Papers by Ewaoche S U N D A Y Itodo
Asian Journal of Biological Sciences, 2023
Background and Objectives: Methicillin-resistant bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is known t... more Background and Objectives: Methicillin-resistant bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is known to cause serious infections with a wide range of severity and antibiotic susceptibility. The purpose of this study was to identify mecA and PVL genes in MRSA. Materials and Methods: Using standard bacteriological techniques, MRSA was isolated from clinical samples. The boiling method was used to extract genomic DNA. In an AB1970 applied biosystem thermal cycler, mecA and PVL were amplified. A total of 250 chemical specimens were collected, with urine samples, wound samples and endocervical swabs. Results: High vaginal swabs accounting for 136 (54.4%), 49 (19.6%), 4 (16%) and 25 (10), respectively. Of the 25 MRSA isolates, 11 (44%) came from urine, 10 (40%) from the wound, 4 (16%) from the higher vaginal swab and two from the endocervical swab. The MRSA was found in the highest concentrations in urine. The susceptibility pattern of MRSA isolates revealed that the organisms were highly resistant to Ampiclox 25 (100%), Amoxicillin 21 (84%), Streptomycin 19, (76%) and Gentamycin 5 (20%). None of the 25 MRSA isolates contained mecA or PVL genes. Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of continuously monitoring the methicillin resistance pattern of MRSA isolates, as well as the need for stringent infection control measures to prevent transmission and spread.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Focus on integrated health is a book written that covers the basic conditions for which healthcar... more Focus on integrated health is a book written that covers the basic conditions for which healthcare is sought in the world. Writing in the language the teens can understand, the writer reveals that sexually Transmitted Infections are central to the rising course of infertility in our society. The writer stands to disagree with the dictum that if you live long enough, all men will develop prostate cancer. He provides a useful guide to easy delivering as well as prevention and treatment of post-partum haemorrhage through the use of misoprostol. He asked a question, Abortion- who has a right? How do we prevent abortion, have the number of children that we can adequately cater for? Exclusive on cervical and prostate cancer is well taken care of in this edition. Pragmatic and natural ways of pre-selecting the sex of our baby are all encapsulated in this book in addition to other interesting health topics. A must read for all teenagers, parents, school guardians, nursing/ midwifery student...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Medicine and Clinical Science
LiveWell Initiative LWI, a self funded nonprofit social enterprise (www.livewellng.org) has, for ... more LiveWell Initiative LWI, a self funded nonprofit social enterprise (www.livewellng.org) has, for 5 years, supervised MPH and DrPH Practicums for the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston USA. It also supervises PhD thesis at University of Helsinki, Finland. The organization has repurposed quinine for use in moderate to severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) by compiling three sets of STUDY PROTOCOLS in response to the COVID-19 RESPONSE with a goal to arriving at a practical and affordable solution to the pandemic. The protocols underwent debates and hypothesis testing among physicians, researchers, pharmacists and virologists. The protocols, still undergoing random Physician–Patient Trials at the discretion of prescribing clinicians and clinical researchers, are as recommended in a compilation of recent findings by LiveWell Initiative LWI on COVID-19. It is a study protocol designed to ‘evolve’ as a solution to COVID-19 response. The protocols strongl...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Clinical Research: Open Access , 2021
Background: LiveWell Initiative LWI is a self-funded nonprofit social enterprise which thrives on... more Background: LiveWell Initiative LWI is a self-funded nonprofit social enterprise which thrives on innovation. The organization has, for 5 years, supervised MPH and Dr. PH Practicums for the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA. It also supervises PhD thesis at University of Helsinki, Finland. At the inception of COVID-19, LWI designed and compiled three (3) sets of study protocols in response to the COVID-19 response in Africa with a goal to arriving at a practical and affordable solution to the pandemic using 4-Aminoquinolines. Method: A concurrent cohort/descriptive study of observation in patients exposed to HCQ/CQ prophylaxis and treatment with HCQ/CQ and Quinine with categorization as specified as not critically ill, critically ill but not on a ventilator and critically ill on a ventilator. One hundred and twenty-three (123) subjects