We use mitochondrial markers to examine the genetic status of European subpopulations of Lu pe r... more We use mitochondrial markers to examine the genetic status of European subpopulations of Lu pe rina nickerlii Freyer, 1845 (Noctuidae) in Britain, Ireland, Spain and the Czech Republic. We show that all the populations sampled belong to the same species Luperina nickerlii, despite considerable differences in appearance, ecology and population isolation. Neighbour-joining tree based on mitochondrial markers showed only three populations as separate clusters: gueneei, nickerlii and knilli. We show that subspecies leechi, albarracina and demuthi are genetically close to each other and that both leechi and gueneei show significantly lower heterozygosity than the other subspecies sampled. L. n. albarracina and knilli show high genetic variability. Isolation by distance was not supported in this study, suggesting populations were probably linked to each other in the recent past.
Sterile insect releases for management of lepidopteran pest populations are based on bisexual rel... more Sterile insect releases for management of lepidopteran pest populations are based on bisexual releases. Male-only releases of codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) have never been tested in the field, due to the lack of efficient ways to separate males from females or produce only males. Recently, a new approach for the development of genetic sexing strains in Lepidoptera has been
The differential accumulation and elimination of repetitive DNA are key drivers of genome size va... more The differential accumulation and elimination of repetitive DNA are key drivers of genome size variation in flowering plants, yet there have been few studies which have analysed how different types of repeats in related species contribute to genome size evolution within a phylogenetic context. This question is addressed here by conducting large-scale compara-tive analysis of repeats in 23 species from four genera of the monophyletic legume tribe Fabeae, representing a 7.6-fold variation in genome size. Phylogenetic analysis and genome size reconstruction revealed that this diversity arose from genome size expansions and contractions in different lineages during the evolution of Fabeae. Employing a combina-tion of low-pass genome sequencing with novel bioinformatic approaches resulted in identi-fication and quantification of repeats making up 55–83 % of the investigated genomes. In turn, this enabled an analysis of how each major repeat type contributed to the genome size variation e...
The differential accumulation and elimination of repetitive DNA are key drivers of genome size va... more The differential accumulation and elimination of repetitive DNA are key drivers of genome size variation in flowering plants, yet there have been few studies which have analysed how different types of repeats in related species contribute to genome size evolution within a phylogenetic context. This question is addressed here by conducting large-scale comparative analysis of repeats in 23 species from four genera of the monophyletic legume tribe Fabeae, representing a 7.6-fold variation in genome size. Phylogenetic analysis and genome size reconstruction revealed that this diversity arose from genome size expansions and contractions in different lineages during the evolution of Fabeae. Employing a combination of low-pass genome sequencing with novel bioinformatic approaches resulted in identification and quantification of repeats making up 55-83% of the investigated genomes. In turn, this enabled an analysis of how each major repeat type contributed to the genome size variation encou...
In most eukaryotes, centromere is determined by the presence of the centromere-specific histone v... more In most eukaryotes, centromere is determined by the presence of the centromere-specific histone variant CenH3. Two types of chromosome morphology are generally recognized with respect to centromere organization. Monocentric chromosomes possess a single CenH3-containing domain in primary constriction, whereas holocentric chromosomes lack the primary constriction and display dispersed distribution of CenH3. Recently, metapolycentric chromosomes have been reported in Pisum sativum, representing an intermediate type of centromere organization characterized by multiple CenH3-containing domains distributed across large parts of chromosomes that still form a single constriction. In this work, we show that this type of centromere is also found in other Pisum and closely related Lathyrus species, whereas Vicia and Lens genera, which belong to the same legume tribe Fabeae, possess only monocentric chromosomes. We observed extensive variability in the size of primary constriction and the arran...
Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society, Jan 22, 2014
The African Mocker Swallowtail, Papilio dardanus, is a textbook example in evolutionary genetics.... more The African Mocker Swallowtail, Papilio dardanus, is a textbook example in evolutionary genetics. Classical breeding experiments have shown that wing pattern variation in this polymorphic Batesian mimic is determined by the polyallelic H locus that controls a set of distinct mimetic phenotypes. Using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequencing, recombination analyses and comparative genomics, we show that H co-segregates with an interval of less than 500 kb that is collinear with two other Lepidoptera genomes and contains 24 genes, including the transcription factor genes engrailed (en) and invected (inv). H is located in a region of conserved gene order, which argues against any role for genomic translocations in the evolution of a hypothesized multi-gene mimicry locus. Natural populations of P. dardanus show significant associations of specific morphs with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), centred on en. In addition, SNP variation in the H region reveals evidence of non...
