/early 2020, as suggested by the time to the most recent common ancestor, followed by a rapid community transmission that led to dominancy of B.4 lineage in early epidemic till the end of June. Gradually, reduction in dominancy of B.4 occurred possibly as a result of other entries of the virus, followed by surge of B.1* lineages, as of mid‐May. Remarkably, variation tracking of the virus indicated the increase in frequency of D614G mutation, along with B.1* lineages, which showed continuity till October 2020. The increase in frequency of D614G mutation and B.1* lineages from mid‐May onwards predicts a rapid viral transmission that may push the country into a critical health situation followed by a considerable change in composition of viral lineages circulating in the country.
Background: Determining prognostic factors of endometrial cancer is important for the management ... more Background: Determining prognostic factors of endometrial cancer is important for the management of this disease. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the association between tumor- infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) expression in intra-tumoral inflammatory cells and clinicopathological features of endometrial carcinoma. Methods: This observational study was conducted on 56 patients who underwent hysterectomy with diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma and available 5-year follow-up data from 2006 to 2013 in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran. The TILs scoring was calculated based on the mean percentage of stroma occupied by mononuclear inflammatory cells at the invasive border of the tumor in H & E stained slides in 10 representative high-power fields. The mean number of CD3, CD8, and PD-1 positive lymphocytes in 10 high-power fields, as well as cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, were assessed. Results: TILs were significantly higher in endometrioid carcinoma compared to non-endometrioid carcinomas (P = 0.001). There was no significant association between TILs percentage, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and tumor grade (P > 0.05). High TILs tumors showed better prognosis (P = 0.046). On the immunohistochemical (IHC) study, TILs were higher in endometrioid tumors compared to non-endometrioid tumors (P < 0.05). The expression of PD-1 was higher in endometrioid tumors compared to non-endometrioid carcinomas (P = 0.001). The COX-2 expression was not associated with prognosis and the other clinicopathologic features. Conclusions: High TILs and PD-1 expression were associated with better prognosis in endometrial carcinoma. Endometrioid carcinomas had a higher TILs, CD3, CD8, and PD-1 lymphocytes. This study failed to identify a clinically significant cut off for these inflammatory biomarkers.
Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials, Jan 20, 2017
Decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM) based materials are routinely used for a variety of c... more Decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM) based materials are routinely used for a variety of clinical applications. Hereof, in vivo application of decellularized ovine small intestinal submucosal (DOSIS) layer as, a scaffold is yet to be investigated. In this study, the effectiveness of the DOSIS scaffold, with or without rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), in full-thickness wound healing of critical-sized defect was experimentally studied in a rat model. The experimental groups included; group I (control), group II (DOSIS), and group III (BM-MSCs-seeded DOSIS). Wound healing of all groups was examined and compared clinically and histopathologically on days 7, 14, and 21 postoperation. Our results represented BM-MSCs-seeded DOSIS accelerated wound contraction and healing compared to both the DOSIS alone and control groups. Epithelization was close to completion 21 days postoperation in DOSIS alone. In OSIS with BM-MSCs group, epithelization was faster and had fully ...
International journal of hematology-oncology and stem cell research, 2017
Background: Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) have a more aggressive course and are associate... more Background: Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) have a more aggressive course and are associated with poorer prognosis in comparison with other subtypes of breast cancer. One of the most common subtypes of TNBC is basal-like. The aim of this study was to investigate clinicopathological characteristics and clinical course of TNBC in Iranian women and compare them with other studies. Subjects and Methods: Between March 2009 and February 2011, patients with breast cancer in Cancer Institute of Iran were selected and then followed-up for 2 years. Paraffin-embedded tumor block of all TNBC patients were evaluated for CK5/6 and EGFR using IHC method. Results: Among 267 breast cancer patients, 60 cases with TNBC were identified (22.5%), 31 patients (51.7%) had basal-like and 29 patients (48.3%) had non-basal-like tumors. The median age of participants with TNBC was 49.6 years. Among our patients, 70% had positive lymph nodes.93.4% of all patients at the time of diagnosis were stage II or ...
Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials, Jan 22, 2017
Extracellular matrix-based scaffolds derived from mammalian tissues have been used in tissue engi... more Extracellular matrix-based scaffolds derived from mammalian tissues have been used in tissue engineering applications. Among all the tissues, decellularized small intestine submucosal layer (SIS) has been recently investigated for its exceptional characteristics and biocompatibilities. These investigations have been mainly focused on the decellularized porcine SIS; however, there has not been any report on ovine SIS (OSIS) layer. In this study, OSIS was decellularized and its physical, chemical, and morphological properties were evaluated. Decellularization was carried out using chemical reagents and various physical conditions. The effects of different conditions were evaluated on histological and biomechanical properties, quality of residual DNA, GAPDH gene expression, and biocompatibility. Results revealed satisfactory decellularization of OSIS which could be due to its thin thickness. Mechanical properties, structural form, and glycosaminoglycan contents were preserved in all th...