were categorized into shelter-in-place, self-quarantine and self-isolation (Not critically ill, critically ill but not on a ventilator and critically ill on a ventilator). The 4-Aminoquinolines were administered with macrolide and zinc sulphate as appropriate for a defined duration and doses. Results: The preliminary study of the 123 subjects covering all categories listed above resulted in 100% positive outcomes; nil death, nil relapse in symptomatic persons and total recovery with no relapse after 6 weeks lockdown, and asymptomatic persons post-prophylaxis, after 6 weeks lockdown. The results have been gathered principally from clinician reported outcomes with a few patient reported outcomes. Conclusion: These repurposed drugs with unique strengths- Chloroquine and its analogue Hydroxychloroquine as well Quinine, hold sway in the treatment of COVID-19.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Biotechnology Journal International , 2021
Background: The link between cervical lesions and human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18 is well es... more Background: The link between cervical lesions and human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18 is well established, but the magnitude of the risk of association and the importance of other high-risk hpv types is uncertain in Bayelsa state. Aims: The study was aimed at detecting and typing of cervical hpv among selected subjects, establish the relationship between cervical dysplasia and hpv and also asses the level of knowledge of hpv, perception and attitude of women in Bayelsa State. Materials and Methods: Questionnaires were used to assess the level of knowledge of hpv and cervical cancer. Papanicolaou stain for cervical cytology and Haematoxylin and Eosin stain used to study general tissue structure. Nested PCR was used to detect and multiplex PCR for typing. Results: The prevalence of hpv spectrum among participants was 52% while high risk hpv was 24%. Five (5) subtypes were identified. The subtypes identified were hpv 52(40.4%) most predominant, followed by 51(1.9%), 45(1.9%), 31(1.9%) and hpv 30 (9.6%). The age-specific prevalence showed a peak prevalence of 44.2% in the ages of 25-34 years and lowest in the age group (15-24years). Sequence alignment showed a single point mutation for hpv 45 and several points' mutation for hpv 52 at certain points of the sequenced nucleotides with Sequence no: 53CN12 and SeqH2011055303 and accession no: MG195999 and MG196000. HPV 52 was highest compared to previous studies, national and international. The level of knowledge on hpv infection and cancer of the cervix was low among subjects with a percentage score of 38.9%. Among other variables studied, life time sexual partners showed a statistically significant relationship in the prevalence of hpv (OR=0.02, P˂0.01). Perceived seriousness on hpv infection was high among hpv positive subjects compared with hpv negative participants (× =16.39, p ˂0.01). Conclusion: The emergence of hpv 52 in the study area requires public health attention and thus urgent need for local hpv vaccines production.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Academia, 2021
Amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic response, the use of masks has become a hardly debated controv... more Amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic response, the use of masks has become a hardly debated controversy. One side believes everyone should just wear masks claiming there are no downsides even though it might not be 100% effective. The other side believes that mandating mask is against our civil liberty and should not be forced on people. To go beyond the pro-and anti-dialectics we must adopt a systems approach to find the real problem to deliver the real solution. The systems science revealed that a reduction of gram-positive bacteria increases gram-negative bacteria notably Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythensis, Porphyromonas gingivalis in periodontal disease and gingival pockets. These microbes are the culprits in soft tissue loss, cytokine storm, and bone tissue loss experienced in the dysbiosis of the oral cavity. The key drivers of this conceivable transition are the pH and temperature. While wearing facemasks lower the pH and creates an acidic content in the mouth, a microenvironment around the mouth and nose is created which impacts the heat exchange favoring this conceivable transition. Systems science revealed an interconnection between masks and oral health. If there is a shift from a commensal to a pathogenic oral microbiome, it causes an imbalance of oral homeostasis, phenomenon called dysbiosis, which not only affects the mouth but other body sites.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of Human Virology & Retrovirology, 2020