Sterile insect releases for management of lepidopteran pest populations are based on bisexual rel... more Sterile insect releases for management of lepidopteran pest populations are based on bisexual releases. Male-only releases of codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) have never been tested in the field, due to the lack of efficient ways to separate males from females or produce only males. Recently, a new approach for the development of genetic sexing strains in Lepidoptera has been
The W chromosome of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, like that of most Lepidoptera species, is ... more The W chromosome of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, like that of most Lepidoptera species, is heterochromatic and forms a female-specific sex chromatin body in somatic cells. We collected chromatin samples by laser microdissection from euchromatin and W-chromatin bodies. DNA from the samples was amplified by degenerate oligonucleotide-primed polymerase chain reaction (DOP-PCR) and used to prepare painting probes and start an analysis of the W-chromosome sequence composition. With fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), the euchromatin probe labelled all chromosomes, whereas the W-chromatin DNA proved to be a highly specific W-chromosome painting probe. For sequence analysis, DOP-PCR-generated DNA fragments were cloned, sequenced, and tested by Southern hybridization. We recovered single-copy and low-copy W-specific sequences, a sequence that was located only in the W and the Z chromosome, multi-copy sequences that were enriched in the W chromosome but occurred also elsewhere, ...
Genome / National Research Council Canada = Génome / Conseil national de recherches Canada, 2005
We performed a detailed karyotype analysis in the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera... more We performed a detailed karyotype analysis in the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), the key pest of pome fruit in the temperate regions of the world. The codling moth karyotype consisted of 2n = 56 chromosomes of a holokinetic type. The chromosomes were classified into 5 groups according to their sizes: extra large (3 pairs), large (3 pairs), medium (15 pairs), small (5 pairs), and dot-like (2 pairs). In pachytene nuclei of both sexes, a curious NOR (nucleolar organizer region) bivalent was observed. It carried 2 nucleoli, each associated with one end of the bivalent. FISH with an 18S ribosomal DNA probe confirmed the presence of 2 clusters of rRNA genes at the opposite ends of the bivalent. In accordance with this finding, 2 homologous NOR chromosomes were identified in mitotic metaphase, each showing hybridization signals at both ends. In highly polyploid somatic nuclei, females showed a large heterochromatin body, the so-called sex chromatin or W chro...
The W chromosome of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, like that of most Lepidoptera species, is ... more The W chromosome of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, like that of most Lepidoptera species, is heterochromatic and forms a female-specific sex chromatin body in somatic cells. We collected chromatin samples by laser microdissection from euchromatin and W-chromatin bodies. DNA from the samples was amplified by degenerate oligonucleotide-primed polymerase chain reaction (DOP-PCR) and used to prepare painting probes and start an analysis of the W-chromosome sequence composition. With fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), the euchromatin probe labelled all chromosomes, whereas the W-chromatin DNA proved to be a highly specific W-chromosome painting probe. For sequence analysis, DOP-PCR-generated DNA fragments were cloned, sequenced, and tested by Southern hybridization. We recovered single-copy and low-copy W-specific sequences, a sequence that was located only in the W and the Z chromosome, multi-copy sequences that were enriched in the W chromosome but occurred also elsewhere, and ubiquitous multi-copy sequences. Three of the multi-copy sequences were recognized as derived from hitherto unknown retrotransposons. The results show that our approach is feasible and that the W-chromosome composition of C. pomonella is not principally different from that of Bombyx mori or from that of Y chromosomes of several species with an XY sex-determining mechanism. The W chromosome has attracted repetitive sequences during evolution but also contains unique sequences.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression, 2001
We screened the Dictyostelium discoideum two-hybrid cDNA library with the SNW/SKIP transcription ... more We screened the Dictyostelium discoideum two-hybrid cDNA library with the SNW/SKIP transcription coregulator SnwA and identified a novel cyclophilin CypE. Independently, the Schizosaccharomyces pombe cDNA library was screened with the SnwA ortholog Snw1 and the ortholog of CypE (named Cyp2) was found. Both cyclophilins bind the respective SNW protein in their autologous systems. The interaction was localized to the N-terminal part of SnwA as well as of Snw1. CypE was confirmed in vitro to be a cyclosporin A-sensitive peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase. Remarkably, both SNW proteins bind the cyclophilins in a cyclosporin A independent manner, possibly serving as adaptors for these novel isomerases. These results are the first characterization of the members of a novel cyclophilin subfamily, which includes the human CGI-124/PPIL1 protein.