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology, 2016
Cirrhosis, a common consequence of chronic liver inflammation is associated with various cardiova... more Cirrhosis, a common consequence of chronic liver inflammation is associated with various cardiovascular dysfunctions which are called cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CC). Among the various possible causes of CC, apoptosis is considered to have a pivotal role. To explore the contribution of endogenous opioids in the apoptosis process in a rat model of CC. Four genes were selected to cover both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis. Cardiac samples from 4 groups of rats were evaluated. Two groups were cirrhotic through bile duct ligation (BDL) receiving either naltrexone (BDL-naltrexone) or saline (BDL-saline), two others were normal rats as sham groups receiving either naltrexone (sham-naltrexone) or saline (sham-saline). Expression level of BCL2, Caspase3, Fas and FasL was explored in all groups using reverse transcriptase real-time PCR. BDL-saline group showed significant over-expression of BCL2, caspase3 and Fas. BCL2 expression was 1.44 (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) and caspasse3 was 1.35 (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) times higher than sham-saline group, Fas was also overexpressed 1.3 (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) times higher than BDL-naltrexone group and 1.91 (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) compared to sham-naltrexone group. Caspase3 expression was 1.35 (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) folds higher than sham-naltrexone group. The expression pattern of FasL revealed no statistically significant change among study groups. Fas molecule enrollment during CC is a novel finding. Fas molecule is activated during cirrhosis through elevated levels of endogenous opioids. This pathway is one of the leading causes of CC. Our findings also demonstrated the protective role of naltrexone as opioids antagonist on cardiomyocytes in a rat model of CC.
This chapter provides an overview of mostly malignant tumors of various organs with focus on the ... more This chapter provides an overview of mostly malignant tumors of various organs with focus on the most common types. The authors have used their own experience in addition to literature review and have discussed the most common and useful Immunohistochemistry markers in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of various malignant tumors. Novel prognostic markers are also included.
Lithium-induced thyroid abnormalities have been documented in many studies. They may occur despit... more Lithium-induced thyroid abnormalities have been documented in many studies. They may occur despite normal plasma lithium levels. The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine possible relationship between lithium ratio, defined as erythrocyte lithium concentrations divided by plasma lithium concentrations, and thyroid abnormalities in bipolar patients receiving lithium and 2) to find other possible risk factors for developing thyroid abnormalities in the subjects. Sixty-eight bipolar patients receiving lithium therapy were enrolled in a cross-sectional evaluation of thyroid function test and thyroid size. Patients were divided into two groups based on their thyroid function tests and thyroid sizes. Erythrocyte and plasma lithium concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry for each patient. Lithium ratio was then calculated. No significant differences were found between age, positive family history of affective disorder, plasma lithium concentration, erythro...
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer with second mortality rate in women worldwide. Lack of ... more Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer with second mortality rate in women worldwide. Lack of validated biomarkers for early detection of breast cancer to warranty the diagnosis and effective treatments in early stages has directed to the new therapeutic approach. Cancer/testis antigens which have restricted normal expression in testis and aberrant expression in different cancers are promising targets for generating cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, or dendritic cell-based immunotherapy. In this context, we investigated the expression of two known cancer testis genes, Aurora kinase C (AURKC) and testis expressed 101 (TEX101), and one new candidate, deleted in azoospermia 1 (DAZ1), in six breast cancer cell lines including two ductal carcinomas, T47D and BT-474, and four adenocarcinomas, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, MCF7, and SKBR3 as well as 50 breast cancer tumors in comparison to normal mammary epithelial cells using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Results showed significant overexpression (p = 0.000) of all three genes in BT474, DAZ1 in MDA-MB-231, and AURKC and DAZ1 in SKBR3 and significant downregulation (p = 0.000) of AURKC in MCF7 cell line relative to normal breast epithelial cells. Breast tumors showed significant overexpression of AURKC in comparison to normal breast tissues (p = 0.016). The results are noticeable especially in the case of AURKC; however, there is a little knowledge about the nature, causes, consequences, and effects of cancer/testis antigens activation in different cancers. It is suggested that AURKC has effects on cell division via its serin/threonin kinases activity and organizing microtubules in relation to centrosome/spindle function during mitosis.
Introduction: Microvillous inclusion disease (MVD) or microvillous atrophy disorder is a congenit... more Introduction: Microvillous inclusion disease (MVD) or microvillous atrophy disorder is a congenital disorder of the small intestinal epithelial cells that presents with persistent and severe diarrhea and it is characterized by enterocytes abnormalities [1]. For these children, prognosis is generally poor due to metabolic acidosis with poor compensation. To our experiment, this disease is very rare in Iran and it is yet unreported, so we decided to report two consecutive siblings with the same disease from Iran. Report of Cases: Two siblings were born to healthy parents. Parents were cousins. Both siblings were hospitalized due to severe diarrhea starting shortly after breast feeding. The frequency of diarrhea in both cases was 10 to 17 times per day and their stools were loose and green. Histological studies of both siblings revealed duodenal mucosa with complete flattening of villi (total villous atrophy). Superficial lining cells showed atrophy. Crypts showed no hyperplasia, however it showed distortion and difference in size. By PAS staining and CD10 staining, a poorly developed brush border and typical inclusions were seen in apical boarder of enterocytes. Electron microscopy was performed for the second case and showed microvillous involution and inclusions in the apical part of the epithelial cells. Discussion: Microvillous congenital atrophy is a rare congenital disorder. Due to rareness of congenital microvillous atrophy (CMA), it is crucial to distinguish it from other diseases with persistent and severe diarrhea as soon as possible.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes infertility in male patients through erectile dysfunction, ejacul... more Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes infertility in male patients through erectile dysfunction, ejaculatory dysfunction, semen and hormone abnormalities. Oxidative stress (OS) is involved in poor semen quality and subsequent infertility in males with SCI. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of SCI on the level of testosterone hormone. In this experimental study, we evaluated the effects of exogenous testosterone on the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonylation (PCO), as markers of OS, in 10 groups of SCI mice. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was determined using the 2,29-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation assay. Exogenous testosterone administration in mice with SCI significantly reduced SOD and GPx enzyme activities and MDA level. There was no significant decrease in PCO content. In addition, TAC remarkably incr...
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