In healthy individuals, the immune system processes pathogens with a natural immune response that... more In healthy individuals, the immune system processes pathogens with a natural immune response that is mild and non-lethal; however in those that are immune-compromisedelderly and those with pre-existing conditions- diabetes, high blood pressure, dysbiosis and chronic liver disease etc., their immune system may overreact; and in the case of COVID-19, attacking lung epithelial cells and tissues resulting in vitamin A deficiency which shrinks the epithelial cells. Continuous exposure to this chemical stressor by the virus will result in squamous keratinization of the skin, digestive tract, respiratory tract, genitourinary system etc. leading to symptoms of dry skin, diarrhoea, coughing, keratomalacia associated with coronavirus leading to hospitalization and mortality. The immune cells notably the macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells etc. become weakened and dysfunctional especially among the elderly with chronic diseases. Boosting the immune system holds sway for infectious diseases (COVID-19) and non-communicable diseases rather than the reductionist science of modern allopathic medicine.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Archives of Histology and cytology, 2014
The staining ability of Allium cepa (red onion) skin extract on tissue sections was
determined. ... more The staining ability of Allium cepa (red onion) skin extract on tissue sections was
determined. The dried red onion skin was ground into small pieces and 300g (150g
for aqueous and 150g for ethanolic extraction) of the milled dried red onion skin
was used for extraction. Dark red-pigmented granules were obtained. The aqueous
and ethanolic extract of mordanted (Potassium aluminum alum and ferric chloride),
non-mordanted and acidified solution prepared from the extract were used to stain
tissue sections. Cytoplasm of cells and connective tissues were remarkably stained
in shades of redish to yellowish brown colours. Preliminary phytochemical
screening of these extracts reveal that it contained alkaloid steroid ring, saponin,
Tannin, Flavonoid, Cardiac glycoside and anthraquinone. The presence of
pigments, saponin, tannin, contributed to the staining ability of the extract.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of Hepatitis Research, 2016
Hepatitis B and C viruses are growing worldwide public health issue today. Their pathology is res... more Hepatitis B and C viruses are growing worldwide public health issue today. Their pathology is responsible for considerable increase in healthcare expenses despite the widely recognized public health authority to keep them under control. Aim: The present study was done to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C (HCV) antibody amongst 1650 respondents residing in Abuja Municipal Area council comprising the eleven wards Method: The CTK Biotech HBV /HCV rapid test kits were used. The media age was 34 years. Working class people constituted 31.0% of those sampled. Result: Of the 1650 blood samples tested, 63 respondents were positive to both HCV and HBV with 32.3% and 67.6% male and female respectively giving a cumulative percentage of 3.8 out of which 3.1% and 0.7% were for hepatitis B and C respectively. Conclusion: No mixed infection of both viruses was observed in the residents of Abuja municipal Area council tested. No significant relationship was seen between HBV and HCV sero-positivity and demographic factors. The prevalence of Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C Virus is moderate among the resident of Abuja municipal Area council, FCT-North central geopolitical zone of Nigeria health issue today. The five viruses that cause infections of the liver are responsible for a widely prevalent and growing disease burden. No country, rich or poor, is spared. These viruses are important as they cause infectious diseases in their own right [5]. In particular, types B and C lead to chronic disease in hundreds of millions of people and, together, are the most common cause of liver cirrhosis and cancer [6]. Hepatitis B is a DNA virus; hepatitis C is an RNA virus. These viruses invade liver cells in their attempt to replicate. The hepatitis C virus hijacks the cell and reprograms the cell's RNA and DNA, causing the liver cells to begin reproducing more viruses. Hepatitis A and E viruses otherwise called infectious hepatitis are major foodborne and waterborne infections. Hepatitis A and E are typically caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water, which cause millions of cases of acute illness every year, with several months sometimes needed for full recovery. Hepatitis B, C and D also known as serum hepatitis, usually occur as a result of parenteral contact with infected body fluids, also make a substantial contribution to the burden of chronic diseases and the premature mortality they cause. Serum hepatitis (hepatitis B and C) is present in the blood, saliva, semen, vaginal secretions, and menstrual blood and to a lesser extent perspiration, breast milk, tears and urine of infected individuals [7].