We use mitochondrial markers to examine the genetic status of European subpopulations of Lu pe r... more We use mitochondrial markers to examine the genetic status of European subpopulations of Lu pe rina nickerlii Freyer, 1845 (Noctuidae) in Britain, Ireland, Spain and the Czech Republic. We show that all the populations sampled belong to the same species Luperina nickerlii, despite considerable differences in appearance, ecology and population isolation. Neighbour-joining tree based on mitochondrial markers showed only three populations as separate clusters: gueneei, nickerlii and knilli. We show that subspecies leechi, albarracina and demuthi are genetically close to each other and that both leechi and gueneei show significantly lower heterozygosity than the other subspecies sampled. L. n. albarracina and knilli show high genetic variability. Isolation by distance was not supported in this study, suggesting populations were probably linked to each other in the recent past.
Sterile insect releases for management of lepidopteran pest populations are based on bisexual rel... more Sterile insect releases for management of lepidopteran pest populations are based on bisexual releases. Male-only releases of codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) have never been tested in the field, due to the lack of efficient ways to separate males from females or produce only males. Recently, a new approach for the development of genetic sexing strains in Lepidoptera has been
The differential accumulation and elimination of repetitive DNA are key drivers of genome size va... more The differential accumulation and elimination of repetitive DNA are key drivers of genome size variation in flowering plants, yet there have been few studies which have analysed how different types of repeats in related species contribute to genome size evolution within a phylogenetic context. This question is addressed here by conducting large-scale compara-tive analysis of repeats in 23 species from four genera of the monophyletic legume tribe Fabeae, representing a 7.6-fold variation in genome size. Phylogenetic analysis and genome size reconstruction revealed that this diversity arose from genome size expansions and contractions in different lineages during the evolution of Fabeae. Employing a combina-tion of low-pass genome sequencing with novel bioinformatic approaches resulted in identi-fication and quantification of repeats making up 55–83 % of the investigated genomes. In turn, this enabled an analysis of how each major repeat type contributed to the genome size variation e...
The differential accumulation and elimination of repetitive DNA are key drivers of genome size va... more The differential accumulation and elimination of repetitive DNA are key drivers of genome size variation in flowering plants, yet there have been few studies which have analysed how different types of repeats in related species contribute to genome size evolution within a phylogenetic context. This question is addressed here by conducting large-scale comparative analysis of repeats in 23 species from four genera of the monophyletic legume tribe Fabeae, representing a 7.6-fold variation in genome size. Phylogenetic analysis and genome size reconstruction revealed that this diversity arose from genome size expansions and contractions in different lineages during the evolution of Fabeae. Employing a combination of low-pass genome sequencing with novel bioinformatic approaches resulted in identification and quantification of repeats making up 55-83% of the investigated genomes. In turn, this enabled an analysis of how each major repeat type contributed to the genome size variation encou...
In most eukaryotes, centromere is determined by the presence of the centromere-specific histone v... more In most eukaryotes, centromere is determined by the presence of the centromere-specific histone variant CenH3. Two types of chromosome morphology are generally recognized with respect to centromere organization. Monocentric chromosomes possess a single CenH3-containing domain in primary constriction, whereas holocentric chromosomes lack the primary constriction and display dispersed distribution of CenH3. Recently, metapolycentric chromosomes have been reported in Pisum sativum, representing an intermediate type of centromere organization characterized by multiple CenH3-containing domains distributed across large parts of chromosomes that still form a single constriction. In this work, we show that this type of centromere is also found in other Pisum and closely related Lathyrus species, whereas Vicia and Lens genera, which belong to the same legume tribe Fabeae, possess only monocentric chromosomes. We observed extensive variability in the size of primary constriction and the arran...
Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society, Jan 22, 2014
The African Mocker Swallowtail, Papilio dardanus, is a textbook example in evolutionary genetics.... more The African Mocker Swallowtail, Papilio dardanus, is a textbook example in evolutionary genetics. Classical breeding experiments have shown that wing pattern variation in this polymorphic Batesian mimic is determined by the polyallelic H locus that controls a set of distinct mimetic phenotypes. Using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequencing, recombination analyses and comparative genomics, we show that H co-segregates with an interval of less than 500 kb that is collinear with two other Lepidoptera genomes and contains 24 genes, including the transcription factor genes engrailed (en) and invected (inv). H is located in a region of conserved gene order, which argues against any role for genomic translocations in the evolution of a hypothesized multi-gene mimicry locus. Natural populations of P. dardanus show significant associations of specific morphs with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), centred on en. In addition, SNP variation in the H region reveals evidence of non...