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
British Microbiology Research Journal , 2016
Hepatitis B is a growing worldwide public health issue today. The pathologies are responsible for... more Hepatitis B is a growing worldwide public health issue today. The pathologies are responsible for considerable increase in healthcare expenses despite the widely recognized public health authority to keep then under control. Facts and figures have hitherto been misconstrued as regards Eligibility for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in most hospitals in Nigeria. Original Research Article Ewaoche et al.; BMRJ, 17(2): 1-10, 2016; Article no.BMRJ.27331 2 This Cross-sectional study therefore is to evaluate the prevalence and determine the proportion of the female sex workers and prison inmates eligible for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Calabar. Methods: Preliminary screening was done with a highly specific and sensitive HBsAg strip. Reactive samples were analyzed for hepatitis B markers using commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA) kits. Chemistry and hematology analyzers were employed in carrying out LFT and FBC. Results: The overall prevalence of HBV was 5.72%. The prevalence rate of 8.16% and 4.70% were recorded for the female sex workers and prison inmates respectively. A significant proportion of the inmates were chronically living with the virus and are eligible for treatment going by the APRI scores. Infections were significantly associated with the use of unsterilized equipment for tattooing and injection drug use. Conclusion: The low observed intraprison and interbrothels prevalence of HBV underscore the need to vaccinate the inmates and sex workers population.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
American Journal of Epidemiology and Infectious Disease, 2017
Background: Microorganisms are ubiquitous in nature, its presence in a particular location and co... more Background: Microorganisms are ubiquitous in nature, its presence in a particular location and condition suitable for it multiplication dictate it pathogenicity or otherwise. Objective: To investigate the microbiological load and the potential risk of refrigerated food and water are exposed to in Calabar metropolis. Design: Sterile swab sticks moistened with peptone water were used to swab the refrigerator parts of interest. The swabs were aseptically transferred to appropriate culture media and the cultures incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Setting: The base, shelves and inner sides of 50 randomly selected household refrigerators in Calabar Metropolis were examined for microbial pathogens presence to determine their possible role as infection reservoir. Subject: Bacterial and fungal isolates were identified morphologically, physiological, and biochemically while parasites were detected by direct microscopy. Result: In all, 100% of refrigerators sampled showed bacterial contamination, 32% showed fungal contamination, while 8% had parasitic organisms. Genera of bacteria isolated in descending order of frequency were: Staphylococcus aureus 27.3%, Escherichia coli 20.2%, Shigella spp 13.0%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 11.9%, Aeromonas hydrophilia 8.3%, Salmonella typhi 5.9%, Klebsiella pneumonia 5%, Streptococcus pyogenes 4.7%, and Proteus mirabilis 2.3%. Fungal organisms isolated were Candida albicans 54%, Penicillium spp 43.2% and Aspergilus flavus 2.7% while the parasites detected were Entamoeba histolytica/dispar 50% and Ascaris lumbricoides 50%. Conclusion: The presence of these organisms, including potential foodborne pathogens, in domestic refrigerators portends serious health implications. The need to maintain appropriate food storage and refrigerator management, and proper hand hygiene is recommended.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of Microbiology & Experimentation, 2017
Background and objective: Nosocomial infections are a serious public health issue today and its s... more Background and objective: Nosocomial infections are a serious public health issue today and its studies cannot be overemphasized. An open label 12-weeks descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in a large number of hospital Personnel to determine the frequency of bacterial species associated with nosocomial infections among healthcare personnel in the north central geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Materials and method: The subjects in this study were forty males, forty females and nineteen of the hospital fomites. The moistened swab sticks were separately robbed on the hands of forty that washed with soap and water and forty that washed with disinfectants and nineteen of the hospital fomites. The samples were inoculated in different laboratory media and incubated at 37 °C for 48 hours. Morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics were noted appropriately. Means and corresponding standard deviations were calculated for continuous data while proportions, along with the 95% confidence intervals, were calculated for categorical data. Results: This study shows that microorganisms occupy the hands of social insurance work force and gear and materials being used in clinics. The major types of organisms isolated from the hands of the health care personnel and the hospital fomites in this study were Staphylococcus aureus, Eschenchia coli, Klebsiellapneumoniae and Pseudomonas spp. The most frequently isolated was Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: To ensure proper hygiene, medical personnel should consider staff decontamination following a period of nursing of patients especially if they are to attend to unaffected patients shortly Keywords: Hospital acquired infections; Staff decontamination; Hand washing
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Research Journal Of Microbiology, 2017
Background and Objective: Hepatic fibrosis is a wound healing response to insults and as such aff... more Background and Objective: Hepatic fibrosis is a wound healing response to insults and as such affects the entire world population. In industrialized countries, the main causes of liver fibrosis include alcohol abuse, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and chronic hepatitis virus infection which accounts for about 80% of liver fibrosis. A common denominator that is central to liver fibrosis is the activation of hepatic stellate cells, which is triggered by a plethora of signaling pathways. Liver fibrosis can progress into more severe stages, known as cirrhosis, when liver acini are substituted by nodules and further to hepatocellular carcinoma when the architecture of the liver is disfigured. This study was carried out to assess the hematological/chemical pathological and HBV DNA indices of a fibrosis liver in order to determine the efficacy of the extemporaneous polyherbal formulation. Materials and Methods: The safety and pharmacological properties of extemporaneous polyherbal preparation was evaluated. Acute toxicity study using Wistar rats revealed that oral administration of aqueous extract of homogenized herbal preparation of Allium sativum , Zingiber officinale , Curcuma longa and Moringa Oleifera was non-toxic and LD50 was found to be above 5000 mg kgG1. Microbiological examination showed that these herbal products were free of microbial contamination. Sequel to the National Agency for Food and Drug and Administration and Control (NAFDAC) guidelines on the use of herbal preparations in Nigeria, five consenting adults were given an extemporaneous herbal preparation (2000 mg kgG1) in divided dose 12 h for 3 months. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi square test and independent t-test. Results: Results obtained from descriptive statistics, chi square test and independent t-test showed that there was a significant (p<0.05) improvement in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to platelet ratio index (APRI) and hepatitis B (HBV) DNA values which were close to normal in most of the participants. Conclusion: It can succinctly be inferred that non-orthodox medications that are non-toxic and with suitable dosage forms and stability can be an alternative for the management of liver fibrosis
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health, 2019
Malaria, a global health problem especially in the sub-Sahara region has been posing a recurrent ... more Malaria, a global health problem especially in the sub-Sahara region has been posing a recurrent problem due to the resistance of the parasites to the available antimalarial drugs despite the preventive measures provided by WHO. Aims: This study is aimed at determining the prevalence of resistance markers in four Niger Delta states of Nigeria, a decade after withdrawal of chloroquine. Methods: Eight hundred and forty six (846) subjects participated in the study and were distributed as follows, 192(22.7%) Bayelsa; 218(25.8%) Rivers; 196(23.2%) Edo and 240(28.4%) Delta respectively. Malaria parasite identification was carried out using standard parasitological techniques. Genotyping of the resistance markers Pfcrt K76T and Pfmdr 1 was carried out by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: Our findings revealed that the prevalence of malaria infection in the four Niger Delta states were 78.1%, 68.8%, 62.8% and 58.8% in Bayelsa, Rivers States, Edo and Delta respectively. There was no statistical difference in the prevalence of malaria within the four Niger Original Research Article Alade et al.; IJTDH, 39(3): 1-11, 2019; Article no.IJTDH.52075 2 Delta states. (P>0.05). Children below the age of 5 years recorded the highest infection rates when compared to subjects in other age groups (P< 0.01). Our findings also revealed that the distribution of mutant Pfcrt K76T and Pfmdr 1 genes across the four states were 12.0% and 28.6%, 4.0% and 22.0%, 14.6% and 29.3%, 10.6% and 25.0% in Bayelsa, Rivers, Edo and Delta state respectively. However, the prevalence of Pfcrt K76T in Rivers State was statistically lower when compared to other states (P < 0.01) while no statistical difference existed in the distribution of Pfmdr 1 mutant genes (P>0.01). Conclusion: Prevalence of Pfcrt and Pfmdr 1 remained elevated in the Niger Delta states despite the withdrawal of chloroquine over a decade ago. Hence, Nigeria is far from an eventual re-introduction of chloroquine as its resistance markers still persist in our communities. Furthermore, the root cause of the persistence of these resistance markers needs to be investigated.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research , 2020