Sterile insect releases for management of lepidopteran pest populations are based on bisexual rel... more Sterile insect releases for management of lepidopteran pest populations are based on bisexual releases. Male-only releases of codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) have never been tested in the field, due to the lack of efficient ways to separate males from females or produce only males. Recently, a new approach for the development of genetic sexing strains in Lepidoptera has been
The W chromosome of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, like that of most Lepidoptera species, is ... more The W chromosome of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, like that of most Lepidoptera species, is heterochromatic and forms a female-specific sex chromatin body in somatic cells. We collected chromatin samples by laser microdissection from euchromatin and W-chromatin bodies. DNA from the samples was amplified by degenerate oligonucleotide-primed polymerase chain reaction (DOP-PCR) and used to prepare painting probes and start an analysis of the W-chromosome sequence composition. With fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), the euchromatin probe labelled all chromosomes, whereas the W-chromatin DNA proved to be a highly specific W-chromosome painting probe. For sequence analysis, DOP-PCR-generated DNA fragments were cloned, sequenced, and tested by Southern hybridization. We recovered single-copy and low-copy W-specific sequences, a sequence that was located only in the W and the Z chromosome, multi-copy sequences that were enriched in the W chromosome but occurred also elsewhere, ...
Genome / National Research Council Canada = Génome / Conseil national de recherches Canada, 2005
We performed a detailed karyotype analysis in the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera... more We performed a detailed karyotype analysis in the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), the key pest of pome fruit in the temperate regions of the world. The codling moth karyotype consisted of 2n = 56 chromosomes of a holokinetic type. The chromosomes were classified into 5 groups according to their sizes: extra large (3 pairs), large (3 pairs), medium (15 pairs), small (5 pairs), and dot-like (2 pairs). In pachytene nuclei of both sexes, a curious NOR (nucleolar organizer region) bivalent was observed. It carried 2 nucleoli, each associated with one end of the bivalent. FISH with an 18S ribosomal DNA probe confirmed the presence of 2 clusters of rRNA genes at the opposite ends of the bivalent. In accordance with this finding, 2 homologous NOR chromosomes were identified in mitotic metaphase, each showing hybridization signals at both ends. In highly polyploid somatic nuclei, females showed a large heterochromatin body, the so-called sex chromatin or W chro...
The W chromosome of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, like that of most Lepidoptera species, is ... more The W chromosome of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, like that of most Lepidoptera species, is heterochromatic and forms a female-specific sex chromatin body in somatic cells. We collected chromatin samples by laser microdissection from euchromatin and W-chromatin bodies. DNA from the samples was amplified by degenerate oligonucleotide-primed polymerase chain reaction (DOP-PCR) and used to prepare painting probes and start an analysis of the W-chromosome sequence composition. With fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), the euchromatin probe labelled all chromosomes, whereas the W-chromatin DNA proved to be a highly specific W-chromosome painting probe. For sequence analysis, DOP-PCR-generated DNA fragments were cloned, sequenced, and tested by Southern hybridization. We recovered single-copy and low-copy W-specific sequences, a sequence that was located only in the W and the Z chromosome, multi-copy sequences that were enriched in the W chromosome but occurred also elsewhere, and ubiquitous multi-copy sequences. Three of the multi-copy sequences were recognized as derived from hitherto unknown retrotransposons. The results show that our approach is feasible and that the W-chromosome composition of C. pomonella is not principally different from that of Bombyx mori or from that of Y chromosomes of several species with an XY sex-determining mechanism. The W chromosome has attracted repetitive sequences during evolution but also contains unique sequences.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression, 2001
We screened the Dictyostelium discoideum two-hybrid cDNA library with the SNW/SKIP transcription ... more We screened the Dictyostelium discoideum two-hybrid cDNA library with the SNW/SKIP transcription coregulator SnwA and identified a novel cyclophilin CypE. Independently, the Schizosaccharomyces pombe cDNA library was screened with the SnwA ortholog Snw1 and the ortholog of CypE (named Cyp2) was found. Both cyclophilins bind the respective SNW protein in their autologous systems. The interaction was localized to the N-terminal part of SnwA as well as of Snw1. CypE was confirmed in vitro to be a cyclosporin A-sensitive peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase. Remarkably, both SNW proteins bind the cyclophilins in a cyclosporin A independent manner, possibly serving as adaptors for these novel isomerases. These results are the first characterization of the members of a novel cyclophilin subfamily, which includes the human CGI-124/PPIL1 protein.
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