Background and Objective: Garri is a powdery carbohydrate-based food material of cassava root tub... more Background and Objective: Garri is a powdery carbohydrate-based food material of cassava root tubers (Manihot esculenta Crantz) consumed predominantly in West African countries. It can be processed with palm oil rich in carotenoid (Light-yellow) or without palm oil (Creamy-white). In Nigeria, garri is widely acceptable and consumed by both the poor, the middle men or average Nigerian, and also the rich because it serves as a major source of carbohydrate. The study aimed at detecting fungal strains that produce mycotoxins in garri sourced from Southern Ijaw Local Government Area of Bayelsa State. Materials and Methods: A total number of fifty freshly prepared and market displayed-garri samples were collected and processed using standard mycological techniques and Polymerase Chain Reaction from the 23 villages that constitute the LGA. Results: Results showed that the moulds isolated in yellow garri samples in this study were; Aspergillus spp 9(37.50%),Cladosporium spp 5(20.83%), Fusarium spp 4(16.67%), Penicillus spp 3(12.50%), Rhizopus spp 2(8.30%) and Mucor spp 1(4.17%), while those isolated in the white garri Original Research Article Tolulope et al.; JAMMR, 32(7): 64-72, 2020; Article no.JAMMR.54835 65 samples were; Aspergillus spp 6(25%), Penicillium spp 8(33.3%), Cladosporium spp 4(16.7%), Rhizopus spp 2(8.3%), Mucor spp 1(4.1%), Alternaria spp 2(8.3%) and Fusarium spp 1(4.1%) with predominance of Penicillium and Asperigellus species. Twenty samples subjected to molecular analysis to determine the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS) and characterization of the fungal strains were all positive (100%). Conclusion: Fungal contamination on garri mostly results from unhealthy post-processing activity basically from poor packaging and storage. Mycotoxins from fungal strains have serious health implications on humans therefore it is paramount that proper packaging and storage of this product is publicized to reduce its mycological contamination.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of Cytology & Histology, 2014
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Drafts by Ewaoche S U N D A Y Itodo
Academia, 2021
Amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic response, the use of masks has become a hardly debated controv... more Amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic response, the use of masks has become a hardly debated controversy. One side believes everyone should just wear masks claiming there are no downsides even though it might not be 100% effective. The other side believes that mandating mask is against our civil liberty and should not be forced on people. To go beyond the pro-and anti-dialectics we must adopt a systems approach to find the real problem to deliver the real solution. The systems science revealed that a reduction of gram-positive bacteria increases gram-negative bacteria notably Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythensis, Porphyromonas gingivalis in periodontal disease and gingival pockets. These microbes are the culprits in soft tissue loss, cytokine storm, and bone tissue loss experienced in the dysbiosis of the oral cavity. The key drivers of this conceivable transition are the pH and temperature. While wearing facemasks lower the pH and creates an acidic content in the mouth, a microenvironment around the mouth and nose is created which impacts the heat exchange favoring this conceivable transition. Systems science revealed an interconnection between masks and oral health. If there is a shift from a commensal to a pathogenic oral microbiome, it causes an imbalance of oral homeostasis, phenomenon called dysbiosis, which not only affects the mouth but other body sites.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Uploads
Papers by Ewaoche S U N D A Y Itodo
determined. The dried red onion skin was ground into small pieces and 300g (150g
for aqueous and 150g for ethanolic extraction) of the milled dried red onion skin
was used for extraction. Dark red-pigmented granules were obtained. The aqueous
and ethanolic extract of mordanted (Potassium aluminum alum and ferric chloride),
non-mordanted and acidified solution prepared from the extract were used to stain
tissue sections. Cytoplasm of cells and connective tissues were remarkably stained
in shades of redish to yellowish brown colours. Preliminary phytochemical
screening of these extracts reveal that it contained alkaloid steroid ring, saponin,
Tannin, Flavonoid, Cardiac glycoside and anthraquinone. The presence of
pigments, saponin, tannin, contributed to the staining ability of the extract.
Drafts by Ewaoche S U N D A Y Itodo
determined. The dried red onion skin was ground into small pieces and 300g (150g
for aqueous and 150g for ethanolic extraction) of the milled dried red onion skin
was used for extraction. Dark red-pigmented granules were obtained. The aqueous
and ethanolic extract of mordanted (Potassium aluminum alum and ferric chloride),
non-mordanted and acidified solution prepared from the extract were used to stain
tissue sections. Cytoplasm of cells and connective tissues were remarkably stained
in shades of redish to yellowish brown colours. Preliminary phytochemical
screening of these extracts reveal that it contained alkaloid steroid ring, saponin,
Tannin, Flavonoid, Cardiac glycoside and anthraquinone. The presence of
pigments, saponin, tannin, contributed to the staining ability of the extract.